The master thesis deals with the application of delivery conditions in the maritime and air transport which was done in forward company Hellmann Worldwide Logistics Ltd. The theoretical part describes air and maritime transport focusing on development in Europe. The international interpretative rules INCOTERMS 2010 were discussed. The practical part explains application of delivery conditions by using business cases from company Hellmann. This part includes their comparison. Export and import operations were chosen on route Europe and Far East.

The aim of the thesis is to generally characterize the maritime container transport and to describe a complete work agenda of an NVOCC operator. Another aim of this thesis is to introduce the transport chain and the role of the NVOCC. In order to show the range in which prices can move, in my thesis are processed quotes for a specific route from several freight forwarders / NVOCC.

Cut-to-length logging is a mechanized method for delimbing trees and cutting them to length. It is a two-machine operation; taken care by a harvester and a forwarder. The forwarder can cause soil rutting, soil compaction and other detrimental after effects. Therefore it has become vital to protect the forest floor from destructive effects of heavy machines. This initiated the study to delve more into the interaction between the loaded forwarder wheel and the soil. Various WES based rut depth models has been compared to validate its effectiveness in predicting the rut depths. New models have been developed to estimate the rut depth produced by the multipass effect of wheels. Models that could predict the contact pressure between the tire and soil as well as the tire soil contact area has been studied. Various relations to determine the mobility parameters have also been studied. The ones that are suitable to predict mobility parameters have been identified. Roots play a major role in reinforcing the soil and protecting them. This extra reinforcement provided by roots has been taken into account in the thesis work. Lab test with pine tree roots have been carried out to determine the extra reinforcement supplied. Models that are capable of predicting the reinforcement effects due to roots have also been looked into. An initial step towards connecting WES and Bekker models have been done; available models correlating both WES and Bekker models have been analysed and finally a set of relations connecting both have been derived. The effect of slip on sinkage has been studied with the help of both WES and Bekker based models. Multibody simulation software MSC Adams has been used to simulate the forwarder model to determine its suitability for rut depth prediction. Adams has been employed to study the effect of tire inflation pressure and velocity on rut depth. / Kortvirkesmetoden är en mekaniserad för skogsavverkning. Det är en två-maskinsprocess, som utförs av en skördare och en skotare. Skotaren kan orsaka skador på marken, som exempelvis spårbildning och markpackning. Det har blivit allt viktigare att skydda skogen från de marskador orsakade av tunga maskiner. Detta är en initiell studie av samspelet mellan mark och hjul på en lastad skotare. Olika WES-baserade spårdjupsmodeller har jämförts för att värdera deras förmåga att prediktera spårdjupen. Nya modeller har också utvecklats för att uppskatta relationen mellan spårdjup och flera hjulpassager. Modeller som kan prediktera kontakttrycket mellan däcket och marken, samt däckets markkontaktarea har studerats. Olika relationer för att bestämma mobilitetsparametrarna har också studerats. Rötter spelar en viktig roll för att öka markens bärighet och att skydda den. Rötternas effekt på markens bärighet har behandlats i examensarbetet. Labbtester med tallrötter har genomförts för att bestämma deras armeringseffekt. Modeller som kan användas för att prediktera rötternas effekter har också studerats. Ett första steg för att kunna kombinera WES- och Bekker-modeller har utförts, tillgängliga modeller som korrelerar WES- och Bekker-modeller har behandlats och en uppsättning relationer som relaterar de båda modellerna har härletts. Effekten av halka i samband med nedsjunkning har studerats med hjälp av både WES- och Bekkerbaserade modeller. Dynamiksimuleringsprogramet MSC Adams har använts för att simulera skotarmodellen för att bestämma dess lämplighet för spårdjupsförutsägelse. Adams har använts för att studera vilken effekt olika däcktryck och hastighet har på spårdjupet.

Väldigt få av dagens skogsmaskiner har dämpning vid hjulen. Detta resulterar i att den enda dämpning operatören har tillgång till för att dämpa vibrationer och stötar från marken, är den som sitter under sätet, det dämpande underredet. Tyvärr håller dagens undereden icke måttet, då de är främst designade att användas i en helt annan miljö, oftast i lastbilar och bussar. Förutom problemet med kort livslängd, så finns problemet med att man ej kan få optimal dämpning vid lägsta och högsta positionen, på grund av hur konstruktionen är utformad. I detta examensarbete så görs ett försök att hitta en annan typ av dämpnings- och höjdläges-funktion som gör att höjd och dämpning ej är beroende av varandra, vilket skall resultera i optimal dämning oavsett höjd. Förutom detta så skall designen också hålla längre samt dämpa vibrationer och rörelser åt fler håll än bara vertikalt.Den resulterande konstruktionen analyserades sedan digitalt, för att ta fram de optimala dämpnings- och fjäder- konstanterna, samt egenfrekvenserna. Slutligen ges rekommendationer för design, analyser och övrigt fortsatt arbete som behövs för att kunna tillverka en prototyp. / Very few of today’s forest machines have damping at the wheels. The only damping that the operator has to shield him from the vibrations and shakes is the seats undercarriage. Unfortunately, today’s undercarriage do not measure up to the task, as they are often designed for trucks and busses, not to be used in a harsh environment as a forest. Except the short lifespan problem, there is also the issue of optimal damping. Today’s design does not allow for optimal damping at the maximum and minimum height positions.This Master´s Thesis project aim at creating a new and improved design that would separate height adjustment and damping, with the purpose to provide optimal damping within the entire height adjustment range. All this and at the same time making the design sturdier, with a greater lifespan, and to be able to damp vibrations and motions in more than one direction. The resulting design was then digitally analyzed to find out the optimal damping and spring coefficients, as well as the natural frequencies. Finally recommendations are given for design, analyses and further work that are needed to manufacture a prototype.

In 2018, global gross domestic product (GDP) was US$86.3 trillion, and almost a quarter of that value was due to international trade with a value of US$19.6 trillion. Air cargo accounts for about 35 percent of that trade value (approximately US$6.86 trillion). Moreover, from the perspective of the airport sector, air cargo revenue contributes between 20 to 70 percent of airport revenue. The global airport revenue for freight in 2018 was US$250 billion. Despite the interest and research activities surrounding competition and competitiveness of airports and specifically among airlines and passengers, it appears scholars have overlooked research concerning the competitiveness of airports when it comes to air cargo. This study attempts to fill the gap in the supply chain and logistics literature by putting forward a framework and ultimately operationalizing the framework highlighting the pivotal role of air cargo in the supply chain domain and within the global economy. Specifically, the framework is operationalized within the freight forwarding air cargo supply chain domain – providing insight into this important yet understudied phenomenon. The population of interest is freight forwarders from the Dubai International Airport, United Arab Emirates. The Middle East represents 18 percent of the world's air cargo volume and the region's air cargo volume has been growing three times faster than worldwide air cargo making the Dubai International Airport an appropriate and novel setting for the study. A sample frame obtained from the National Association of Freight and Logistics (NAFL) provided the final sample of 187 respondents. The survey was undertaken during the fourth quarter of 2019. The data are analyzed using structural equation modeling. The dissertation contributes to the supply chain and logistics literature by synthesizing and operationalizing a framework that measures freight forwarder satisfaction specific to air cargo. Relying on Porter's theory of industry structure and competitiveness, the results of this study find that freight forwarder satisfaction is composed of three dimensions: infrastructure, operations, and cost. Additionally, the empirical findings reveal that freight forwarder satisfaction has a significant positive effect on both loyalty and airport competitiveness. As well, loyalty partially mediates the relationship between freight forwarder satisfaction and airport competitiveness.

With the development of the deforestation industry and the increased demand for sawn goods and woods over the world, created a need for more efficient harvesting methods, a need that was represented by mechanized harvesters and forwarders in forestry. These machines are efficient when it comes to mass production and can cut and delimb trees of all sizes and kinds. Still, these machines are large and heavy ,which causes high damage to the soil around the machinery. This causes ground disturbance. A new approach is to construct more specific light machines that are used to cut and delimb small trees without damaging the soil. The new harvester machine can minimize the use of the traditional big, mechanized harvesters. The project goal is to minimize the weight of the bearing structure of the harvester to increase the performance at the expense of robustness. In this master thesis, the biggest and heaviest bearing component is “the main plate” that carries most of the components is chosen to be optimized and remodeled. This master thesis is divided into two parts: ● The impact forces measurements created by delimbing. ● Optimization, redesign and material investigation to decrease the mass of the main plate. The first step was to design and manufacture a test rig, find an approach to measure the impact force, perform a structural test to 3 thicknesses of blades, execute the experiment and validate the results to estimate the maximum impact force. The measured forces are used to perform structural analysis, topology optimization and result validation using ANSYS, a new optimized model has been created from the optimization results using Solid Edge and a material investigation was performed using GRANTA CES EduPack. Finally, the mass of the main plate is reduced by 82% after the material removal and application of a new material alternative. / Med utvecklingen av avskogning industrin och den ökade efterfrågan på sågade gods och skogar över hela världen skapades ett behov för effektivare avverkningsmetoder. Detta behov representerades i mekaniserade skördare och skotare i skogsbruket. Dessa maskiner är effektiva när det gäller massproduktion och kan skära alla typer och storlekar av träd. Dock är dessa maskiner stora och tunga vilket orsakar stora skador på jorden runt maskinerna. Detta orsakar störningar i marken. Ett nytt tillvägagångssätt är att konstruera mer specifika lätta maskiner som används för att skära små träd utan att skada jorden. Den nya skördemaskinen kan minimera användningen av de traditionella stora, mekaniserade skördarna. Projektets syfte är att minimera vikten av skördarens bärande struktur för att öka prestandan på bekostnad av robusthet. I detta examensarbete är den största och tyngsta bärande strukturen huvudplattan som bär de flesta komponenterna vald för att optimeras och ommodelleras. Detta examensarbete är uppdelad i två delar: ● Mätning av slagkraft. ● Optimering, ommodellering och materialundersökning för att minska massan på huvudplattan. Det första steget var att konstruera och tillverka en testrigg, hitta en metod för att mäta slagkrafterna, utföra en strukturell provning till 3 tjocklekar på bladen, utföra experimentet och validera resultaten för att uppskatta den maximala slagkraften. De uppmätta krafterna används för att utföra strukturanalys, topologioptimering och resultatvalidering med ANSYS, en ny optimerad modell har skapats från optimeringsresultaten med Solid Edge och materialundersökning utfördes med GRANTA CES EduPack. Slutligen, massan av huvudplattan minskade med 82 % efter materialborttagning och applicering av ett nytt materialalternativ.

The main purpose of this thesis is to examine current most important social networks usable in Czech Republic and evaluate usefulness for logistic companies. The aims of thesis are basics of internet marketing, separation of social networks and evaluation their commercial potential. Author attaches his research in form of questionnaire aimed on current usage social networks in logistic companies and compiles recommendations how use social network for commercial purpose.

Le transport international de marchandises s’est développé grâce à la conteneurisation et à l’augmentation des échanges internationaux. Pour les organisateurs de transport, ceci a conduit à une plus lourde responsabilité et créé une certaine insécurité juridique.Le commissionnaire de transport français pose moins de problèmes quant au régime juridique qui lui est applicable alors que ses homologues étrangers engagés dans l’organisation du transport n’étaient pas préparés, pour la plupart, à cette évolution et par conséquent, il s’en est suivi de nombreux contentieux concernant leur qualification. En effet, ces organisateurs étrangers que nous désignerons comme intermédiaire de transport ou freight forwarder peuvent, selon leur engagement, agir en tant qu'« agent » ou « principal ». Afin de pouvoir déterminer leur qualification juridique exacte, les critères permettant leur distinction seront analysés à travers la jurisprudence. De plus, l’étendue de leurs obligations et responsabilités légales ou contractuelles sera abordée. En effet, dans tous les pays, des associations nationales de professionnels du transport ont élaboré des conditions générales disparates et variées afin de réguler les activités de leurs adhérents. De ce fait, l’analyse portant sur l’opposabilité des clauses de nature purement contractuelle s’avère nécessaire et donc, toute étude comparative entre les différents régimes légaux ou cadres contractuels permettra une approche pragmatique et juridique aidant à la résolution des litiges.Le développement du transport multimodal, grâce à la conteneurisation, a conduit à de multiples tentatives pour uniformiser le régime applicable à l'entrepreneur de transport, comme cela peut être actuellement le cas pour les transporteurs régis par des conventions unimodales. Ces tentatives d’uniformisation pour instaurer une convention internationale ayant toutes échoué, hormis quelques accords régionaux, la Fédération Internationale des Associations de Transitaires et Assimilés a pris l’initiative d’éditer des règles de nature purement contractuelle, laissant le choix à ses membres de s’y référer lorsqu’ils s’engagent comme entrepreneurs de transport multimodal.Actuellement, une convention internationale connue sous le nom de « Règles de Rotterdam » a été élaborée pour régir un transport transmaritime, celle-ci ayant pour but d’uniformiser les droits et obligations des parties. Nous analyserons son impact sur ceux de l’entrepreneur de transport qu’il agisse comme chargeur ou transporteur. De même, la connaissance de la teneur de la loi applicable, telle que déterminée par les règles de conflit de lois, permettra au praticien de mieux appréhender la résolution des litiges. / The international transport of goods has developed thanks to the containerization and the increase in the world-wide exchanges. For the organizers of transport, this has led to greater responsibility and created some legal unsecurity. The French transport commissioner (Commissionaire de transport) gives less problems regarding the legal system applicable to him while his foreign counterparts engaged in the organization of transport were not prepared for the majority to this evolution, and therefore, many disputes have arisen concerning their qualification. Indeed, the foreign organizers that we shall designate as transport intermediary or freight forwarder can, according to their engagement, act like « agent » or « principal ». In order to be able to determine their exact legal qualification, the criteria allowing their distinction will be analyzed through the jurisprudence. Besides, the extent of their obligations and legal or contractual responsibilities will be tackled. Indeed, in all the countries, national associations of professionals of transport have worked out varied and diversified general conditions to regulate the activities of their members. By this very fact, the analysis of the opposability of purely contractual clauses proves to be necessary, and therefore, any comparative study between the various legal systems or contractual frameworks will allow a pragmatic and legal approach helping the resolution of litigations. The development of multimodal transport, thanks to the containerization, has led to multiple attempts to standardize the system applicable to the transport operator, as it may currently be the case for carriers governed by unimodal conventions. These attempts of standardization for establishing an international convention having all failed, apart from few regional agreements, the International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations have taken the initiative to publish rules of purely contractual nature, giving their members the choice to refer thereto when they engage as multimodal transport operators.At present, an international convention known under the name of « Rotterdam Rules » has been worked out to govern a transmaritime transport, having for aim to standardize the rights and obligations of the parties. We shall analyze its impact on the transport operator whether acting as shipper or carrier. Likewise, the knowledge of the content of the applicable law, as determined by the rules of conflict of laws, will enable a practitioner to better grasp the resolution of litigations.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-07-01T14:49:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Venancio Da Silva.pdf: 1612176 bytes, checksum: f4a65a67c6e926bca48180e5eff07fe1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T14:49:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Venancio Da Silva.pdf: 1612176 bytes, checksum: f4a65a67c6e926bca48180e5eff07fe1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Due to the globalization, the numbers of international companies are in continuous expansion, along with logistics service providers which offer abilities to deal with relevant complexities to international trade. Freight Forwarders are considered the main international trade intermediaries. They are responsible for all functions involved in transport after the cargo is available. Therefore, selecting a freight forwarder and the criteria considered in this selection are important elements in the success of a company. This work’s purpose is to identify and classify the utilization degree of the criteria considered in international transport selection process of less than a container load (LCL), maritime modal, from the perspective of the Brazilian freight forwarders. After the literature review, 52 sub-criteria were identified, which were analyzed and organized into 13 criteria. The study was conducted with 6 freight forwarders, 2 small-sized, 2 medium-sized and 2 large-sized. This research concludes that the utilization degree of the criteria considered in the international transport of LCL, maritime modal, is influenced by the size of the companies studied. The price is the most widely used criterion for small-sized freight forwarders while delivery is the most widely used criterion for medium-sized and large-sized freight forwarders. This research concludes further that the environmental criterion is not used by importers and exporters in the selection process a freight forwarder. / Por causa da globalização, o número de empresas que operam no exterior está em contínua ampliação, juntamente com os prestadores de serviços que oferecem a capacidade de lidar com as complexidades pertinentes ao comércio internacional. Os agentes de cargas são considerados os principais intermediários no comércio internacional. Sua tarefa é gerenciar todas as funções envolvidas no transporte após a disponibilização das respectivas cargas. Assim sendo, a seleção de um agente de cargas e os critérios considerados nessa seleção são elementos importantes no sucesso de uma empresa. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e classificar o grau de utilização dos critérios considerados no processo de seleção de transporte internacional de carga fracionada, modal marítimo, sob a ótica dos agentes de cargas brasileiros de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Após a revisão da literatura foram identificados 52 subcritérios, que foram analisados e agrupados em 13 critérios. O estudo de caso foi realizado junto a 6 agentes de cargas, sendo 2 de pequeno porte, 2 de médio porte e 2 de grande porte. Conclui-se nos casos estudados que o grau de utilização dos critérios considerados no transporte internacional de carga fracionada, modal marítimo, são influenciados pelo porte das empresas estudadas. Para os agentes de cargas de pequeno porte o preço é o critério mais utilizado enquanto para os agentes de cargas de médio e grande porte, a entrega é o critério mais utilizado. Conclui-se ainda que o critério ambiental não é utilizado pelos importadores e exportadores durante o processo de seleção de um agente de cargas independente do porte analisado.

This diploma thesis deals with stress analysis central joint of forest forwarder LVS 511. Stress analysis has been performed by finite element method (FEM) using the program NX I-deas. The diploma thesis was conducted in cooperation with the firm Strojírna novotný s.r.o.