My purpose throughout this paper is to define the importance of the fountain, both as an artifact and an image found throughout Medieval Western European Art. I intend to show by means of architectural and graphic variations, how this motif becomes an identifiable object artistically and functionally inherent in the art of the latter Middle Ages. The destruction, displacement or disappearance of the majority of Medieval fountains dictates a study of a relatively small number which have survived, with particular attention to manuscripts, to literature and to any extent drawings and engravings. In a number of instances I deemed it necessary to select only a few examples to illustrate any given aspect. Chapter one defines the variations of fountain types, clarifying the formation of a tradition embedded in Biblical or literary manuscript pictorial imagery. Chapter two deals with the role of the fountain in relation to the community. The Fonte Maggiore at Perügia stands as a supreme example of how the civic fountain not only functions as a source of water supply, but also by means of its encyclopedic sculptural program, becomes a communicative medium expressing the social, the political and the historical content of a Medieval Italian commune. Furthermore, the highly sophisticated sculptural program clearly defines the direction in which Italian thirteenth century sculpture was to progressively develop. The third chapter deals with the fountain as a symbol. Again, literary tradition construes the pictorial function of the image. The most important literary source finds the fountain symbolically functioning as the Fountain of Life. Two fifteenth century paintings of the Fountain of Life, capitalize the importance of this image in the closing generations of the Middle Ages. Deeply impregnated in Biblical tradition, the Fountain of Life demonstrates the artists' ability to formulate iconographic concepts into a clear, cohesive pattern. No matter what form the fountain may take, there does exist a similar function in each case - that of satisfying man's desire, either physically or through the mental image. One may assume therefore, all Medieval fountains exist for a particular function. The fountain as an image of any given society maintains its primary function, that of satisfying our physical desire for water. It is not surprising to find our modern fountain designers replacing the human, physical relationship with a less functional aspect, that of an entirely aesthetic motivation. Therefore, perhaps the major difference between Medieval and Modern fountains tends to be in their nature of functionalism, the former acting as a catalyst of a society, the latter becoming visually, aesthetically oriented in a new tradition. The fountain as an image defines the importance of art as a transmitter of images in the realm of values and beliefs, therefore, defining the key role of the artist as an agent of image formulation. Hence, this study functions as an exercise in the examination of imagery operative in the creation of an artifact for a better understanding of its significance. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / The major work for this thesis is the creation of a sculpture, constructed as an independently running fountain. The sculpture is composed of ceramic figures, and is installed at the M.I.T. Student Center Library. The written paper begins with a statement about water and traces the myth of Arethusa, the subject of my fountain sculpture, through references in Greek lyrics. The next section selects Presocratic thought as one basis for ideas about water and continues with discussion of poetic allusions to fountains survey of selected public fountains from several historical periods is undertaken to illustrate the change in sculptural design and purpose of these structures through history. Next the sculptural and environmental aspects of making this thesis fountain are discussed, with accompanying photographs. A brief chapter of my own poetry is included as well. / by Elizabeth Mary Cavicchi. / M.S.V.S.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Yaw A. Owusu, Florida State University, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Dept. of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 14, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 78 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

This research presents the results of two interrelated sets of experiments examining the dynamics of plumes and fountains in two-layer and continuously stratified environments. The first study examines the evolution of an axisymmetric turbulent fountain in a two-layer stratified environment. Interacting with the interface, the fountain is observed to exhibit three regimes of flow. It may penetrate the interface but nonetheless return to the source where it spreads as a radially propagating gravity current; the return flow may be trapped at the interface where it spreads as a radially propagating intrusion or it may do both. These regimes have been classified using empirically determined regime parameters which govern the relative initial momentum of the fountain and the relative density difference of the fountain and the ambient fluid. The maximum vertical distance travelled by the fountain in a two-layer fluid has been theoretically determined by extending the theory developed for fountains in a homogeneous environment. The theory compares favourably with experimental measurements. We have also developed a theory to analyse the initial speeds of the resulting radial currents. We found that the currents exhibited two different regimes of flow. The second study presents experimental results of the generation of internal gravity waves by a turbulent buoyant plume impinging upon the interface between a uniform density layer of fluid and a linearly stratified layer. The wave field is observed and its properties measured non-intrusively using axisymmetric Schlieren. In particular, we determine the fraction of the energy flux associated with the plume at the neutral buoyancy level that is extracted by the waves. On average, this was found to be approximately 4 per cent. Within the limits of the experimental parameters, the maximum vertical displacement amplitude of waves were found to depend linearly upon the maximum penetration height of the plume beyond the neutral level. The frequency of the waves was found to lie in a narrow range relative to the buoyancy frequency. The results are used to interpret the generation of waves in the atmosphere by convective storms impinging upon the tropopause via the mechanical oscillator effect. / Applied Mathematics

No description available.

Pretoria is a city that was founded upon the abundant availability of fresh water. The source of this water can be found in a valley just south of the city centre, today known as Fountains Valley. Here the water surfaces from the depths at two separate spring eyes, forming the origins of the Apies River. Ultimately the Fountains Valley can be viewed as the origin of the city itself – the reason that made it possible for it to exist by providing fresh water of exceptional quality as it still does to the present day. In addition to the natural features, the Valley contains several sites of great historical and cultural significance. Despite their importance they now only serve as markers in the landscape, unknown to many, and bears silent testimony to the events that help shape the city, its identity as a place and the identity of those who reside in it. This dissertation will explore the potential of architecture to act as an agent in reviving the forgotten identity of the Fountains Valley, by redefining those lost elements and in order to truly understand and appreciate the significance of place and place identity and its ability to shape the identity of the individual. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2015. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

"In order to gain an adequate idea of the sanitary condition of the drinking fountains on the North Texas State Teachers College campus, it was found necessary to approach these bacteriological studies from a seasonal point of view."--1.

Submitted by João Dannemann (joaodannemann67@gmail.com) on 2018-12-13T19:46:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquitetura da água_dannemann.pdf: 28554566 bytes, checksum: 27d103884e8b1ba5c2bc183ae77886a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ramon Santana (ramonds@ufba.br) on 2018-12-17T17:03:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquitetura da água_dannemann.pdf: 28554566 bytes, checksum: 27d103884e8b1ba5c2bc183ae77886a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-17T17:03:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquitetura da água_dannemann.pdf: 28554566 bytes, checksum: 27d103884e8b1ba5c2bc183ae77886a0 (MD5) / A tese, do tipo estudo de caso, visa a oferecer subsídios para a legibilidade de fontes e chafarizes, remanescentes da antiga rede pública de abastecimento de água de Salvador da Bahia, construídos entre os séculos XVI e XX, como etapa protocolar contributiva para sua preservação. Selecionou-se ao todo 22 equipamentos, 15 fontes e 7 chafarizes públicos. As unidades hidráulicas foram contextualizadas ao desenvolvimento urbano. A aproximação com os campos da arte, linguagem e do restauro possibilitou caracterizá-las axiologicamente, pela historicidade, função e forma, potencializando sua leitura como conjunto monumental arquitetônico. O estudo foi realizado a partir de autores da historiografia, da análise de documentos do Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia (APEB), do Arquivo Histórico Municipal de Salvador (AHMS) e das Fallas dos Presidentes da Província, da iconografia cartográfica e fotográfica, além da consulta a periódicos e publicações acadêmicas correlatas ao abastecimento de água soteropolitano. Em complemento, recorreu-se à geografia, hidrologia e ao estudo da forma urbana e da linguagem. A pesquisa de campo embasou o diagnóstico e revelou suas condições físicas e de uso atuais, bem como sua visibilidade na paisagem. Seis seções compõem a estrutura da tese, sendo a primeira a introdução. Na segunda seção, foram feitas considerações metodológicas preliminares com base na evolução do campo do restauro arquitetônico. Nas seções seguintes, as fontes e chafarizes de Salvador são posicionadas em três quadros: o primeiro, histórico, urbano e patrimonial. O segundo, ambiental, estrutural e formal. Por fim, no terceiro quadro, material e cognitivo, discute-se a legibilidade como meio para a preservação dos referidos equipamentos. Considerações finais, referências, anexos e apêndices completam o texto. A pesquisa revelou o heterogêneo estado de conservação dos exemplares selecionados, fato que se associou à sua dispersão no zoneamento urbano. Pretendeu-se, com este estudo, contribuir para a preservação de fontes e chafarizes históricos de Salvador, conferindo-lhes maior legibilidade e coesão, a partir de sua interpretação como uma linguagem da organização espacial. / The case-study thesis aims to provide subsidies for the legibility of water sources and fountains, remnants of the former public water supply network of Salvador da Bahia, built between the 16th and 20th centuries, as a protocolary step for its preservation. A total of 22 equipments, 15 water sources and 7 public fountains were selected. The hydraulic units were contextualized to the urban development. The approach to the fields of art, language and restoration made it possible to characterize them axiologically, by historicity, function and form, enhancing their reading as a monumental architectural ensemble. The study was carried out by authors of historiography, the analysis of documents from the Public Archive of the State of Bahia (APEB), the Municipal Historical Archive of Salvador (AHMS) and the Fallas of Presidents of the Province, cartographic and photographic iconography, and the consultation of journals and academic publications related to the water supply. In addition, it was used geography, hydrology, and the study of urban form and language. Field research grounded the diagnosis and revealed its current physical and use conditions as well as its visibility in the landscape. Six sections make up the structure of the thesis, the first being the introduction. In the second section, preliminary methodological considerations were made based on the evolution of the field of architectural restoration. In the following sections, Salvador's water sources and fountains are placed in three frames: the first, historical, urban and patrimonial. The second, environmental, structural and formal. Finally, in the third framework, material and cognitive, legibility is discussed as a means for the preservation of such equipment. Final considerations, references, attachments and appendices complete the text. The research revealed the heterogeneous state of conservation of the selected equipments, a fact that was associated with their dispersion in urban zoning. The aim of this study was to contribute to the preservation of historical water sources and fountains in Salvador, giving them greater legibility and cohesion, based on their interpretation as a language of spatial organization.

Also presented as the author's doctoral dissertation as accepted by Universität Augsburg in 2000 with title: Wasserreichtum in der römischen Stadt.