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The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the connection between pictures and text in three textbooks, in english, in the expectation to reach a didactic perspective that can facilitate in working with texts with students, in fourth grade.  How well do pictures and text correspond with each other in three textbooks that have been chosen for the fourth grade, in english?  What are the differences and similarities between the three textbooks seen from a multimodal perspecive? The result showed that there was an interaction between the different types of text types and the images, in all three textbooks. The heading of each chapter is a clue to what the content of the text will be about. The images are well connected to the text and they also reenforce the content of the text. This connection between the pictures used in the chapter and the text can help readers better understand the content of the text.

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) was used to measure Indonesian fourth grade elementary school students’ reading comprehension in 2006 and 2011. Indonesian students scored among the lowest of the participating countries with a score of 405 in 2006 and 428 in 2011, with the PIRLS average scale score being 500. These results raised questions about the alignment of the Indonesian curriculum with PIRLS. Alignment research between the PIRLS 2021 frameworks and the Curr13 language standards and textbooks (the current Indonesian curriculum) was conducted to provide Kemendikbud (Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture) with a prediction of students’ performance in future PIRLS. The alignment research was mixed methods research with an exploratory sequential design (a three-phase design). The first phase was qualitative data collection and analysis. Alignment instruments were developed using the components of Webb, NAEP ESSI, and HumRRO alignment models. The second phase identified features to be tested, where I revised the alignment instruments, guidelines, and codebook based on the first phase and created a new table. The revised instruments were then used to align Curr13 and PIRLS. The third phase was quantitative calculation using Webb's quantitative criteria (categorical concurrence, depth-of-knowledge consistency [DOK], range-of-knowledge correspondence, and balance of representation) and descriptive statistics. After the three phases, the interpretation used both the qualitative and quantitative data. The results found inconsistencies between Curr13 and PIRLS frameworks. There was no categorical concurrence between PIRLS frameworks and Curr13 unit assessments. Curr13 language standards and unit assessments did not include one PIRLS framework, evaluating and critiquing content and textual elements. This resulted in the absence of DOK for this framework. One PIRLS framework mostly covered by Curr13 language standards and unit assessments was interpreting and integrating ideas and information. DOK and balance of representation were achieved in this framework. Two PIRLS frameworks on comprehension processes (focusing on and retrieving explicitly stated information and making straightforward inferences) aligned to Curr13 and had a balance of representation but weak DOK. Meanwhile, Curr13 unit resources mostly aligned to one of two reading purposes in the PIRLS framework, acquiring and using information, but was weakly aligned with the other one, literary experience. The implication of research findings was to support Kemendikbud in predicting students’ performance in future PIRLS participation by examining the inconsistencies between Curr13 and PIRLS. Recommendations were provided for the elementary school teachers, students, parents, publishers, policymakers, local governments, and other elementary school stakeholders to be familiar with and understand PIRLS. The role of AKSI should also be maximized. In addition, the concept and practice of curriculum alignment should be introduced and enacted into the educational system in Indonesia.

During the past 80 years, similar descriptions of a hyperactive behavior pattern in children have appeared in medical, educational, and psychological literature. Hyperactivity has been conceptualized as a character disorder, an organic disorder, and, most recently, as a behavior disorder. In this study, hyperactivity was explained in interactional terms, using Rotter's social learning theory of personality. Little consideration has been given in research to the influence of an abnormally high activity level upon personality development during childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the general influence of negative interactions associated with hyperactivity upon the organization of four personality constructs: locus of control, self-esteem, trait anxiety, and state anxiety.

This study attempted to investigate and describe the implementation and evaluation of meta-cognitive reading comprehension strategies taught in the context of the Success For All Reading Wings program. Five teachers of fourth and fifth grade classrooms, with limited experience in a Success For All Reading Wings program at a Northern California elementary school, were sampled on a Literacy Orientation Survey (LOS), a survey of their beliefs and practices in their teaching of reading, individually interviewed about reading instruction and practices, and observed instructing students in reading comprehension using two reading strategies: clarification and summarization. The findings of the study revealed that teaching style, beliefs and practices are determined through the Literacy Orientation Survey (LOS), as well as through teacher interviews and classroom observations. Direct instruction, modeling, cooperative learning, and reciprocal teaching were used. Students were observed using meta-cognitive reading strategies, particularly clarification and summarization. Also, students improved during the ten week study in the quality of their discussions of expository text, used more questions at a higher critical level of thinking, based on Bloom's taxonomy, and achieved higher comprehension test scores on reading selections as determined by district norm-referenced tests. Implications for teaching and research are presented.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the total achievement scores and teacher ratings of pupils in three fourth grades in Chico and Decatur elementary schools to determine differences, if any, in the rate of progress between boys and girls and in teacher ratings. A secondary purpose was to make a study of individual differences in achievement and to make a number of case studies of pupils in one school.

The purpose of the study is to make a comparison of the achievement and personality traits of a selected group of pupils to determine differences and relationships existing between these important factors, and to study their significance for the classroom teacher.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect that socio-economic status has upon the intelligence and achievement of 120 fourth-grade pupils. Ninety of the fourth-grade pupils were enrolled in the Denison Elementary Schools, Denison, Texas, and thirty of the fourth-grade pupils were enrolled in an independent school, one mile outside the Denison city limits.

This study investigated the effects of teacher background variables on fourth grade reading achievement data collected from the 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) using a causal-comparative research design. Teacher quality variables related to teacher credentials, instructional methods, training, and support were selected from the NAEP background questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to examine teacher background information and fourth grade reading NAEP scaled scores using measures of central tendency, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and Tukey’s HSD post hoc analysis. Findings suggest that certain teacher quality variables positively impact fourth grade reading achievement. Significant differences existed among fourth grade reading scaled scores for the following variables: teaching credentials [region (p < .05), traditional preparation route (p < .001), highest degree earned(p < .05), years of experience (p < .001)]; instructional methods [reading aloud by students (p < .01), questioning character motives (p < .01), student selection of reading materials (p < .001), explaining/supporting text (p < .05), identifying main theme (p < .001), time spent on reading (p < .001), primary language arts integration (p < .05)]; teacher support [instructional grade level support/technical assistance by reading specialist (p < .05) and mentoring (p < .05)]. This study expands the current literature on teacher quality by exploring the effects of teacher variables on reading achievement.

"The problem of this study is to determine whether the hobbies of the fourth and fifth grade boys of the public schools in Denton, Texas, are contributing to their social needs. It is believed that the intangible attributes of living, which can be mearsured neither by rule nor square, make for the well-rounded, happy, social, individual, whether he be adult or child. The degree to which an individual is adjusted socially ranges from the completely anti-social type to the fully-integrated type. The reasons for this gradation are numerous. They include the influence of the home, the school, and the playmates, as well as other factors in the general environment of the child. The purpose of this investigation is to discover whether the hobbies of the boys under consideration are potential and actual forces for integration and socialization."--leaf 1.