Uppsatsen undersöker om antropologiskt kunskap kan implementeras i Logical Framework Approach (LFA) –metoden för att förbättra den. LFA är en projektplaneringsmetod som bland annat används inom utvecklingsprojekt. Olika publiceringar om LFA har studerats för att få fram för- och motargument. Vidare har antropologiska publiceringar om hur antropologi kan användas inom utveckling- och biståndsprojekt legat till grund för att analysera LFA, och se om och isåfall var antropologisk kunskap kan användas för att förbättra den. Resultatet presenteras i form redovisning på var metoden får kritik samt hur antropologisk kunskap kan bidra till förbättring i det specifika området. / The thesis seeks to examine whether anthropological knowledge can improve the Logical Framework Approach (LFA). LFA is a widespread project planning method that is used in development projects. Various publications about LFA have been studied to identify arguments in favor of, and against the method. Furthermore, anthropological publications on how anthropology can be used in development and aid projects forms the foundations for analyzing the LFA. This is performed to see where anthropological knowledge can be applied to improve it. The result is presented by focusing on the criticism to discover how anthropology can contribute to improving the methods in the areas of concern.

<p>A1302</p><p>Introduction: Peru is a country that is undergoing a process of democratic transformation. Local and international development agencies are established in Peru in order to support this process. In the last decade, there has been an encouragement for these agencies to use strategic management in their project work. The Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is an objective-oriented approach that has become widely employed for the planning, implementation and evaluation of development projects. The so called “vertical logic” of the LFA, rests on the assumption that project stakeholders can predetermine and agree on how certain activities will lead to the accomplishment of a hierarchy of formally stated goals.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the applicability of the vertical logic of LFA on development projects in Peru.</p><p>Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this paper is based on theories and arguments raised for and against Management By Objectives (MBO) from which the LFA originates. In addition, the special features of the development sector are discussed in regard to this rational goal approach.</p><p>Method: This paper has been carried out as a Minor Field Study (MFS) in Peru where representatives of local as well as international development agencies have been interviewed.</p><p>Empirical findings and Analysis: This paper highlights the special characteristics of development work in Peru. Projects are typically large with abstract, complex goals and multiple stakeholders. In addition, they are carried out in an environment typified by significant instability and change. These characteristics potentially make some of the features inherent in the vertical logic of LFA, such as strict planning and goal congruency, unrealistic. This potentially limits its usefulness as a strategic management tool.</p>

A1302 Introduction: Peru is a country that is undergoing a process of democratic transformation. Local and international development agencies are established in Peru in order to support this process. In the last decade, there has been an encouragement for these agencies to use strategic management in their project work. The Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is an objective-oriented approach that has become widely employed for the planning, implementation and evaluation of development projects. The so called “vertical logic” of the LFA, rests on the assumption that project stakeholders can predetermine and agree on how certain activities will lead to the accomplishment of a hierarchy of formally stated goals. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the applicability of the vertical logic of LFA on development projects in Peru. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this paper is based on theories and arguments raised for and against Management By Objectives (MBO) from which the LFA originates. In addition, the special features of the development sector are discussed in regard to this rational goal approach. Method: This paper has been carried out as a Minor Field Study (MFS) in Peru where representatives of local as well as international development agencies have been interviewed. Empirical findings and Analysis: This paper highlights the special characteristics of development work in Peru. Projects are typically large with abstract, complex goals and multiple stakeholders. In addition, they are carried out in an environment typified by significant instability and change. These characteristics potentially make some of the features inherent in the vertical logic of LFA, such as strict planning and goal congruency, unrealistic. This potentially limits its usefulness as a strategic management tool.

Digital transformation has the potential to fundamentally change society. Digitalisation, through new technological solutions and advances, is expected to play a central role in ensuring future prosperity. Although the role of digitisation in society has been recognised, the public sector in Sweden is experiencing problems in realising the identified benefits, with the result that a large proportion of the projects being implemented exceed the set framework, constraints, and resources. The aim of this work has been to evaluate a digitisation project in the public sector through a qualitative case study and a goal-oriented framework. The case study has investigated which assumptions emerge in a digitisation project and how the realisation of benefits is affected by these. The evaluation carried out has shown that two different types of assumptions have occurred in the project, these have been formal and informal assumptions. The study has shown that assumptions create legitimacy and conditions for realisation within a digitisation project, while at the same time they create tensions within the project. The tensions show both enabling and constraining dimensions that have affected the project's implementation and benefit realisation positively and negatively. This study has identified a need to extend the work on assumptions in the LFA and has therefore proposed a model that illustrates the relationship of the two types to each other and to the project and its benefit realisation. The evaluation of the digitisation project has shown that the project team prioritised ensuring relevance and sustainability over feasibility, which created tensions in project implementation that negatively affected the realisation of benefits within the project. This study has shown that assumptions are often a "necessary evil" in relation to a project's impact capture, but are facilitated by good structure and clear leadership. / Digital transformation har potential att förändra samhället i grunden. Digitalisering genom nya tekniska lösningar och framsteg, spås besitta en central roll när framtidens välfärd ska säkras. Trots att digitaliseringens roll i samhället är konstaterad, upplever offentlig sektor i Sverige problem med att realisera de identifierade nyttorna. Detta har medfört att en stor del av projekten som genomförs, överskrider uppsatta ramar, begränsningar och resurser. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att genom en kvalitativ fallstudie, via intervjuer, dokumentinsamling samt ett mål-orienterat ramverk, utvärdera ett digitaliseringsprojekt inom offentlig sektor. Fallstudien har utrett vilka antaganden som framträder i ett digitaliseringsprojekt och hur nyttorealiseringen påverkats av dessa. Utvärderingen som utförts har visat att två olika typer av antaganden förekommit inom projektet, dessa har varit formella- och informella antaganden. Studien har visat att antaganden skapar legitimering av- samt förutsättningar för realisering inom ett digitaliseringsprojekt, samtidigt som de skapar spänningar inom projektet. Spänningarna visar på både möjliggörande och begränsande dimensioner vilka påverkat projektets genomförande och nyttorealisering positivt samt negativt. Denna undersökning har identifierat ett behov, att i LFA utöka arbetet med antaganden och har därför föreslagit en modell vilken illustrerar de två typernas relation till varandra samt till projektet och dess nyttorealisering. Utvärderingen av digitaliseringsprojektet har visat att projektgruppen prioriterat säkring av relevans och varaktighet framför genomförbarhet, vilket skapat spänningar i projektgenomförandet som påverkat nyttorealiseringen inom projektet negativt. Denna studie har visat att antaganden ofta kan ses som ett ”nödvändigt ont” i relation till ett projekts effekthemtagning/nyttorealisering, men som underlättas av bra struktur och tydligt ledarskap.

This thesis focuses on the development proposal on the use of multimedia in primary and secondary schools. It specifies the conditions and requirements of entrepreneurs, who implement their business plan for development education and multimedia. Includes document preparation for applying for funding to support schools in the South Region in the development of multimedia in teaching.

The topic of the thesis focuses on the management of projects funded by the EU. In the first part I provide basic information about possibility of withdrawing funds from the EU. I describe operational programmes, funding opportunities and the process of withdrawing finances. I focus on the classification of different types of projects to be financed. The second part focuses on project management itself. I will analyze the project management methodology approved by European Commission for projects funded by the EU -- the logical framework approach. I will analyze whether the logical framework approach covers all phases of the project life cycle defined by the EU. I propose some methods that can be used in practice for different types of project with usage of well-known standard for project management -- PMBOK. The last part includes a case study -- analysis of project "Revitalization of village center in Drnava". Applying the logical framework methodology I will design a logical framework matrix for the village, which is one of the obligatory documents needed for the subsidiary applicants.

The majority of the rural population in developing countries sustains their livelihoods through small-scale family farming on subsistence level. However, agricultural productivity is far from its potential and food insecurity and high absolute poverty rates are widespread challenges in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), including Mozambique. Global actors, such as the World Bank (WB), frequently publish policy guidelines, strategy papers and reports, all aiming at tackling the focal problem of low agricultural productivity and claiming to be dedicated to the overall goal of economic, social, inclusive and sustainable development. But as agricultural productivity rates in many developing countries remain low, and food insecurity rates have been high for several decades, the adequacy of global policy guidelines for local structures, conditions and needs is questionable. The aim of this study is therefore to analyze the suitability of and identify possible discrepancies between global strategies – that claim to raise agricultural productivity and food security – and the local level. A strong emphasis is placed on a people-centered, local grassroots perspective. To gather data, a five-week field study in Lago District, Mozambique, was carried out, following an abductive approach and using semi-structured interviews on household level, and with a variety of other stakeholders from the public and private sector. The Logical Framework Approach was applied to structure the findings from the WB report and from the field work, with the aim to create a basis for the analysis and comparison of that data, which provides an answer to the research problem of the suitability of global policies on local level. Additional analytical guidance is provided by the concept of human security and a gender perspective. Conclusions from the study demonstrate that the neoliberal point of departure and the different understandings of small-scale farming underlying the problem and objective of (low) agricultural productivity rates identified by the WB, are not coherent in comparison to the local situation identified in Lago District. The development interventions suggested by the WB rather tend to be an obstacle for sustainable rural and agricultural development, as well as local food security/sovereignty, poverty alleviation and inclusive economic growth in the context of Lago District.

p. 1-127 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-02-26T17:18:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 666.pdf: 12363039 bytes, checksum: 458e5a1b1d632ea3d1eda66278af79f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-03-13T20:22:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 666.pdf: 12363039 bytes, checksum: 458e5a1b1d632ea3d1eda66278af79f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-13T20:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 666.pdf: 12363039 bytes, checksum: 458e5a1b1d632ea3d1eda66278af79f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / A gestão de projetos de desenvolvimento territorial está sendo, de forma crescente, confrontada com os desafios da localização e da sustentabilidade. Neste contexto, se questiona se os tradicionais modelos de gestão de projetos, fundamentados ainda no pensamento mecanicista e reducionista, podem fazer frente a estes desafios. Esta pesquisa procura, de forma indutiva, buscar respostas para esta questão, partindo da sistematização do caso do “Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentado da Costa dos Coqueiros”, analisando discursos da academia e das agências de assistência técnica ao desenvolvimento, bem como estudando dois modelos de referência em gestão de projetos, o Logical Framework Approach e o Project Management Body of Knowledge. Resulta destas análises a conclusão de que a concepção e a administração de projetos de desenvolvimento territorial, além de serem fortemente influenciadas pelo contexto local, requerem uma nova forma de abordagem, de caráter mais endógeno, que promova a capacitação, a participação e o empoderamento efetivo dos beneficiários e dos demais atores locais envolvidos. / Salvador

The purpose of the current study was two-fold. Firstly, to explore and describe how school staff members, learners and parents collaborate to prevent violence at two urban secondary schools and secondly, to help school staff members, parents and policymakers to gain a better understanding of the complex and multi-faceted problem of addressing school violence, which should result in guiding them to adopt effective strategies to prevent violence. The ecosystemic perspective, which is an integration of ecological and systems theories combined with the typology of violence, was the theoretical lens through which the phenomenon of adolescent learner violence was viewed. The study was rooted in the sociological interpretative research paradigm and a qualitative descriptive and exploratory case study design was employed. Multi-method data collection strategies (individual, dyad, triad and group interviews; document reviews) were employed to obtain trustworthy data from the three population units of analysis (school staff members, learners and parents) at the two selected urban secondary school sites situated in Johannesburg, South Africa. The inductive qualitative content analysis of the framework approach was used to give a transparent account of the data analysis process. Constant comparative analysis was employed to discover the emergent themes. The main research findings were interpreted by relating the results to the research purpose, the socio-ecological theoretical framework and the existing knowledge base on collaborative strategies for violence prevention. The findings of the current study suggest that family-school collaboration in violence prevention is especially important for families with adolescent children. Adolescence is characterised by many physical and psychological changes and development. Adolescents strive to find their independence and establish their own identities. However, this experimentation may lead to risk-taking or antisocial behaviour. Contrary to current belief, the findings of the current study suggest that adolescent learners want their parents to be involved in their lives and that parents want to support their children’s education but may lack the know-how. The learners explicitly expressed their need for the support and guidance of both their parents and also the school staff members in withstanding the peer and societal pressures that can result in their acting in aggressive or violent ways at school. To promote the positive development of all young people, the school staff members and most centrally young people and their families, must actively work together to establish positive and effective family-school collaborative partnerships as part of their violence prevention strategies. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

"Thanks to significant worldwide research directed at understanding and predicting structural behavior at elevated temperatures, analytical methods are available to support a rational, performance-based approach to the structural design of buildings for fire conditions. To utilize these analytical methods effectively, structural engineers need guidance on reliable and appropriate approaches to dealing with a variety of factors, including the effects of fire protection measures, temperature-dependent thermal and structural properties, elastic and inelastic behavior of structural components and assemblies, and thermal and structural response of framing connections. To meet the objective of guiding the structural engineer in appropriate analytical methods and parameter values for performance-based structural fire protection, this thesis proposes a comprehensive way of thinking about the design and analysis of structures for fire conditions. This integration of structural engineering and fire protection engineering into a functional framework is defined herein as Fire-Robust Structural Engineering (FRSE). The FRSE process, which is presented as a series of flowcharts, is designed to guide the structural engineer in executing the functions involved in the design of fire-safe structures and to help identify informational needs critical to these tasks. Currently, mechanisms for identifying possible resources to fulfill fire-related informational needs are generally organized for the convenience of the fire research community. Identification of resources that provide appropriate information for fire-robust structural engineering, such as laboratory fire test results, parametric studies of analytical methods, and other sources of guidance, is often difficult because these resources are rarely organized and presented for the benefit of structural engineers. To begin to resolve this problem, this thesis has developed a prototype information management system (IMS) based on the framework of the FRSE process. The IMS addresses the critical challenge of organizing and presenting the available knowledge and data in a format that is consistent with the perspective and informational needs of the structural engineer. The prototype version of the IMS has been implemented using a Microsoft Excel® platform. In addition to guidance in utilizing specific analytical methods and choosing appropriate parameter values, the structural engineer also requires an understanding of the input requirements and accuracy of various analytical methods in order to make informed decisions regarding which methods are appropriate for use with different structural configurations. Therefore, this thesis includes a model study as an example of a resource that could aid the structural engineer in making such decisions. The model study compares various analytical methods (simplified spreadsheet applications and advanced finite element techniques) to published laboratory test data and discusses concerns that the structural engineer must keep in mind when using each method. Conclusions are drawn regarding the appropriateness of each analytical method to the analysis of a fully restrained, spray-protected steel beam. Given this type of information, the structural engineer can make decisions regarding the types of analytical methods and the level of analytical sophistication required to solve a given design problem."