Orientador: Anselmo Gomes de Oliveira / Banca: Anselmo Gomes de Oliveira / Banca: Maria Jacira Silva Simões / Banca: Julieta Ueta / Resumo: A atenção farmacêutica é uma prática onde o farmacêutico tem a responsabilidade para com o paciente quanto às suas necessidades farmacoterapêuticas, garantindo a eficácia do tratamento e a segurança da farmacoterapia utilizando como instrumento o medicamento. A farmácia hospitalar é um órgão de abrangência assistencial técnico-científico e administrativo onde uma de suas principais funções é estabelecer um sistema racional de distribuição de medicamentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o sistema de distribuição de medicamentos de uma farmácia hospitalar de um hospital oncológico, bem como identificar os fatores que levam às falhas no processo de distribuição de medicamento. A pesquisa foi realizada na farmácia central de um Hospital Oncológico do Estado de São Paulo em 2007, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. A amostra constituiu-se de 3 (12%) farmacêuticos 3 (12%) assistentes de farmácia e 19 (76%) atendentes de farmácia. Todos os profissionais foram consultados quanto a sua disposição para participar do estudo e a seguir, os mesmos assinaram o temo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os dados coletados nos mostram que o sistema de distribuição do referido hospital é o sistema por dose individualizada diferenciada, com prescrição eletrônica. Os resultados das observações realizadas durante os 7 dias, indicam o ambiente como principal problema na distribuição de medicamentos (44,77%), pois o local é impróprio, com vários profissionais desenvolvendo atividades diferentes e interrupções freqüentes. Pela observação do ambiente foi possível demonstrar através de fluxogramas todas as ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais da farmácia desde o momento da chegada da prescrição eletrônica até a entrega dos medicamentos à equipe de enfermagem. As entrevistas com os profissionais nos mostram que os tipos de erros mais...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The pharmaceutical care is a practice where the pharmacist has the responsibility in relation to and with the patient regarding their pharmacotherapeutic needs, guaranteeing the treatment efficiency as well as the pharmacotherapy safety having as its instrument the medicine. The hospital pharmacy is an administrative technical-scientific organ where its main function is to establish a rational system of medicine distribution. The aim of this study was to analyze the medicine distribution system in a hospital pharmacy from an oncologic hospital as well as to identify the factors that lead us to failures related to the medicine distribution process. The survey took place at the central pharmacy from an oncologic hospital in the state of São Paulo after approval of the Committee of the Ethics in Research. The sample includes 3 (12%) pharmacists, 3 (12%) pharmacy assistants and 19 (76%) pharmacy attendants. All the professionals were asked about their willingness to participate in the survey and afterwards they signed on the "Free Will Participation Agreement". The collected data show us that the distribution system from the above mentioned hospital is the individually differential dose system, with electronic prescription. The results based on the 7 days observation show the environment as the main problem in the medicine distribution (44.77%) once the place is improper and have several professionals performing different activities as well as frequent interruptions. From the environment observation was possible to demonstrate, through the fluxograms, all the actions performed by the pharmacy professionals from the electronic prescription's arrival until the medicine delivery to the nursing team. The interviews with the professionals show us that the most frequent errors were related to the medicine dispensing (28.05%) and to the medical prescriptions (26.85%); its causes were due... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Délia B. Rodrigyez-Amaya / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T09:15:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cecchi_HeloisaMascia_M.pdf: 3005651 bytes, checksum: 1cfac7978935b58a70a3ab052512ed0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1978 / Resumo: O presente trabalho visa â caracterização de sucos tropicais tipicamente brasileiros, no caso, caju e maracujá, através de um estudo das propriedades físicas, químicas e organolépticas. Os sucos dessas frutas, além da importância no consumo interno, pois são de baixo custo, poderiam trazer mais divisas ao País, com a exportação para diversas partes do mundo. O estudo foi dividido em 2 partes: (1) determinação da composição qualitativa e quantitativa de carotenóides e valor de vitamina A de sucos processados e não processados; e (2) comparação de sucos clarificados e não-clarificados através das propriedades sensoriais e das características físicas e químicas, comumente estudadas em sucos como sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez total, açúcares totais e redutores, ácido ascórbico e taninos, além do conteúdo de carotenóides. A identificação dos carotenóides foi feita através dos espectros de absorção, ordem de saída na coluna cromatográfica, valores de Rf em cromatografia em camada delgada e, em alguns casos, reações químicas específicas. A quantificação realizou-se por meio da absorção máxima, aplicando-se a lei de Beer. A composição qualitativa de carotenóides não variou entre os sucos processados e não-processados, tanto de caju como de maracujá. Nos sucos de caju foram identificados oito carotenóides: a-caroteno, ß-caroteno, ?-caroteno, cis-ß-caroteno, criptoxantina, aurocromo, criptocromo e auroxantina. ß-caroteno foi o pigmento mais abundante e chegou a cerca de 40% nos sucos processados e 50% no suco não-processado do lote de frutas maduras. Foram detectados onze carotenóides nos sucos de maracujá: a-caroteno, ß-caroteno, ?-caroteno, neurosporeno, ?-caroteno, licopeno, aurocromo, auroxantina, criptocromo, uma fração não identificada, e cantaxantina, este último um corante adicionado no suco comercial A. O maior pigmento foi o ?-caroteno com 55% do conteúdo total de carotenóides nos sucos processados e 36% no suco não-processado do lote de frutas não estocadas. A variação existiu realmente na composição quantitativa, pois os carotenóides diminuíram significativamente nos sucos processados. Além disso, houve diferença também entre os lotes dos sucos não-processados, pelos efeitos do grau de maturação, no caso do de caju e do tempo de estocagem das frutas utilizadas, no caso do de maracujá. A quantidade total de carotenóides foi bem maior no suco de maracujá do que no de caju, o que se esperava por causa da cor mais intensa no suco de maracujá. O valor de vitamina A no suco de maracujá também foi maior que para o de caju, mas não proporcionalmente ao total de carotenóides, uma vez que o pigmento encontrado em maior quantidade, no suco de maracujá, foi o ?-caroteno que não tem atividade vitamínica. Alem disso, como se esperava, o total de vitamina A foi menor nos sucos processados e nos sucos não-processados do lote de frutas verdes e estocadas do que no caso do suco não-processado do lote de frutas maduras e não estocadas. Na comparação entre sucos clarificados e não-clarificados, a diferença preponderante foi a perda total dos carotenóides, e conseqüentemente da vitamina A, que não ficam solúveis nos sucos clarificados. Quanto as determinações comumente aplicadas em sucos de frutas, os sólidos solúveis, ácido ascórbico e taninos, foram as propriedades mais afetadas pela remoção da polpa. Do ponto de vista organoléptico, o suco de caju teve diferenças altamente significativas para gosto e odor entre sucos com e sem polpa. A principal diferença no sabor foi a perda de adstringência no suco sem polpa. Já no suco de maracujá não houve diferença de gosto nem de odor entre os sucos clarificados e não-clarificados / Abstract: The present research involves the characterization of tropical, typically Brazilian fruit juices, particularly cashew-apple and passion-fruit, through a study of physical, chemical and organoleptic properties. Aside from their importance in domestic consumption on account of their low cost, these juices could be exported to other parts of the world, bringing in more revenue for the country. The study consisted of two parts: (1) determination of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the carotenoids and the vitamin A value of processed and unprocessed juices; and (2) comparison of clarified and unclarified juices according to sensory properties, physical and chemical characteristics commonly studied in juices, such as soluble solids, pH, total acidity, total and reducing sugars, ascorbic acid and tannins, in addition to the carotenoid content. The carotenoids were identified according to the visible absorption spectra, the order of elution from the chromatographic column, the Rf values in the thin layer plates and, in some cases, specific chemical reactions. The quantitative determination was accomplished by means of the maximum absorbance, applying the Beer's law. The qualitative composition of the carotenoids did not vary between processed and unprocessed juices in both the cashew-apple and passion-fruit. Eight carotenoids were identified in the cashew-apple juices: a-carotene, ß-carotene, ?-carotene, cis-ß-carotene, cryptoxanthin, aurochrome, cryptochrome and auroxanthin. ß-carotene was the predominant carotenoid comprising about 40% of the carotenoid content in the processed juices and 50% in the unprocessed juice obtained from ripe fruits. Eleven carotenoids were detected in passion-fruit juices: a-caroteno, ß-caroteno, ?-caroteno, neurosporeno, ?-caroteno, lycopeno, aurochrome, auroxanthin, cryptochrome, an unidentified fraction and canthaxanthin, the latter being a colorant added to commercial juice A. The major pigment was ?-carotene, consisting 55% of the total carotenoid content in the processed juices and 36% in the unprocessed juice obtained from freshly harvested fruits. Distinct variations were observed in the quantitative composition, since the carotenoids decreased significantly in the processed juices. Differences also existed between batches of the unprocessed juices, due to the stage of maturity in the case of cashew-apple and the storage time of the fruits utilized in the case of passion-fruit. The total carotenoid content of passion-fruit was much higher than that of cashew-apple, which was to be expected from the more intense color of the passion-fruit juice. The vitamin A value of the passion-fruit juice was also higher than that of cashew-apple, but the difference was not proportional to the total carotenoids content, since the principal pigment in passion-fruit juice was ?-carotene wich does not have any provitamin A activity Futhermore, the vitamin A value, as expected, was lower for processed juices and unprocessed juices obtained from batches of unripe and stored fruits, as compared with unprocessed juices taken from batches of ripe and fresh fruits. In comparing clarified and unclarified juices, the predominant difference was the total lose of carotenoids, and consequently vitamin A, which were insoluble in the clarified juices. Regarding the determinations which are usually applied to fruit juices, the soluble solids, ascorbic acid and tannins were most affected by the removal of the pulp. From the organoleptic evaluation of cashew-apple juice, highly significant differences in odor and taste existed between juices with and without pulp. The main difference in taste was the loss of astringency in the juice without pulp. In the passion-fruit juices, no difference was observed in taste and odor in clarified and unclarified juices / Mestrado / Ciência de Alimentos / Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

Orientador: Antonio Jose de Almeida Meirelles / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T04:14:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_MariaCristinaBevitoriMaffiade_D.pdf: 1030061 bytes, checksum: 09d38b246c110d22aef5053eebddef4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Doutorado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

Orientador: Lucia Maria Valente Soares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T15:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_AnaPaula_D.pdf: 595689 bytes, checksum: cda4d7085f5c6db783877dfbe2faa86c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

The purposes of this study are (1) to determine the ascorbic acid content of a variety of fruit juices available in Denton, Texas, during March to July, 1943; (2) to ascertain the loss of ascorbic acid when canned grapefruit, orange, pineapple, and apple juices are opened and stored in the home refrigerator for several days' use; and (3) by means of data obtained, to make recommendations as to the most advantageous ways of using one's "points" in purchasing canned fruit juices for their ascorbic acid value.

The main objective of this project is to gain an understanding of the internalization of Escherichia coli in the tissues of apples. This broad statement includes the rate of internalization in young versus mature apples as well as injured versus non-injured apples. Five apple varieties, Redfree, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Rome Beauty and York Imperial, were used to compare differences and similarities in structure and ability to internalize the pathogen. Both the surrogate species, E. coli ATCC 25922, and the pathogen, E. coli O157:H7, were used for field and lab studies, respectively. Internalization of E. coli in apples under natural environmental conditions was addressed in the first study using a controlled outdoor setting. Escherichia coli species (ATCC 25922) was used as an alternative to the pathogenic species. The bacterial culture was applied to topsoil and spread evenly on a 6x6-foot area. Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Rome Beauty apples were placed randomly on the soil much like a drop or windfall apple. The position was noted as to whether the apple fell calyx up, down or on its side. Apples were examined for the presence of E. coli and sampled on days 1, 3, 8, and 10. Skin, flesh, inner, and outer core samples were plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with cycloheximide and MUG to ease in identification. Escherichia coli was found in the inner core and flesh samples of all apple varieties, indicating the potential for infiltration by the organism outside laboratory conditions. The second study determined the rate of internalization in immature apples. Redfree was used in a long-term study in which individual apples were spray inoculated at the beginning of the growing season with E. coli ATCC 25922 at 104 cfu/apple. The apples were picked on days 1, 30 and 60, and sectioned into skin, flesh, inner and outer cores. The remaining four apples species were used in an intensive, two-week study. In the long-term study, apples were inoculated two weeks prior to harvest and picked every other day until harvest. The surrogate E. coli was not found in the apples after day 1. Other coliforms, such as E. vulneris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Kl. ozaenae were present in each pick. The two-week study showed higher rates of internalization in Red and Golden Delicious than in Rome and York, with the E. coli present in all four sections of the apples. Red Delicious apples showed a trend of increasing counts of bacteria over the two-week period with initial counts ranging from less than one cfu/ml to final counts as high as 2.64±1.90 log cfu/ml. Again Klebsiella species and E. vulneris were found in the apples. Microscopy was used for imaging of the apples tissues. Morphological differences were found in the skin, where lenticel presence or absence may affect internalization. Differences were also shown in the flesh where cell wall thickness was shown to vary depending on variety. Imaging thick sections of skin showed cuticle cracks and thickness, which also vary depending on the apple variety. This study indicates that internalization occurs at a high degree in drop apples and to a limited extent in tree apples. However, with the low infective dose required for illness, it is necessary to instate strict regulations to ensure safety. The most effective treatment involves the inclusion of a five-log reduction of the target organism, E. coli O157:H7. This reduction can be obtained through one step or the combination of two or more steps. / Master of Science

An electrophoretic methodology with UV detection was developed for determinations the main organic acids contained in fresh fruit juice and industrialized fruits juices produced in Sergipe/Brazil and sold in markets and supermarkets of Lagarto, Itabaiana and Aracaju. Oxalic, tartaric, citric, gallic and ascorbic (L aa) organic acids were separate and quantified in grape, orange, lemon, carambola, umbu-caja, acerola, cashew, strawberry samples of fresh juices and samples of mixed juice industrialized (mixed acerola, orange, fortified whit L aa; mixed apple, orange, tangerine and lemon; mixed orange, lemon and tangerine; guava juice and mixed apple, lemon and grape). The analyses were made employing BGE containing 100 mmol/L borate buffer pH 10.0 and 0.5 mmol/L cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as EOF-modifier, a fused silica capillary of 59 cm of length (23.7 cm effective, 75 mm of i.d.) = 214 nm. The sample injection was made in hydrodynamic mode (height 4.5 cm) for 15 s, the method was linear within 0.0040 to 0.0450 g/100mL. The calibration curves were prepared with the addition of external standard, with correlation coefficient from 0.9912 to 0.9995, the precision ranged of 1.48 to 11.46% (n= 3). The limit of detection varied from 0.0005 to 0.0155 g/100mL and the limit of quantification varied from 0.0016 to 0.0517 g/100mL. The recoveries in samples of fresh juices were 83.6 to 117.5% (n = 50) and from 83.60 to 108.7% (n=11) for the acids in fruits juices industrialized samples. The oxalic, tartaric, citric, and L aa were separated and quantified in samples of fresh juices while citric and L aa acid in samples of industrialized juices there was reduction in the concentration of 18.90%, 28.20% and 36.00% L - aa of juices of fresh acerola, orange and cashew respectively and of 100.0%, 99.40% in samples of mixed juice industrialized, mixed apple, orange, tangerine and lemon, mixed acerola, orange, fortified whit L aa respectively, was also reduction the concentration of citric acid in two samples juice industrialized 15,20% in mixed apple juice, orange, tangerine, lemon and 56,9% in guava juice. The proposed method is rapid and sensitive and can be used to analysis of organic acids in juice fruit samples. / Uma metodologia eletroforética com detecção no UV foi desenvolvida para determinação dos ácidos orgânicos contidos em sucos de frutas frescos e em sucos de frutas industrializados produzidos em Sergipe/Brasil e comercializados nos mercados e supermercados de Lagarto, Itabaiana e Aracaju. Os ácidos orgânicos: oxálico, tartárico, cítrico e o ácido ascórbico (L aa) foram separados e quantificados em amostras de sucos frescos de uva, laranja, limão, carambola, umbu-cajá, acerola, caju, morango e em amostras de sucos industrializados (misto de acerola, laranja fortificado com L aa; misto de maçã, laranja, tangerina e limão; misto de laranja, limão e tangerina; suco de goiaba e misto de maçã, limão e uva). As análises foram realizadas empregando uma solução tampão contendo 100 mmol/L de tampão borato pH 10,0 e 0,5 mmol/L de brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTAB) como inversor do fluxo eletroosmótico, um capilar de sílica fundida de 59 cm de comprimento (23,7cm efetivo, 75 μm de d.i.) e detecção a l=214nm. A injeção da amostra foi feita no modo hidrodinâmico (altura de 4,5 cm) por 15 s. O método mostrou-se linear numa faixa de 0,0040 a 0,0450 g/100 mL, as curvas de calibração foram preparadas com adição de padrão externo, com coeficiente de correlação de 0,9912 a 0,9995, a precisão variou de 1,48 a 11,46% (n = 3), o limite de detecção variou de 0,0005 - 0,0155 g/100mL e o de quantificação 0,0016 - 0,0517 g/100 mL. As recuperações dos ácidos nas amostras de sucos frescos variaram de 83,60 a 117,5% (n = 50), e de 83,60 a 108,7% (n=11) para os ácidos nas amostras de sucos industrializados. Os ácidos, oxálico, tartárico, cítrico e L aa foram separados e quantificados nas amostras de sucos frescos, enquanto que os ácidos, cítrico e L aa, nas amostras de sucos industrializados, sendo que houve redução na concentração do ácido ascórbico de 18,90%, 28,20% e 36,00% nos sucos frescos de acerola, laranja e caju respectivamente, e de 100,0% no suco industrializado misto de maça, laranja, tangerina, limão e 99,40% no suco industrializado misto de acerola, laranja enriquecido com L aa, houve também redução na concentração do ácido cítrico em duas amostras de sucos industrializados, 15,20% e 56,90% nos sucos, misto de maçã, laranja, tangerina, limão, e no de goiaba. O método desenvolvido foi rápido, sensível e adequado para análise de ácidos orgânicos em amostras de sucos de frutas.

As indústrias têm deixado de produzir o suco de laranja integral pasteurizado em substituição ao suco de laranja reconstituído devido, principalmente, à dificuldade em se produzir esse tipo de suco durante todo o ano com as mesmas características. Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar sensorialmente esses dois tipos de sucos. Sete provadores selecionados e treinados avaliaram a aparência, aroma, sabor e textura de amostras de suco de laranja utilizando a Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ). O teste de aceitação pelo consumidor foi realizado com cento e um provadores não treinados, utilizando a escala hedônica e um mapa de preferência foi traçado. A ADQ mostrou que houve diferenças significativas (p<0,05) em relação a: cor amarela, concentrado, aroma laranja, aroma de sumo, sabor de laranja, sabor passado, sabor cozido. Entretanto, não houve diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre as amostras do suco em relação a: aroma cítrico, aroma cozido, aroma doce, sabor sumo, gosto doce, gosto ácido e encorpado. O suco reconstituído apresentou os atributos com maior intensidade para cor amarela, concentrado, aroma de sumo, sabor passado e sabor cozido em relação ao pasteurizado enquanto esse, o aroma e sabor de laranja foram os atributos mais acentuados. O teste de consumidor indicou que os dois sucos tiveram aceitação parecidas situando-se entre os termos hedônicos indiferente e gostei ligeiramente e o resultado do mapa de preferência mostrou baixa aceitação pela grande maioria dos consumidores de suco. Os dados de HPLC não mostraram diferença entre as amostras de suco analisadas. / The industries are allowing to produce the orange juice pasteurized in substitution to the orange juice reconstituted, mainly, the difficulty in producing this type of juice during the year with the same characteristics. This work objectified to evaluate these sensorially two types of juices. Seven selected and trained panelists evaluated the appearance, aroma, flavor and texture of orange juice pasteurized and orange juice reconstituted by Descriptive Quantitative Analysis (QDA). The consumer test and a preference map was done with one-hundred one non-trained panelists through the hedonic test. The QDA showed significant differences (p<0,05) concerning yellow color, concentrate, orange odor, the highest point odor, orange flavor, passed flavor and cooked flavor. However, there was no significant difference (p>0,05) concerning: citric aroma, candy aroma, cooked aroma, supreme flavor, candy taste, acid taste and viscosity. The reconstituted juice presented the attributes with bigger intensity for yellow color, concentrate, the highest point aroma, last flavor and flavor cooked in relation to the pasteurized and this juice, the aroma and flavor of orange had been the more accented attributes. The consumer test indicated that orange juice pasteurized and orange juice reconstituted were acceptance similar placing itself enters the hedonic terms indifferent and liked slightly and the result of the preference map showed low acceptance by majority of the juice consumers. The HPLC data hadn’t shown the difference enter the analyzed juice samples.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment (200, 300, 400 MPa / 5

Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Alicyclobacilli are endospore-forming, thermophilic, acidophilic bacteria (TAB) that survive the pasteurisation process and spoil acidic fruit juices through the production of the taint compound guaiacol. Guaiacol causes an undesirable odour with an unpleasant smoky, medicinal or phenolic-like taste. This thesis reports on the precursors, vanillin and vanillic acid metabolised to guaiacol by Alicyclobacillus spp. in fruit juice, the pathway of guaiacol production and the spoilage potential of contaminated fruit juices supplemented with these precursors. A high performance liquid chromatography method with UV-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the simultaneous detection and quantification of guaiacol and its precursors. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris FB2 was incubated at 45 °C for 7 d in Bacillus acidoterrestris (BAT) broth supplemented with ferulic acid, vanillin or vanillic acid. The cell concentrations were determined every 24 h and the concentration of the precursors and the production of guaiacol was determined using HPLC-DAD. The guaiacol production was also determined using the peroxidase enzyme colourimetric assay (PECA). Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris produced guaiacol from vanillin and vanillic acid, confirming both vanillin and vanillic acid as precursors for guaiacol production by A. acidoterrestris FB2. Furthermore, a metabolic pathway directly from vanillin to guaiacol was identified in this study. However, guaiacol was not produced by A. acidoterrestris FB2 in the samples supplemented with ferulic acid and it is, therefore, not considered a direct precursor for guaiacol production by A. acidoterrestris. The spoilage potential of apple juice supplemented with either 10 mg L-1 or 100 mg L-1 vanillin or vanillic acid by A. acidoterrestris FB2 (106 cfu mL-1) was also evaluated. The production of guaiacol increased with the increase in vanillin or vanillic acid concentrations (in BAT broth and apple juice) indicating that the concentration of vanillin and vanillic acid present in fruit juice will influence the spoilage potential of the juice. Guaiacol concentrations in apple juice well above the best estimated threshold value of guaiacol for taste (0.24 – 2.00 μg L-1) and odour (0.50 - 2.32 μg L-1) was produced by A. acidoterrestris FB2 in the apple juice supplemented with 10 mg L-1 vanillin or vanillic acid. This indicates that fruit juice with a vanillin or vanillic acid concentration as low as 10 mg L-1 has the potential to spoil if the juice is contaminated with A. acidoterrestris. The concentrations of vanillin and vanillic acid in different fruit juices can be used to indicate if a specific fruit juice is susceptible to guaiacol spoilage by Alicyclobacillus spp. In the development of juice products and different blends of fruit juices, special care must be taken not to concentrate the amount of vanillin and vanillic acid present in the fruit juices. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alicyclobacilli is endospoor-vormende, termofiliese, asidofiliese bacterie (TAB) wat die pasteurisasie proses oorleef en suur vrugtesappe bederf met die produksie van ‘n taint komponent guaiakol. Guaiakol veroorsaak ‘n ongewensde reuk en onaangename rookagtige, medisinale of fenoliese smaak. Hierdie tesis doen verslag oor die voorloper komponente, vanillien en vanilliensuur in vrugtesappe wat gemetaboliseer word na guaiakol deur Alicyclobacillus spesies, die padweg van guaiakol produksie en die bederfbaarheid van gekontamineerde vrugtesap aangevul met hierdie voorloper komponente. ‘n Hoëprestasie vloeistof chromatografie metode met UV-deteksie (skanderend) (HPVC) is ontwikkel vir die gesamentlike deteksie en kwantifisering van guaiakol en die voorloper komponente. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris FB2 is geïnkubeer by 45 °C vir 7 d in Bacillus acidoterrestris (BAT) medium aangevul met feruliensuur, vanillien of vanilliensuur. Die sel konsentrasies is elke 24 h bepaal en die aangevulde komponente en die geproduseerde guaiakol is bepaal deur van HPVC gebruik te maak. Die guaiakol konsentrasies is ook bepaal deur van die peroksidase ensiem kolorimetriese bepaling (PEKB) gebruik te maak. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris het guaiakol geproduseer vanaf vanillien en vanilliensuur, dus is beide vanillien en vanilliensuur bevestig as voorlopers van guaiakol produksie deur A. acidoterrestris FB2. A padweg direk van vanillien na guaiakol is in hierdie studie geïdentifiseer. Guaiakol is nie geproduseer deur A. acidoterrestris FB2 in the monsters wat met feruliensuur aangevul is nie en feruliensuur is dus nie ‘n direkte voorloper van guaiakol produksie deur A. acidoterrestris. Die bederf potensiaal van appelsap aangevul met 10 mg L-1 of 100 mg L-1 vanillien of vanilliensuur deur A. acidoterrestris (106 kve mL-1) is ook geëvalueer. Die produksie van guaiakol het toegeneem met die toename in vanillien of vanilliensuur konsentrasies (in beide BAT en appelsap) wat aandui dat die konsentrasie vanillien en vanilliensuur teenwoordig in vrugtesap die bederfbaarheid van die sap sal beïvloed. Guaiakol konsentrasies in appelsap hoog bo die drumpel waardes van guaiacol vir smaak (0.24 – 2.00 μg L-1) en reuk (0.50 - 2.32 μg L-1) is geproduseer deur A. acidoterrestris FB2 in die appelsap monsters aangevul met 10 mg L-1 vanillien of vanilliensuur. Hierdie verskynsel dui aan dat vrugtesap met ‘n vanillien of vanilliensuur konsentrasies van so laag as 10 mg L-1 die potensiaal het om te bederf indien die sap gekontamineer is met A. acidoterrestris. Die konsentrasies van vanillien en vanilliensuur in verskillende vrugtesappe kan gebruik word om aan te dui of ‘n spesifieke vrugtesap ‘n hoë risiko het vir guaiakol bederf deur Alicyclobacillus spesies. Tydens die ontwikkeling van vrugtesap produkte en verskillende mengsels van vrugtesappe moet seker gemaak word dat die hoeveelhede vanillien en vanilliensuur in die sappe nie gekonsentreer word nie.