A mudança nos hábitos dos brasileiros, optando por consumir alimentos prontos, tem estimulado o crescimento das indústrias nacionais. Neste cenário, o processamento industrial da batata é uma forma de agregação de valor à hortaliça e retorno financeiro ao produtor, visto que a matéria-prima destinada à indústria apresenta maior valor no mercado. O segmento da batata-palha, por exigir baixo investimento, tem se fortalecido. Porém, para sua consolidação é imprescindível o desenvolvimento de pesquisas visando ampliar as alternativas de materiais genéticos disponíveis aos produtores e processadores de batata-palha. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e industrial de cultivares de batata em três ambientes de cultivo nas condições edafoclimáticas do Sul do estado de Minas Gerais; avaliando o desempenho destas quanto a produtividade e adequação ao processamento na forma de batatapalha. As cultivares avaliadas foram: Caruso, Destiny, Excelence, Fontane, Markies e Saviola. O experimento foi conduzido no período de dezembro de 2012 a maio de 2013, nas condições ambientais de Gonçalves, Lambari e Nova Resende. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (cultivares), quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas características de produção total, comercial, de tubérculos grandes, médios, pequenos e porcentagem de refugos em relação à produção total; de qualidade para fritura como conteúdo de matéria seca e de açúcares redutores, rendimento de fritura, cor após a fritura e a absorção de gordura pela batata frita e aplicados os testes sensoriais afetivo de aceitação através de escala hedônica estruturada e de preferência por ordenação. Observou-se diferença no desempenho das cultivares entre os ambientes de cultivo. \'Caruso\' e \'Destiny\' foram as que mais se destacaram na maioria dos atributos avaliados. / The change in the Brazilian consumers\' habits, preferring prepared foodstuff, have been stimulating the growing of the national food industries. In this scenario, the industrial processing of potatoes is a good option to aggregate value to this crop and increase the financial feedback of the producers. The shoestring potato segment is being strengthened because it demands low investment. However, for its consolidation is vital the development of researches aiming to expand the alternatives of genetic materials available for the shoestring potato producers and processors. Our aim in this work was to study different potatoes genotypes in three farming environments under the edaphoclimatics conditions of the South region of Minas Gerais State (Brazil) and the performance and adequacy of these genotypes for fried processing of shoestring potato. The cultivars evaluated were: Caruso, Destiny, Excelence, Fontane, Markies and Saviola. The assessment was conducted from December 2012 to May 2013 in Gonçalves, Lambari and Nova Resende districts. The experimental design was in random blocks with six treatments and four replicates. Besides the total and commercial production, also were evaluated the production of large, medium and small tubers; fry quality and yield were based on dry matter content, free sugars levels, color after fried and fat absorption by the fried potatoes. Affective sensory acceptance tests were applied using the structured hedonic scale and the preference for ordination. Differences in the performances among the cultivars and farming environments were observed. \"Caruso\" and \"Destiny\" outstand in all the attributes assessed.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-08T19:05:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TACIANO PESSOA – TESE (PPGEP) 2015.pdf: 1372058 bytes, checksum: e953b936619e36c851136deb1ffc76af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-08T19:05:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TACIANO PESSOA – TESE (PPGEP) 2015.pdf: 1372058 bytes, checksum: e953b936619e36c851136deb1ffc76af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08 / Realizou-se esta pesquisa com o objetivo de produzir palitos de inhame fritos em óleos de coco e de soja, estabelecendo parâmetros comparativos de qualidade nutricional e sensorial. Para obtenção do óleo de coco, foi realizada uma prensagem a frio, após estudo de secagem das tiras de coco em estufa a 60 e 70°C, que foram ajustadas as equações matemáticas de Cavalcanti Mata, Handerson & Pabis, Page, Verma e modelo difusional de Fick 4 termos. A caracterização dos óleos utilizados, avaliados antes e após as frituras quanto ao teor de água, índices de acidez, peróxido, refração, iodo, saponificação e calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC). Os palitos de inhame foram pré tratados em soluçõ es osmóticas salinas, contendo 5, 10 e 15% de sal (NaCl), onde realizou-se a cinética de desidratação osmotica, que pode-se calcular as perdas de massa e ganho de sólidos das amostras, em seguida foram fritos em óleo de coco e de soja, nas temperaturas de 150, 170 e 190°C, em que foram avaliados as características químicas e físico-químicas dos palitos de inhame In natura, após DO e frituras, quanto aos parâmetros: acidez, pH, atividade de água, teor de água, lipídeos, teor de sódio, teor de amido, absorção de gordura, remoção de água, razão de absorção de gordura. Para a cor (L, a e b) e textura instrumental os parâmetros: firmeza, coesividade, elasticidade e mastigabilidade . Para verificar a aceitação do produto, as amostras foram fritas a 190°C em seguida submetidas a análise sensorial. Concluiu-se que: A equação matemática de secagem proposta Cavalcanti Mata é, dentre aqueles testados, o que apresenta melhor ajuste sendo o selecionado para a representação da cinética dos palitos de coco; As características de identidades do óleo de soja analisado, apresentaram-se dentro dos padrões exigidos para os índices de acidez, peróxido, iodo, refração e saponificação; As caraterísticas de identidade do óleo de coco, apresentou-se dentro dos padrões estabelecidos para os índices de acidez, peróxido e refração; O DSC permitiu verificar o seu desempenho térmico de oxidação com evento exotérmico em pico a 238,3 e 237,8°C, para o óleo de coco e de soja respectivamente; O índice de peróxido dos óleos utilizados nas frituras de 150°C ocorre um aumento do índice avaliado, com o aumento do número de frituras, o óleo de soja apresenta valores superiores a 8,494 (meq/1000 de óleo) quanto aos observados no óleo de coco valores menores que 4,244 (meq/1000 de óleo), que o torna indesejado para o consumo, quando se compara a legislação brasileira; O aumento da concentração de sal nas soluções favoreceu para uma maior perda de peso e ganho de sólidos dos palitos de inhame; Para a razão de absorção de gordura (RAG) amostras fritas com óleo de coco apresentaram menores valores de RAG. O aumento das temperaturas de fritura das amostras, tenderam apresentar menores valores de RAG; A textura instrumental dos palitos de inhame fritos, obtiveram influencias direta do tratamentos osmóticos, óleo e temperatura utilizados na fritura; Com base no perfil de atitude dos consumidores, pode-se concluir que as amostras que apresentaram maior aceitação foram: os palitos de inhame fritos em óleo de coco pré tratados com desidrat ação osmótica a 15% de solução salina, para os palitos de inhame fritos em óleo de soja, foram as amostras tratadas com desidratação osmótica a 10 e 15% de solução salina. Considerando os resultados obtidos na pesquisa para a produção de palitos de inhame frito, conclui-se que a união de matérias primas permitiu originar um produto com quam lidade sensorial e acessibilidade para o mercado consumidor. / Carried out this search in order to produce fried yams sticks coconut and soy oils, establishing comparative parameters of nutritional and sensory quality. To obtain coconut oil a cold pressing was performed after drying study of coconut strips in a greenhouse at 60 to 70 ° C, which were adjusted mathematical equations Cavalcanti Woods, Handerson & Pabis, Page Verma and model diffusive Fick 4 terms. The characterization of the oils used, evaluated before and after frying as the water content, acidity index, peroxide, refraction, iodine, saponification and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Yam sticks were pretreated with saline osmotic solutions containing 5, 10 and 15% salt (NaCl), which was he ld osmotic dehydration kinetics, which can calculate the mass loss and solid gain of sample then they were fried in coconut oil and soybean oil at temperatures of 150, 170 and 190°C, which evaluated the chemical and physicochemical characteristics of yam sticks in natura after DO and fried foods, as the parameters : acidity, pH, water activity, water content, lipids, sodium content, starch content, fat absorption, water removal rate of fat absorption. For color (L, a and b) and instrumental texture parameters: firmness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness. To verify acceptance of the product, samples were fried at 190°C and then subjected to sensory analysis. It was concluded that: The mathematical equation drying proposal Cavalcanti Mata is among thos e tested, which fits better being selected to represent the kinetics of coconut sticks; The characteristics of soybean oil identities analyzed were within the standards required for the acid values, peroxide, iodine, refraction and saponification The ident ity characteristics of coconut oil, was within the standards established for the acidity index, peroxide and refraction; The DSC has shown this thermal oxidation performance with peak exothermic event at 238.3 and 237.8 ° C for coconut oil and soybean oil, respectively; The peroxide value of the oils used in the frying of 150 ° C an increase of the estimated index, with increase of fried foods, soybean oil exhibited superior values 8.494 (meq / 1000 oil) as those observed in the oil coconut values less than 4,244 (mEq / 1000 oil) which makes it undesirable for consumption, when comparing the Brazilian legislation; Increasing the salt concentration in the solution favored for greater weight loss and gain the yams solid sticks; For the reason of fat absorption (RAG) chips with coconut oil samples showed lower values RAG. The increase in frying temperatures of the samples tended RAG have lower values; The instrumental texture of fried yam sticks, obtained direct influence of osmotic treatments, oil and temperature used for frying; Based on consumer attitude profile, it can be concluded that the samples had higher acceptance were fried yams sticks pre coconut oil treated with osmotic dehydration at 15% saline to fried yams sticks in soybean oil samples were treated with osmotic dehydration at 10 and 15% saline. Considering the results obtained in the research for the production of fried yam sticks, concluded that the union of raw materials allowed yield a product with sensory quality and affordability for the consumer market.

El presente trabajo desarrolla un sistema automático que permite el conteo y medición de una población de alevines de tilapia gris. En la actualidad, existen muchos procesos encargados del cálculo de las dimensiones geométricas de los alevines que tienen una gran subjetividad y requieren mucho tiempo para ser ejecutados. Además, la extracción de los alevines fuera del agua puede causarles estrés, lo que podría llevarlos a la muerte. De esta manera, se busca erradicar la intervención manual, por lo que se elabora una estructura mecánica que sostiene una pecera y un recinto con iluminación y una segunda pecera transparente. Se realiza un traslado por muestras de alevines del primer al segundo recipiente, para ello se utilizan las rejillas controladas por motores para acercarlos o alejarlos del orificio de desfogue de la primera pecera. Asimismo, se utiliza una electroválvula neumática de bola, que funciona como compuerta que permite o deniega el paso de los alevines por la tubería de PVC. Luego, con los alevines en el recinto, se procede a ejecutar los algoritmos de conteo y medición de largo y ancho. Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios porque el sistema tiene una precisión del 98% en el conteo y del 90% en la medición de largo y ancho. Además, el tiempo para el cálculo de ambos parámetros se redujo en comparación con el proceso manual. / The present work develops an automatic system that allows the counting and the measuring of a population of gray tilapia fingerlings. Nowadays, there are many processes in charge of the calculation of the geometric dimensions of the fingerlings that have a great subjectivity and spend a lot of time. In addition, removing the fingerlings from the water can cause stress to them, which it could lead them to death. In this way, it seeks to eradicate the manual intervention, thus a mechanical structure is elaborated which holds a fish tank and an enclosure with illumination and a second transparent tank. A transfer by samples of fingerlings from the first to the second container is carried out, for this purpose the grids controlled by motors are used to bring them closer or move them away from the bleed orifice of the first container. Also, a ball pneumatic electrovalve is used, which works as a gate that allows or forbid the passage of the fingerlings through the PVC pipe. Then, with the fingerlings in the enclosure, it proceeds to execute the counting and measuring algorithms of length and width. Satisfactory results were obtained because it has an accuracy of 98% in counting and 90% in length and width measuring. Furthermore, the time for the calculation of both parameters were reduced in comparison to the manual process. / Tesis

A plethora of naturally-produced steroid hormones, or artificial homologues of them, are being introduced into the aquatic and terrestrial environments each year. Two examples of these are the natural oestrogen 17-oestradiol (E2) and the oestrogen receptor antagonist, Bisphenol A (BPA), both of which target the ribonucleoprotein telomerase through upregulation of its telomerase reverse transcriptase component, TERT. The main objectives of this study were firstly to isolate and characterize the actual mRNA sequence for the telomerase catalytic subuninit, Tert, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Walbaum, 1792) and European purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) (Lamarck, 1816), with the aim of developing qPCR assays for the amplification and quantification of Tert. Further objectives were to use these assays in controlled exposure studies to establish whether and to what extent the aforementioned chemicals regulate Tert transcription and by doing so further understand the mechanism of Telomerase gene expression and the extent to which environmental oestrogen can interfere. The initial step of sequence characterization and assay devlopment was successful in the case of rainbow trout where two possible splice variants of Tert mRNA are identified, omTertShort and omTertLong. Two qPCR assays were developed for the relative quantification of both of these splice variants in rainbow trout samples, the latter of these successfully amplifying its target in test samples. In order to demonstrate in vitro and in vivo modulation of telomerase activity and mRNA expression, early life-stages of rainbow trout and purple sea urchin, as well as rainbow trout hepatocytes, were exposed to a range of concentrations of E2 and BPA. Purple sea urchin embryos were exposed to 200, 20 and 2 ng E2/ml for 28 hours until they had reached the stage of pluteus larvaes. Rainbow trout embryos were exposed to 500, 20 and 0.1 ng E2/ml and 600 and 150 ng BPA/ml for 167 days from immediately after fertilization. Rainbow trout hepatocytes were exposed to 20 and 2 ng E2/ml for 48 hours. The results from this study show that telomerase activity as well as TERT mRNA expression can be significantly modulated by exposure to oestrogens and other oestrogenic chemicals. E2 concentrations as low as 20 ng/ml lead to an increase in telomerase activity early-life stages of purple sea urchin and upregulation in the transcription of Tert mRNA in unhatched rainbow trout embryos. BPA induced similar response (600 ng/ml) in hatched rainbow trout alevins larvae. Very high exposures to E2 (500 ng/ml) do however lead to downregulation of Tert mRNA in hatched alevins larvae. Differential regulatory response can be observed between different tissue types of 167 day old fry, with an upregulatory response observed at 0.1 ng E2/ml in liver and muscle tissues, but not in brain. Similarly, brain tissues were observed expressing significantly less mRNA than liver and muscle samples when exposed to BPA (150 ng/ml). It is evident that the previously observed link between environmental oestrogens and telomerase is also present in the two test species examined; purple sea urchin and rainbow trout.

This dissertation considers Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) as a painter and as a figure of discourse. It addresses the longstanding concern of Rousseau’s resistance to interpretation and proposes that this derives from Rousseau’s incomplete fulfillment of the professional obligations of the artist, specifically, from his failure to motivate his work through the pursuit of what modern art critics commonly called “a problem.” Rousseau did not practice painting as artists of his day did, and because of this difference—first articulated by Guillaume Apollinaire in 1908 as an absence of artistic inquiétude—he entered the discourse of art with unprecedented susceptibility to reinvention. The Rousseau we know today, the Rousseau who was a miraculous modernist in the interwar period, and the Rousseau who emerged in the context of the avant-garde in the earliest years of the twentieth century share little besides a name, and this frustrates any effort to write a coherent history of the painter and his pictures. Rather than propose once again Rousseau’s recuperation into a traditional art-historical narrative, this dissertation tells the history of a maker who produced admirable images but fulfilled few other author-functions, and it tells the history of writers who, compensating for Rousseau’s authorial deficits, produced a new artist, a new body of work, and widespread puzzlement about the place of each in the history of modern art. / text

The purpose of this case history was to view the development of the Saskatchewan Adult Attendance Centre Project through the perspective of currently accepted, but selected, adult education philosophy, principles, and techniques. The Project was a mandatory adult education component of Probation Services, a program for adult offenders operated by Saskatchewan Corrections. The story of the evolution from 1979 to 1984 of the two Adult Attendance Centres of the Project, based in the cities of Regina and Saskatoon, was presented in the context of an historical overview of the education of adults in the Corrections systems of Britain, the United States, and Canada. The Attendance Centres were not set up as adult education institutions. They were intended to be cost effective alternatives to incarceration. The study maintained that sentencing that included attendance at the Centres was more cost effective for the provincial government than incarceration or traditional probation. It argued that the kind of education presented to adult probationers in the Centre programs often strayed from currently accepted adult education philosophy, principles, and techniques. None the less, significant potential existed in the Centres for the creation of more meaningful adult education opportunities for persons on probation.

The purpose of this case history was to view the development of the Saskatchewan Adult Attendance Centre Project through the perspective of currently accepted, but selected, adult education philosophy, principles, and techniques. The Project was a mandatory adult education component of Probation Services, a program for adult offenders operated by Saskatchewan Corrections. The story of the evolution from 1979 to 1984 of the two Adult Attendance Centres of the Project, based in the cities of Regina and Saskatoon, was presented in the context of an historical overview of the education of adults in the Corrections systems of Britain, the United States, and Canada. The Attendance Centres were not set up as adult education institutions. They were intended to be cost effective alternatives to incarceration. The study maintained that sentencing that included attendance at the Centres was more cost effective for the provincial government than incarceration or traditional probation. It argued that the kind of education presented to adult probationers in the Centre programs often strayed from currently accepted adult education philosophy, principles, and techniques. None the less, significant potential existed in the Centres for the creation of more meaningful adult education opportunities for persons on probation.