A teoria da identidade mente-cérebro, que foi desenvolvida no início da segunda metade do século XX, especialmente por filósofos que trabalhavam em universidades australianas, como J. J. C. Smart e U. T. Place, os chamados materialistas australianos, sofreu grande impacto de uma teoria que foi desenvolvida logo após, o funcionalismo. A presente dissertação pretende mostrar que não há uma divisão rigorosa entre as duas teorias e que desenvolvimentos da teoria da identidade feitos por David Armstrong e David Lewis, posteriormente considerados como formas de funcionalismo, foram implicações naturais da teoria da identidade. / The mind-brain identity theory, developed in the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, especially by philosophers working in Australian universities, such as J. J. C. Smart and U. T. Place, the so called Australian materialists, suffered a large impact from a theory developed soon after, functionalism. This thesis intends to show that there is not a rigorous division between the two theories, and that the developments done in the identity theory by David Armstrong and David Lewis, later considered as types of functionalism, were natural implications from the identity theory.

O presente trabalho, localizado nos domínios da historiografia dos estudos da tradução, tem como objetivo investigar o percurso do funcionalismo alemão no Brasil, com foco, por um lado, na ação de lideranças para a promoção da abordagem teórica no país e, por outro, no tratamento conceitual atribuído aos conceitos fundamentais da abordagem teórica por pesquisadores brasileiros. Ademais, o trabalho visa a propor uma metodologia útil à pesquisa histórica dos estudos da tradução, amparada por um modelo teórico interdisciplinar, bem como a contribuir para o mapeamento do campo disciplinar e para a promoção da abordagem funcionalista. Parte-se de duas hipóteses: no plano social, a disseminação do Funcionalismo teria se dado, no inicio, através da ação de lideranças funcionalistas na divulgação teórica, um posto depois assumido por agentes difusores em instituições de ensino superior no Brasil; no plano conceitual, as pesquisas fundamentadas pelo funcionalismo no Brasil fariam uso do arsenal conceitual estabelecido pela teoria em seus primeiros anos, sobretudo por meio dos trabalhos de Christiane Nord, expandindo ou reformulando os conceitos da teoria-base ao aplicá-los no exame de um problema específico de tradução. Para confirmar ou refutar essas hipóteses, são empregados, no âmbito teórico, noções de historiografia, em especial da história das ciências, assim como noções da filosofia e da sociologia da ciência e da sociobiologia. No âmbito metodológico, a linguística de corpus e a cientometria fornecem procedimentos e ferramentas de análise. Desse modo, essas abordagens são coadunadas em dois vieses de pesquisa: uma pesquisa contextual (externalista) e uma pesquisa conceitual (internalista). A partir desses dois vieses, almeja-se uma compreensão holística da difusão da teoria no Brasil. Como parte da pesquisa externalista, delineia- se um mapa do campo disciplinar no Brasil desde o seu início, nos anos de 1950, com especial ênfase ao período entre 1990 e 2005. Esse mapa revela um crescimento bastante significativo do campo, sobretudo a partir da década de 1990, impulsionado por sua institucionalização. Outrora concentrada em instituições no Sudeste e no Sul brasileiros, as investigações de temas ligados à tradução disseminam-se para outras localidades, surgindo assim outros polos de pesquisa. No que tange ao funcionalismo, observa-se, conforme uma das hipóteses de trabalho, que sua entrada no âmbito dos estudos da tradução no país ocorre, de modo preponderante, pela ação dos fundadores da abordagem teórica. Seu crescimento e disseminação ocorrem apenas em tempos mais recentes, sobretudo em torno de temas como a tradução técnica, a tradução de quadrinhos e o emprego da tradução em aulas de língua estrangeira. Quanto à pesquisa conceitual, ela revela que os pesquisadores brasileiros absorvem algumas noções fulcrais do funcionalismo, tais como o fato de a tradução ser um proceder entre culturas, orientado pela função do texto traduzido. Em conformidade com as hipóteses iniciais, observa-se também que as ideias que circulam nos estudos da tradução no Brasil foram introduzidas principalmente pelas obras de Christiane Nord. Por fim, ressalta-se o fato de que o funcionalismo, como qualquer teoria, não contemplar todos os casos específicos de tradução, sendo necessária a contribuição de aportes teóricos advindos de outras áreas disciplinares, o que é um valoroso exemplo da interdisciplinaridade inerente aos estudos da tradução. / This study, inserted in the field of historiography of translation studies, seeks to investigate the course of German functionalism in Brazil, focusing, on the one hand, on the leaderships action to promote the theoretical approach in the country and, on the other hand, in the conceptual treatment attributed to the fundamental concepts of the theoretical approach by Brazilian researchers. Moreover, the study aims to propose a useful methodology for the historical research of translation studies, supported by an interdisciplinary theoretical model, as well as to contribute to the mapping of the disciplinary field and to promote the functionalist approach. It is based on two hypotheses: at the social level, the dissemination of Functionalism would have taken place, in the beginning, by the functionalist leaderships actions to promote the theory, a position later assumed by promoters in higher education institutions in Brazil; and, on the conceptual level, the researches based on functionalism in Brazil would make use of the conceptual array established by the theory in its early years, especially through the studies by Christiane Nord, expanding or reformulating the concepts of the basic theory by applying them to the examination of a specific translation problem. In order to confirm or refute these hypotheses, notions of historiography are used in the theoretical scope, especially notions of history of sciences, as well as notions of philosophy and sociology of science and sociobiology. In the methodological scope, corpus linguistics and scientometrics provide analysis procedures and tools. Therefore, these approaches are linked by two research models: a contextual research (externalist) and a conceptual research (internalist). From these two models, we aim for a holistic understanding of the dissemination of the theory in Brazil. As part of the externalist research, a map of the disciplinary field in Brazil is outlined since its inception in the 1950s, with special emphasis on the period between 1990 and 2005. This map shows a very significant growth of the field, especially since the 1990s, driven by its institutionalization. Formerly centred in institutions in the Southeast and South of Brazil, research studies on themes related to translation are disseminated to other localities, thus, other research centres emerge. Regarding functionalism, it can be seen that, according to one of the hypotheses of this study, its inclusion into the scope of translation studies in the country occurs, predominantly, by the action of the founders of the theoretical approach. Its growth and dissemination only occur in more recent times, especially involving themes such as technical translation, translation of comic books, and the use of translation in foreign language lessons. As for the conceptual research, it reveals that Brazilian researchers absorb some key notions of functionalism, such as the fact that translation is a proceeding between cultures, guided by the function of the translated text. In accordance with the initial hypotheses, it is also noted that the ideas that circulate in translation studies in Brazil were mainly introduced by the works of Christiane Nord. Finally, we emphasize the fact that functionalism, like any theory, does not contemplate all specific cases of translation, requiring the contribution of theoretical inputs from other disciplinary areas, which is a valuable example of the inherent interdisciplinarity of translation studies.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / In Australian Aboriginal affairs, the acculturative strand of assimilation developed in large part from Elkin’s religious and Idealist commitment, for which in the years 1928 to 1933 he won social-scientific authority. In competition with both an eliminationist politics of race and a segregationist politics of territory, Elkin drew upon religious experience, apologetics, sociology, and networks to establish a ‘positive policy’ as an enduring ideal in Aboriginal affairs. His leadership of the 1930s reform movement began within the Anglican Church, became national through civic-religious organs of publicity, and gained scientific authority as Elkin made religious themes a central concern in Australian anthropology. But from the 1960s until recently, most scholars have lost sight of the centrality of Idealism and religion in our protagonist’s seminal project of acculturative assimilation. This thesis aims to show how Elkin dealt with problems fundamental to twentieth century Aboriginal affairs and indeed to Australian modernity more generally – problems of faith and science, morality and expediency – in developing his positive policy towards Aborigines.

<p>The relations between Greece and Turkey have developed at an unprecedented level in recent years. Behind this development lay certain factors notably the Simitis Governments’ strategy of redefining the parameters of Greek national interests in foreign policy and the Turkish Governments’ subsequent positive responses to this favorable atmosphere. It is thus possible to use the term ‘détente’ to refer to the period which dates back to 1996, the rise of Simitis to the Greek premiership. Some observers on Greco-Turkish Relations tend to trace the origins of Greco-Turkish détente to the devastating 17 August earthquake in Turkey. Some others try to find the origin of détente in the 1999 Helsinki Summit where Turkey was offered the candidacy status for the EU membership. This thesis proposes an alternative approach by defending the view that the rise of Simitis to the prime ministry itself heralded the chain of events which would later pave the road to the relaxation of Greco-Turkish Relations.</p><p>This thesis is a modest attempt to understand the anatomy of Simitis Leadership and its reflections on Greco-Turkish Relations. On the basis of certain turning points in a chronological fashion, it will uncover the background of an eight-year ruling term with its ups and downs. There is an irony in Greco-Turkish Relations: Outbreak of crises between the two neighbors led both the Greek and the Turkish political actors to re-examine their attitude in the following phase of their relationship. In the Simitis Era, the tensions created opportunities for building up networks of cooperation initiatives to a certain extent. I also argue here that spillover logic in Greco-Turkish Relations has started working- albeit cautiously- and that this spirit could be sustainable if managed by both sides wisely. Continuation of the Greco-Turkish détente even after the governmental change in Athens in April 2004 demonstrates that the Simitis Leadership has determined a new framework for Greco- Turkish Relations. This framework has been set through pushing Turkey to the future EU membership orientation and setting mechanisms of reward/punishment (or carrot/stick) policy on Turkey’s route to Brussels through the EU.</p>

After Cold war, the trend of economical globalization has led the region cooperation development. As China is going to focus on economic growing, its good neighborhood policy is most important especially in East Asia.In 2002, ASEAN and China decide to build up a free trade area between each other. The China-ASEAN free trade area is expected to be an important economic area in 2010. The study is using Neo-functionalism to analyze China¡¦s policy in East Asia.To explore the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area ,its circumstance and development.

Population ageing is one of humanity’s greatest triumphs that in the same time raise a lot of complex economic and social problems in all countries in 21 century because of necessity of warranting equal rights, increasing physical and functional health, social participation, independency and well being for elderly people. World Health Organization (WHO) suggests the actualization of active aging policy approach and encourages research for solving the problems. The social problem in Lithuania, the considerable increasing amount of elderly willing to be institutionalized and resigning their autonomy and independent living, raise important sociological problem, whether the active ageing policy (AAP) system is functioning in Lithuania. Our research was designed for analysis of that problem. The subject-matter of investigation is a social system of AAP in Lithuania. Hypothetical approach enables us predicate, that the system is not working on national level, and otherwise the problems of institutionalization of elderly should not bee so significant. The main goal of the present study is to traverse the functioning of national AAP social system and reveal interconnections amongst the basic structural elements of the system on the grounds of the ideas of structural functionalism. The basic tasks for realization of the goal: 1) To evaluate the conformity of the cultural model of national AAP social system with the ideological WHO recommendations in the field; 2) To analyze the... [to full text]

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / In Australian Aboriginal affairs, the acculturative strand of assimilation developed in large part from Elkin’s religious and Idealist commitment, for which in the years 1928 to 1933 he won social-scientific authority. In competition with both an eliminationist politics of race and a segregationist politics of territory, Elkin drew upon religious experience, apologetics, sociology, and networks to establish a ‘positive policy’ as an enduring ideal in Aboriginal affairs. His leadership of the 1930s reform movement began within the Anglican Church, became national through civic-religious organs of publicity, and gained scientific authority as Elkin made religious themes a central concern in Australian anthropology. But from the 1960s until recently, most scholars have lost sight of the centrality of Idealism and religion in our protagonist’s seminal project of acculturative assimilation. This thesis aims to show how Elkin dealt with problems fundamental to twentieth century Aboriginal affairs and indeed to Australian modernity more generally – problems of faith and science, morality and expediency – in developing his positive policy towards Aborigines.

Thesis (Ph.D)--University of Wollongong, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: page 294-309.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Linguistics & Psychology, Department of Linguistics, 2006. / Bibliography: p. 742-762.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished