Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2004. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Barry J. Jacobsen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2005. / Title from title page screen (viewed on June 30, 2005). Thesis advisor: John Sorochan. Document formatted into pages (xiii, 124 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-68).

Some ill. mounted. Bibliography: leaves 86-92.

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fruit trees are exposed to various factors that can adversely affect the production of quality fruit. These factors can directly affect the fruit and the health of the tree and can be classified according to their biotic or abiotic nature, such as pathogenic attacks and drought stress respectively. One of the cultural practices used commercially to address these stresses is the application of fungicides and bactericides. The fruit production industry is under severe pressure from consumers, retailers and environmentalists, locally and internationally, to reduce chemical applications to fruit and fruit trees. The use of natural plant defence elicitor compounds and nutrients offer a potential alternative to fungicide and bactericide sprays and may also increase fruit quality and size as result of a reduction of plant stress. Trials were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of natural plant defence elicitors i.e. salicylic acid (SA) and flavonoids, in addition to mineral nutrients and bactericide/fungicides, on peach (incidence of Xanthomonas infection), plum (induced drought stress and Mg/Mn deficiencies) and apple (Mg/Mn deficiencies) fruit and trees against specified biotic or abiotic stress factors. Trial on Prunus persica cv. ‘Sandvliet’were conducted over two seasons (2008/2009 and 2011/2012) on a commercial site, Protea Farm, in the Worcester area in the Western Cape Province. During the 2008/2009 season the SA (AlexinTM, AlexiboostTM) containing treatments were applied first at 75% petal drop at concentrations of 125 and 250 ml. 100 L-1. The copper (StCu, Cu)-containing treatment was applied at 50% petal drop, while dichlorophen (XanbacTM) treatments were applied at fruit set at concentrations of 150, 300 and 200 ml. 100 L-1. The flavonoid (CroplifeTM) treatment was applied at the start of petal drop at a concentration of 150 ml.100 L-1. During the 2011/2012 season, a new flavonoid (CropbiolifeTM) treatment, as well as potassium (K-MaxTM) treatment, were incorporated into the trial and applied at concentrations of 150 and 500 ml. 100 L-1 respectively. Additionally a SA (AlexinTM) and dichlorophen (XanbacTM) treatments that performed well during the first season, were incorporated into the second season with application times and rates similar to the first season’s protocol. In addition to fruit size and quality measurements, the percentage Xanthomonas infection was determined on the leaves and fruit of the experimental trees. The SA (AlexinTM) containing treatment significantly reduced the incidence of Xanthomonas infection on leaves and fruit compared to the control in the first season. However, results varied between the two seasons, as no significant difference from the control could be obtained in the following season. The AlexinTM treatments also significantly increased the fruit size and quality. The flavonoid (CropbiolifeTM) and K (K-MaxTM) containing treatments similarly reduced the Xanthomonas infection on leaves and fruit, as well as increasing the fruit size and quality in the second season. The dichlorophen (XanbacTM) containing treatment recorded varying results as it significantly reduced the Xanthomonas infection on the fruit only in the second season. The plum trials were conducted over the 2011/2012 season on ‘Laetitia’ and ‘Songold’ plum trees, Welgevallen Experimental Farm, Stellenbosch University. Three SA (AlexinTM, AlexSal and RezistTM) containing foliar treatments were applied on the ‘Laetitia’ trees. Only two SA (AlexinTM, AlexSal) containing foliar treatments were applied on the ‘Songold’ trees. Additionally, a foliar treatment containing only K, Ca, Mg and B, was applied in both the ‘Laetitia’ and ‘Songold’ trials. All the treatments were first applied at 75% petal drop, at the same concentration of 250 ml. 100 L-1. Additionally to fruit size and quality, the mineral nutrient content of the leaves and fruit was determined. The ascorbic acid and glutathione content was determined in fruit at harvest and again after storage. None of the treatments had a positive effect on the parameters measured, except the SA (AlexinTM) containing treatments which increased the titratible acidity (TA) in both at harvest and after storage. The treatments also did not alleviate the induced stress compared to the control. The apple and plum tree trials were conducted over the 2011/2012 season in a semi-closed greenhouse, at the Welgevallen Experimental Farm, Stellenbosch. Magnesium (Mg) and Manganese (Mn) deficiencies were induced in one-year-old ‘Royal Beaut’ apple and ‘Laetitia’ plum trees planted in 10 L nursery bags, by omitting these nutrients from a standard Long Ashton soil application. Foliar treatments of Mg (MagMaxTM) and Mn (ManMaxTM) containing sprays were subsequently applied at concentrations of 250 and 75 ml. 100 L-1 respectively, after deficiency symptoms for these nutrients were visually observed. Mineral nutrient analysis of the leaves were analysed on the 13th of February for the plums and 30th of March 2012, for the apples. The Mn (ManMaxTM) containing treatment successfully overcame the Mn induced deficiency. The Mg (MagMaxTM) containing treatment did not overcome the induced Mg deficiency and was probably due to the deficient nitrogen levels in the plants, caused by an error in the initial Long Ashton nutrient solution formulation. In conclusion AlexinTM, K-MaxTM and CropbiolifeTM have shown their ability to decrease Xanthomonas infection in peaches. Additionally to their positive effect on fruit size and quality on the peaches. SA was not able to overcome the induced stress on plums, but had a positive effect on the fruit quality and size. The ManMaxTM been proven to overcome the induced Mn deficiency, while MagMaxTM was unsuccessful to overcome the Mg deficiency. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vrugtebome word blootgestel aan verskeie faktore wat die produksie van kwaliteit vrugte nadelig kan beïnvloed. Hierdie faktore kan ‘n direkte invloed hê op die vrugte en op die gesondheid van die boom en kan geklassifiseer word op grond van hulle biotiese of abiotiese natuur, soos patogeen infeksie en droogte stres onderskeidelik. Van die produksie praktyke wat gebruik word sluit in die toepassing van verskillende swamdoders en bakterisiede. Die vrugtebedryf is onder geweldige druk van verbruikers, die kleinhandel en omgewingsbewustes om die toediening van chemikalieë aan vrugte en vrugtebome te verminder. Die gebruik van natuurlike plant verdediging stimulerende verbindings en nutriënte, bied 'n moontlike alternatief tot die spuit van swamdoders en bakterisiede, en kan ook moontlik ʼn bydrae maak tot verbeterde vrugkwaliteit en -grootte. Proewe is uitgevoer om die effektiwiteit van die natuurlike plant verdediging stimulante, salisielsuur (SA) en flavonoïede, addisioneel tot verskillende voedingstowwe en bakterieële / swamdoders op perske, pruim en appels teen Xanthomonas infeksie, droogte stres en Mg / Mn tekorte as biotiese en abiotiese stres faktore onderskeidelik te evalueer. Die Prunus persica ‘Sandvliet’ proewe is oor twee seisoene (2008/2009 en 2011/2012) op 'n kommersiële perseel, Protea Farm, in die Worcester-area in die Wes-Kaap Provinsie, uitgevoer. Gedurende die 2008/2009 seisoen is die SA (AlexinTM, AlexiboostTM) bevattende behandelings eers toegedien by 75% blomblaarval teen konsentrasies 125 en 250 ml. 100 L-1. Die koper (StCu, Cu) bevattende behandeling is toegedien by 50% blomblaarval, terwyl die dichlorofen (XanbacTM) bevattende behandelings toegedien is by vrugset, teen konsentrasies van 150, 300 en 200 ml. 100 L-1. Die flavonoïde (CroplifeTM) behandeling is toegedien by die begin van blomblaarval teen 'n konsentrasie van 150 ml. 100 L-1. Gedurende die 2011/2012 seisoen was 'n nuwe flavonoïd (CropbiolifeTM) en ‘n kalium (K-MaxTM) behandeling toegevoeg tot die eksperiment, met ʼn toediening teen konsentrasies van onderskeidelik 150 en 500 ml. 100 L-1. Daarbenewens is die SA (AlexinTM) en dichlorofen (XanbacTM) behandeling van die 2008/2009 seisoen herhaal teen dieselfde konsentrasies en toedieningstye soos in die protokol van die eerste seisoen. Behalwe vir die bepaling van vruggrootte en –kwaliteit, is die persentasie Xanthomonas infeksie op blare en vrugte ook bepaal. Die SA (AlexinTM) bevattende behandeling het die voorkoms van Xanthomonas infeksie op die blare en vrugte betekenisvol verminder in vergelyking met die kontrole. Resultate het egter gewissel in die daaropvolgende seisoen en geen beduidende verskille tussen die behandelings is waargeneem nie. Hierdie SA-bevattende behandelings het ook tot ‘n toename in vruggrootte en -kwaliteit gelei. Die flavonoïde bevattende behandelings, (CropbiolifeTM) en K (K-MaxTM), het soortgelyke afnames in Xanthomonas infeksie op die blare en vrugte in die tweede seisoen getoon, sowel as ‘n toename in vruggrootte en -kwaliteit. Die dichlorofen (XanbacTM) bevattende behandeling het variërende resultate getoon aangesien dit slegs tot ‘n beduidende afname in Xanthomonas infeksie op die blare en vrugte in die tweede seisoen kon lei. Pruim proewe is uitgevoer in die 2011/2012 seisoen op ‘Laetitia’ en ‘Songold’ pruimbome te Welgevallen Proefplaas, Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Drie SA (AlexinTM, AlexSal en RezistTM) bevattende blaar behandelings is toegedien op die ‘Laetitia’ bome. Slegs twee SA (AlexinTM, AlexSal) blaar behandelinge is toegedien op die ‘Songold’ bome. ʼn Verdere K, Ca, Mg en B blaar behandeling is ook toegedien in beide die ‘Laetitia’ en ‘Songold’ proewe. Al die behandelings se eerste toediening het saamgeval met 75% blomblaarval, teen dieselfde konsentrasie van 250 ml. 100 L-1. Addisioneel tot vruggrootte en –kwaliteit, is die mineraal element inhoud van die blare en vrugte bepaal. Die askorbiensuur en glutatioon inhoud is bepaal in die vrugte met oes asook na opberging. Geen behandeling het 'n positiewe uitwerking op die parameters wat gemeet is getoon nie, behalwe een van die SA (AlexinTM) bevattende behandelings wat die titreerbare sure (TS) verhoog het in beide kultivars. Die behandelings kon ook nie die geïnduseerde stres verlig in vergelyking met die kontrole nie. Die appel- en pruim proewe is uitgevoer gedurende die 2011/2012 seisoen in 'n semi-geslote glashuis te Welgevallen Proefplaas, Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Magnesium (Mg) en Mangaan (Mn) tekorte is geïnduseer in een-jaar-oue ‘Royal Beaut’ appel en ‘Laetitia’ pruim bome, aangeplant in 10L kwekerysakke, deur dié elemente uit ʼn toediening van standaard Long-Ashton voedingsoplossing aan die grond weg te laat. Mg (MagMaxTM) en Mn (ManMaxTM) bevattende blaarspuite is daarna toegepas teen onderskeidelik konsentrasies van 250 en 75 ml. 100 L-1. ʼn Minerale analise van die blare is uitgevoer op 13 Februarie, op die pruime en 30 Maart 2012, op die appels. Die Mn (ManMaxTM) bevattend behandeling het die Mn-geïnduseerde tekort verlig. Die Mg (MagMaxTM) bevattende behandeling het nie die geïnduseerde Mg-tekort verlig nie. Dit is moontlik toe te skryf aan die stikstof tekort in die plante wat te wyte was aan ʼn foutiewe Long Ashton voedingsoplossing formulasie wat aanvanklik toegedien is. Ten slotte het AlexinTM, K-MaxTM en CropbiolifeTM getoon dat hul die vermoë het om Xanthomonas infeksie te verminder, asook om vruggrootte en kwaliteit in perskes te verbeter. SA was nie in staat om die geïnduseerde stres op pruime te oorkom nie, maar het 'n positiewe uitwerking op die vruggroote en kwaliteit gehad. ManMaxTM het getoon dat dit ʼn geïnduseerde, visuele Mn tekort kan oorkom, terwyl MagMaxTM onsuksesvol was om die Mg-tekort te oorkom

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The response of soybean cultivars to the chemical control of Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) was studied in a factorial experiment 10 x 3 x 2. The treatments were ten soybean cultivars (Fundacep 56, M-soy 8000, Nidera 6401, BRS 246, BRS Pampa, AL 72, Coodetec 214, Coodetec 213, Coodetec 219, Nidera 6001), 3 fungicides (azoxistrobina + ciproconazol, tebuconazol and tebuconazol + carbendazin) applied in the closing lines followed by a second application 25 days after first and in the R1 followed by a second application in R4 in the random blocks design with four replications. The variables analyzed were rust severity and grains yield. Rust severity data showed the specificity response of genotypes to the different fungicides and timing combinations. The soybean cultivars that had the greatest breadth of difference in income between the control and fungicide treatment were considered of high responsiveness to the chemical control. The cultivars Fundacep 56, M-soy 8000, AL 72 and Coodetec 219 showed low response to the chemical control of rust, not varying their yield or their response in rust control in any of the moments of application and fungicides. The cultivars Nidera 6401 and Nidera 6001 showed high responsiveness to the chemical control of rust, surpassing the 1000 kg.ha-1 of variation between the control fungicide treatment, azoxistrobina + ciproconazol. The answer in grain yield is not directly related to the response in disease accumulation, disease control and fungicide efficiency. Cultivars may not have high control efficiency, but may present satisfactory yields. / A resposta de cultivares de soja ao controle químico da ferrugem asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) foi estudada no delineamento de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com dez cultivares de soja (Fundacep 56, M-soy 8000, Nidera 6401, BRS 246, BRS Pampa, AL 72, Coodetec 214, Coodetec 213, Coodetec 219, Nidera 6001), três fungicidas (azoxistrobina + ciproconazol, tebuconazol e tebuconazol + carbendazin) e duas épocas de aplicação (fechamento das entrelinhas e 25 dias após, e R1 + R4), com quatro repetições. Foram analisadas as variáveis severidade de ferrugem e rendimento de grãos. Os dados de severidade de ferrugem mostraram a especificidade de resposta dos genótipos aos diferentes fungicidas. As cultivares de soja que apresentaram a maior amplitude de diferença de rendimento entre o tratamento testemunha e o tratamento fungicida foram consideradas de alta responsividade ao controle químico. As cultivares Fundacep 56, M-soy 8000, AL 72 e Coodetec 219 apresentaram baixa resposta ao controle químico de ferrugem, não variando sua produtividade nem o controle de ferrugem em nenhum dos momentos de aplicação, bem como fungicidas. Já as cultivares Nidera 6401 e Nidera 6001 foram altamente responsivas ao controle químico de ferrugem, ultrapassando os 1000 kg.ha-1 de variação entre o tratamento testemunha e o tratamento fungicida de azoxistrobina e ciproconazol. A resposta em rendimento de grãos não está diretamente relacionada com a resposta em acúmulo de doença e eficiência de controle do fungicida utilizado. Cultivares podem não apresentar alta eficiência de controle, porém podem apresentar rendimentos satisfatórios.

Orientador: Antonio de Goes / Banca: Katia Cristina Kupper / Banca: Marcel Bellato Spósito / Banca: Eduardo Sanches Stuchi / Banca: Modesto Barreto / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivos: (i) identificar e caracterizar do ponto de vista genetico, morfológico e patogênico isolados de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal da doença Podridão floral dos citros; (ii) determinar fontes de inóculo e condições de sobrevivência deste patógeno em órgãos vegetativos; (iii) avaliar o controle da doença mediante o emprego de fungicidas, assim como os estádios de florescimento mais adequados para pulverização, em campo; (iv) avaliar o efeito pós e pré-infeccional de C. acutatum a fungicidas, em casa de vegetação e; (v) avaliar a sensibilidade de C. acutatum a fungicidas, in vitro. Isolados associados à PFC pertencem à espécie Colletotrichum acutatum. Há uma elevada variabilidade morfológica entre isolados de C. acutatum, indicativo de polimorfismo entre as populações. De acordo com as variáveis morfológicas avaliadas e, mediante análises exploratórias foram determinados seis grupos de isolados. Todos os estágios de florescimento, assim como a fase 'chumbinho' são suscetíveis a C. acutatum. As flores de plantas cítricas de laranjas doce 'Pêra', 'Natal', 'Valência', 'Hamlin' e 'Folha Murcha' mostraram-se suscetíveis a C. acutatum. Cálices retidos, pétalas e folhas são fontes de inóculo de C. acutatum. Colletotrichum acutatum sobrevive em cálices retidos e em folhas, no entanto, o maior número de colônias procedeu-se de cálices retidos. Colletotrichum acutatum sobrevive em folhas de plantas jovens. Os fungicidas sistêmicos, carbendazim, tiofanato-metílico e pyraclostrobin e o protetor folpet quando aplicados isoladamente em 'cabeça-de-fósforo' e 'cotonete' não diferiram entre si, portanto esses fungicidas tornam-se alternativas no controle da PFC. As aplicações de erradicante ou protetor nos estádios, primórdio floral e 'cabeça-de-alfinete' em combinação com fungicidas ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to: (i) identify and to characterize point of view genetic, morphologic and pathogenic isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum, causal agent of postbloom fruit drop; (ii) to determine inoculum sources and conditions for survival of this pathogen in vegetative organs; (iii) to evaluate disease control through the use of fungicides, as well as the flowering stage more suitable for spray field; (iv) evaluate the effect pos and pre-infection of C. acutatum to fungicides in the greenhouse and; (v) to evaluate sensitivity of C. acutatum to fungicide in vitro. Isolates associated with PFD belong to the specie Colletotrichum acutatum. There is a high morphological variability among isolates of C. acutatum, indicative of polymorphism among populations. According to the morphological and evaluated by exploratory analysis were determined six groups of isolates. All stages of flowering and the fruitlet are susceptible to C. acutatum. The flowers of citrus trees, of sweet orange 'Pera', 'Natal', 'Valencia', 'Hamlin' and 'Folha Murcha' were susceptible to C. acutatum. Persistent calyces, petals and leaves are sources of inoculum of C. acutatum. Colletotrichum acutatum survives in persistent calyces and in leaves, however the largest number of colonies was persistent calyces. Colletotrichum acutatum survives in leaves of young plants. The fungicides, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin and the protector folpet when applied alone in 'white bud' and 'hollow ball' did not differ, so these fungicides become alternatives to control of the PFD. The applications eradicative or protector in the stages, floral prime and 'green bud' in combination with fungicides in 'white bud' and 'hollow ball' is not different from the systemic applications alone, so the conditions under which experiments were performed, applications eradicative or protector became expendable. There was no ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar alternativas de controle químico e biológico de isolados de Pythium para aplicação na formação de mudas de tabaco. Estudou-se por meio de bioensaios a compatibilidade de duas cepas de Trichoderma harzianum (ESALQ 1306 e 1316) com sete fungicidas. Os mesmos fungicidas foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de inibição de quatro isolados de Pythium spp. A atividade antagônica das cepas de T. harzianum foram testadas in vitro, em três momentos de inoculação a 23 e 28ºC para quatro isolados de Pythium spp. A eficiência de controle in vivo de Pythium sp., bem como germinação, massa seca e mudas aptas foram avaliadas em condições de casa de vegetação, com os fungicidas químicos Ridomil Gold MZ e Infinito, e biológicos Trichodermil 1306 e o produto experimental Trichodermil 1316. As cepas de T. harzianum apresentaram compatibilidade com todos os fungicidas testados. Todos os isolados de Pythium foram inibidos pelos fungicidas Censor, Amistar WG 500, Infinito e Ridomil Gold MZ em ensaios. A cepa ESALQ 1316 apresentou maior eficiência de inibição dos isolados de Pyhtium, em cultivo pareado, sendo 100% eficiente, independente do momento de inoculação, após 14 dias. Isoladamente o Trichodermil cepa ESALQ 1306 foi mais eficiente que o produto experimental Trichodermil cepa ESALQ 1316 no controle de Pythium sp. em mudas de tabaco. A combinação do Ridomil Gold MZ ou Infinito com o Trichodermil 1316 apresentou maior eficiência de controle de Pythium sp. quando comparada ao agente de biocontrole isoladamente em mudas de tabaco. / The present work aims to study alternatives for chemical and biological control of Pythium isolates for application in tobacco seedlings. It was studied by bioassays the compatibility of two strains of Trichoderma harzianum (ESALQ 1306 and 1316) with seven fungicides. The same fungicides were evaluated for their ability to inhibit four isolates of Pythium sp. The antagonistic activity of strains of T. harzianum were tested in vitro on three different occasions inoculation at 23 and 28 º C for four isolates of Pythium sp. The control efficiency in vivo of Pythium sp. and germination, seedling dry weight and suitable conditions were evaluated in a greenhouse with chemical fungicides Ridomil Gold MZ and Infinito, and biological products, Trichodermil 1306 and Trichodermil 1316. The strains of T. harzianum showed compatibility with all fungicides tested. All the isolates of Pythium were inhibited by fungicides Censor, Amistar WG 500, Infinito and Ridomil Gold MZ in trials. The strain ESALQ 1316 was more efficient inhibition of isolates Pyhtium in paired culture, being 100% effective, regardless of time of inoculation, after 14 days. On average Trichodermil 1306 was more efficient than the experimental product Trichodermil 1316 in the control of Pythium sp. in tobacco seedlings. The combination of Ridomil Gold MZ or Infinito with Trichodermil 1316 was more effective control of Pythium sp. compared with the biological control agent alone in tobacco seedlings.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-09. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858257.pdf: 1279863 bytes, checksum: a614df5b657c60540a1980299a921bd0 (MD5) / Os fungicidas até pouco tempo eram utilizados exclusivamente para o controle de doença, no entanto, observações de efeitos fisiológicos trouxeram um novo conceito para o uso desses produtos. Os efeitos fisiológicos evidenciados ultimamente têm mostrado que os fungicidas influenciam positivamente no metabolismo das plantas agindo nas trocas gasosas, processo da respiração, na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes, enzima nitrato redutase, nos hormônios vegetais e isso resultando em maior ou melhor produção dos frutos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de azoxistrobina, boscalida, piraclostrobina e fluxapiroxade em plantas de melão rendilhado (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus), em condições de ambiente protegido, visando seus efeitos fisiológicos no metabolismo e desenvolvimento da planta, bem como na melhoria da produção e qualidade dos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus de Botucatu-SP em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com sete tratamentos: uma testemunha e seis aplicações de fungicidas: azoxistrobina 60g ha-1, boscalida 75g ha-1, piraclostrobina 50 g ha-1; boscalida (37,5g ha-1) + piraclostrobina (25 g ha-1); fluxapiroxade 75g ha-1 e fluxapiroxade (50,1g ha-1) + piraclostrobina (99,9g ha-1), aplicados 14 dias após a semeadura e as demais das aplicações em intervalo de 7 dias, via foliar. O efeito dos tratamentos foi avaliado por meio das observações das seguintes características: taxa de assimilação de CO2, taxa de transpiração, eficiência do uso da água, ... / Fungicides until recently were used exclusively for Disease Control, however observations of physiological effects brought a new concept for the use of these products. The physiological effects evidenced lately have shown that the fungicides positively influence the metabolism of plants acting in gas exchange, respiration process, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, nitrate reductase, in hormones and this resulting in higher or better fruit production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of azoxystrobin, boscalida, pyraclostrobin and fluxapyroxad in net melon plants (Cucumis melo var. Reticulatus) in greenhouse conditions, aiming its physiological effects on metabolism and plant development and as improvement in production and fruit quality. The experiment has been conducted in an experimental field of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP in a protected environment. The experimental design was a randomized block with seven treatments: one control and six fungicide applications: azoxystrobin 60 g ha-1, boscalida 75g ha-1, pyraclostrobin 50 g ha-1; boscalida (37,5g ha-1) + pyraclostrobin (25 g ha -1); fluxapyroxad 75g ha-1and fluxapyroxad (50,1g ha-1) + pyraclostrobin (99,9g ha-1) applied 14 days after sowing and the remainder of the application interval of 7 days foliar. The effect of the treatments was assessed through observations of the following: CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, chlorophyll a fluorescence, SPAD index, quantification of chlorophyll a and b in lipid peroxidation, the activity of nitrate reductase, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and post harvest the fruits of net melon. Based on obtained results it was concluded that the fungicides have positive ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000757627.pdf: 1514000 bytes, checksum: c1d2e28f93f02c42adb7942e83fe14d9 (MD5) / Até pouco tempo os fungicidas eram usados exclusivamente para o controle de doenças, no entanto, observações de efeitos fisiológicos trouxeram um novo conceito para o uso desses produtos. As estrobilurinas possuem efeitos fisiológicos positivos no rendimento das culturas, devido ao aumento da fotossíntese líquida e melhor balanço hormonal. Já o boscalida complementa a ação desses fungicidas, aplicado alternadamente ou em conjunto. O experimento foi instalado e conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes fungicidas na fisiologia e produtividade de plantas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) enxertadas e não enxertadas em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram dez tratamentos resultantes do fatorial: cinco fungicidas x plantas não enxertadas e enxertadas. Os tratamentos com fungicidas foram T1- Testemunha, T2- boscalida + cresoxim-metílico: 10 g + 20 g ingrediente ativo (i.a.) 100 L-1 água, T3- boscalida: 10 g i.a. 100 L-1 água, T4- piraclostrobina: 7,5 g i.a. 100 L-1 água e T5- boscalida + piraclostrobina: 10 g + 5 g i.a. 100 L-1 água. Foram realizadas quatro aplicações, sendo a primeira 30 dias após o transplante das mudas e as demais com intervalo de 14 dias. O efeito dos tratamentos foi avaliado através das observações das seguintes características: produtividade de frutos, massa média de fruto, trocas gasosas, índice de clorofila nas folhas e atividade de enzimas peroxidase (POD), superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e nitrato redutase. Não houve diferença na produtividade entre plantas não enxertadas e enxertadas. Todos os fungicidas testados apresentaram efeitos fisiológicos positivos nas plantas de pimentão enxertadas e não... / Until recently, fungicides were used exclusively for the control of diseases, however observations of physiological effects brought a new concept for the use of these products. Strobilurins have positive physiological effects on crop yields due to increased net photosynthesis and better hormonal balance. Already Boscalid complements the action of these fungicides applied alternately or together. The experiment was conducted at an experimental area, which belongs to the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, in greenhouse conditions. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different application times of Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin in sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.), non-grafted and grafted, in protected cultivation, aiming its physiological effects on plant development and yield. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. Were ten treatments resulting from the factorial: Five fungicides x non-grafted and grafted plants. The fungicide treatments were T1 - Witness , T2 - Boscalid + Kresoxim - methyl (10 g + 20 g) active ingredient (ai) 100 L-1 water - T3 Boscalid: 10 g ai 100 L-1 water; T4-Pyraclostrobin: 100 g 7.5 g ai-1 and T5-Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin 10 g + 5 g ai 100 L-1 water. Four applications were performed, and the first 30 days after transplanting and the other with an interval of 14 days. The effect of the treatments was assessed through observations of the following: fruit yield, average weight of fruit, gas exchange, chlorophyll content in leaves and activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and nitrate reductase. Observed increase in the rate of CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity in all chemical treatments compared to the control, 4 which demonstrates that the fungicides studied have positive physiological effects in this ...