Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauro_Fernando_Gallo.pdf: 1955869 bytes, checksum: ae2de252f340b3da6adc7d24bdc3d4c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-10-24 / The participation and importance of the business combinations through the consolidation, merger and spin-off operations have been increasing in the present context of the world economy. This fact is occurring also in Brazil, mainly due to the world changes that have been causing the competition increasing. This importance is due to not only the transaction quantities but mostly because many times the values involved are extremely high. It is not possible to say it is only a business concentration phenomenon: there are several reasons for the realization of these transactions, with a crescent utilization to reduce effectively the tributary charge assessed to the companies. In Brazil, the utilization of these operations started due to some tax advantages offered by the Federal Government. In 1971, it was created the Comiss?o de Fus?o e Incorporac?o de Empresas - COFIE, a commission connected to Ministry of Finance, in order to coordinate and analyze these tax advantages. The merger transactions were regulated for a long time past, but the spin-off transaction was inserted in the Brazilian legislation only in 1976, through the federal Law nr. 6404/76, known as Lei das S/A - the corporation acts. With this legal regulation, the utilization of the business company combinations has increased in spite of the Brazilian concept differences in relation to the United States of America and Europe ones. It is the case, for instance, of the merger, that they consider as a special type of consolidation. The professionals that work in tributary planning, that is, attorneys, accountants, managers and economists, amplified the business company combination use in Brazil, mainly merger and spin-off, due to the tax advantages reached through the Income Tax reduction, elimination or postponement, for several reasons. The main point of this study is the accounting and tributary ones to show the employment of these operations to substitute the acquisitions, aiming mainly the elimination of the capital gain of the stockholders, being an individual person or a company. The objective of this study was confirmed by the searches: this way of using the business company combination causes problems in the areas of law and accountancy, because in Brazil people are more connected to the juridical way of the fact than the economic one. So it may be concluded that the accountancy and the law professionals have many things to search and develop to improve and differentiate the types of transactions - those involving companies that have the same corporate control and those involving companies pertaining to different economic groups, explaining also the method differences used in the accountancy registers. / As reorganiza????es societ??rias atrav??s dos institutos da fus??o, incorpora????o e cis??o v??m tendo sua participa????o e import??ncia ampliadas no cen??rio atual da economia mundial, inclusive no Brasil, principalmente devido ?? globaliza????o e ao crescimento da concorr??ncia. Essa import??ncia deve-se n??o apenas ao quantitativo de opera????es, mas tamb??m ao fato de que os valores envolvidos muitas vezes s??o bem elevados. Tamb??m n??o se pode afirmar que ?? apenas um fen??meno de concentra????o empresarial: h?? in??meras e variadas raz??es para a efetiva????o dessas opera????es, com sua crescente utiliza????o como forma de redu????o do ??nus tribut??rio aplicado ??s empresas. No Brasil, o emprego dessas opera????es foi implementado utilizando-se alguns benef??cios fiscais concedidos pelo Governo Federal; criou-se em 1971 a Comiss??o de Fus??o e Incorpora????o de Empresas - COFIE, ligada ao Minist??rio da Fazenda, com a finalidade de coordenar e analisar a concess??o desses benef??cios fiscais. A fus??o e a incorpora????o j?? eram devidamente regulamentadas h?? um bom tempo, mas a cis??o somente foi introduzida na legisla????o brasileira atrav??s da Lei das Sociedades An??nimas, em 1976. Com isso, ampliou-se a utiliza????o de tais institutos, apesar de em nossa legisla????o societ??ria e fiscal haver algumas diferen??as conceituais em rela????o aos Estados Unidos e Europa: ?? o caso da incorpora????o, que l?? ?? considerada como um tipo especial de fus??o. Os profissionais que operam com planejamento tribut??rio, sejam advogados, contadores, administradores e economistas, ampliaram o emprego principalmente da incorpora????o e cis??o no Brasil devido ??s vantagens fiscais alcan??adas atrav??s da redu????o, elimina????o ou posterga????o de Imposto de Renda, por diversas raz??es. O foco principal deste estudo compreende as ??reas cont??bil e tribut??ria, com o fim de demonstrar o emprego dessas opera????es em substitui????o ??s de aquisi????o, visando principalmente a elimina????o do ganho de capital dos acionistas ou quotistas, sejam pessoas f??sicas ou jur??dicas. Conforme era o objetivo do estudo, pelas pesquisas desenvolvidas confirmou-se tal utiliza????o, provocando essa forma de emprego distor????es tanto no campo jur??dico como nos procedimentos cont??beis adotados, vez que no Brasil preocupa-se mais com a forma jur??dica do que com a econ??mica dos fatos. Isso leva a concluir que tanto os profissionais da contabilidade como os do direito t??m muito a pesquisar e desenvolver para aperfei??oar e distinguir essas opera????es, tanto as ocorridas entre empresas sob o mesmo controle societ??rio quanto entre as pertencentes a grupos econ??micos distintos, clarificando inclusive as diferencia????es dos m??todos adotados nos registros cont??beis.

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2017-02-06T23:53:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Amauri_Laino_Tavares.pdf: 2637187 bytes, checksum: 52e1aa08ebb38c3a58184830dada23e5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-06T23:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Amauri_Laino_Tavares.pdf: 2637187 bytes, checksum: 52e1aa08ebb38c3a58184830dada23e5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / The objective of this work is to compare the behavior of indicators of efficiency of acquirers and dominant financial institutions in M&A operations in Brazil before and after these transactions. To fulfill the objectives of this research an event study was performed considering sixty transactions between 1994 and 2012, which also considered 17 indicators classified in three categories: I- Profit Efficiency, II- Operational Efficiency and III- Managerial Efficiency. The comparison was made through parametric and non-parametric tests in order to identify significant changes in the cross sectional efficiency levels of the firms in the post-transaction moment. The results showed that for a significance ?=0.10, amongst the 17 variables, seven behaved diferently after the operations. Of the four ratios of the category I-Profit Efficiency, the one that presented significant changes performed worse in terms of Operating Profit on Total Assets. In regards to the eleven indicators of the category II- Operating Efficiency, there were five identified with significant variations, amongst them, the only one that showed improved efficiency was the ratio of Administrative Expenses on Credit Operations. On the other hand, the other four variables, Operating Expenses on Total Assets, Total Expenses on Total Assets, Expenses in Financial Intermediation on Debt, and Other Operating Expenses on Total Expenses showed reduction of operating efficiency. Last, for the category III-Managerial Efficiency, of its two indicators, only the indicator of Profits before Taxes on Equity demonstrated significant variations, which showed losses in terms of efficiency as well. The conclusions about the analysis of these variations suggest that, although M&A's motivations are frequently explained as a possibility of gain in terms of efficiency for the merged companies, it was not possible to find evidence of the predominance of these benefits in the Brazilian bank industry operations yet. It makes it necessary to perform additional research that investigates the possibility of the existence of other type of gains due to theses events. / O objetivo deste trabalho ?? comparar o comportamento de indicadores de efici??ncia de institui????es financeiras adquirentes ou dominantes em processos de Fus??es e Aquisi????es no Brasil nos per??odos anterior e posterior ?? realiza????o destas opera????es. Para o cumprimento do objetivo foi realizado um estudo de evento que abrangeu sessenta transa????es realizadas entre 1994 e 2012, o qual considerou 17 indicadores classificados em tr??s categorias: I-Efici??ncia de Lucros, II- Efici??ncia Operacional e III- Efici??ncia Gerencial. A compara????o foi realizada por meio de testes de diferen??as de m??dias (param??tricos) e medianas (n??o param??tricos) com o intuito de se identificarem altera????es significantes nos patamares de efici??ncia em cross section das institui????es no per??odo p??s-transa????o. Os resultados mostraram que para um n??vel de signific??ncia ?=0,10, dentre as 17 vari??veis estudadas, sete comportaram-se diferentemente ap??s as opera????es. Dos quatro indicadores classificados na categoria I-Efici??ncia de Lucros apenas um apresentou altera????o significante, implicando perda de efici??ncia em termos de Lucro Operacional sobre Ativo Total. Com rela????o aos onze indicadores da categoria II- Efici??ncia Operacional foi identificado que cinco deles apresentaram mudan??as significantes, sendo que o ??nico deste grupo que implicou ganhos de efici??ncia foi o indicador de Despesas Administrativas sobre Opera????es de Cr??dito. Por outro lado, as outras quatro vari??veis, Despesas Operacionais sobre Ativo Total, Despesas Totais sobre Ativo Total, Despesas da Intermedia????o Financeira sobre Passivos e Outras Despesas Operacionais sobre Despesas Totais mostraram perda de efici??ncia. Finalmente, para a categoria III- Efici??ncia Gerencial, dentre seus dois indicadores, apenas o indicador de Resultado antes de Impostos sobre Patrim??nio L??quido demonstrou altera????o significante, apontando tamb??m redu????o de efici??ncia. As conclus??es acerca da an??lise do comportamento das vari??veis indicam que, apesar de a ocorr??ncia de F&A ser frequentemente motivada por poss??veis ganhos de efici??ncia ??s empresas fundidas, ainda n??o ?? poss??vel constatar predomin??ncia desse fen??meno entre as opera????es promovidas por institui????es financeiras banc??rias no Brasil. Torna-se ent??o necess??ria ent??o, a realiza????o de estudos adicionais que explorem a possibilidade de exist??ncia de outras formas de ganhos em decorr??ncia desses eventos.

La thérapie par faisceaux ultrasonores focalisés de forte intensité (HIFU / High Intensity Focused Ultrasound) est une nouvelle technique d’ablation tissulaire, fondée sur la focalisation de faisceaux ultrasonores de forte intensité pour réaliser une élévation de température capable de créer une nécrose thermique. Le cerveau a été jusqu’à présent peu accessible aux ultrasons car il est protégé par la boîte crânienne. Mais de nouvelles techniques de focalisation par correction des aberrations des faisceaux ultrasonores laissent espérer des applications prochaines en intracrânien, où l’HIFU pourrait constituer une intéressante alternative à la chirurgie et à la radiothérapie stéréotaxique. Le but général de ce travail a été de tester la thérapie HIFU contrôlée par Imagerie de Résonance Magnétique (IRM) pour le traitement des tumeurs cérébrales dans un modèle petit animal in vivo de tumeur cérébrale. Nous espérons ainsi fournir des apports sur la thérapie HIFU et ses effets biologiques sur le cerveau et les tumeurs cérébrales, connaissances nécessaires avant de passer à des études cliniques chez l’homme. Le plan de ce travail est le suivant : 1) développement d’un protocole de thérapie HIFU contrôlé par IRM sur le cerveau sain et sur un modèle de tumeur RG2 greffée en intracérébral chez le rat ; 2) étude des effets biologiques de l’HIFU par l’IRM et l’examen anatomo-pathologique sur le tissu cérébral sain et la tumeur RG2 en intracérébral, montrant une sensibilité variable des tissus à l’hyperthermie ; 3) étude de sécurité (tolérance et effets indésirables), démonstration d’efficacité sur la tumeur RG2 (ralentissement de l’évolution tumorale et augmentation de la survie des animaux traités). En conclusion, l’HIFU a montré sa précision et son efficacité dans le traitement de la tumeur RG2 greffée en intracérébral chez le rat. Cette technique n’est cependant pas exempte de complications, notamment un œdème périlésionnel et des hémorragies intratumorales. / High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) therapy is an innovative approach for tissue ablation, based on high intensity focused ultrasound beams. At focus, HIFU induces a temperature elevation and the tissue can be thermally destroyed. For transcranial brain therapy, the skull bone is a major limitation but new adaptive techniques for focusing ultrasound through the skull are underway and in the near future HIFU therapy could be an interesting alternative to brain surgery and radiotherapy.The overall aim of this work is to test HIFU therapy guided by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRgHIFU) for the treatment of brain tumors in an in vivo brain tumor model in rodent in order to provide inputs for future regulatory approval for clinical trial with a clinical prototype. In this work: 1) a dedicated system for transcranial MRgHIFU in an in vivo rat brain tumor model was developed, and a full protocol was applied in healthy brain tissue of rats and in transplanted tumors; 2) the biological effects of HIFU therapy was evaluated using MRI and histology in healthy brain tissue and in RG2 brain tumor, showing a different tissue sensibility for hyperthermia; 3) tolerance and side effects were investigated and the treatment was shown to improve the animal survival time by 50%. In conclusion, HIFU therapy has proved its accuracy and efficacy in the treatment of the RG2 brain tumor transplanted intracerebral in rats. However this technique is not free of complications, in particular edema and hemorrhages.

Mes travaux de thèse portent sur l’application de l’imagerie fUS (functional ultrasound imaging) à l’imagerie cérébrale préclinique chez le petit animal. Le but était de transformer cette technique d’imagerie cérébrale récente en un véritable outil de quantification de l’état cérébral. Les objectifs principaux ont été de démontrer la faisabilité de l’imagerie fUS chez le petit animal non anesthésié ainsi que de passer du modèle rat au modèle souris - modèle de choix en imagerie préclinique en neurosciences - de surcroît de façon non invasive. J’ai tout d’abord mis au point une nouvelle séquence d’imagerie ultrasonore ultrarapide (Multiplane Wave imaging), permettant d’améliorer le rapport signal-à-bruit des images grâce à l’augmentation virtuelle de l’amplitude du signal émis, sans diminuer la cadence ultrarapide d’acquisition. Dans un deuxième temps j’ai démontré la possibilité d’imager le cerveau de la souris et du jeune rat anesthésiés par échographie Doppler ultrarapide, de manière transcrânienne et complètement non invasive, sans chirurgie ni injection d’agents de contraste. J’ai ensuite mis au point un montage expérimental, une séquence ultrasonore et un protocole expérimental permettant de réaliser de l’imagerie fUS de manière minimalement invasive chez des souris éveillées et libres de leurs mouvements. Enfin, j’ai démontré la possibilité d’utiliser le fUS pour étudier la connectivité fonctionnelle du cerveau au repos (sans stimulus) chez des souris éveillées ou sédatées. L’imagerie fUS et la combinaison « modèle souris » + « minimalement invasif » + « animal éveillé » + « connectivité fonctionnelle » constituent un outil précieux pour la communauté des neuroscientifiques travaillant sur des modèles animaux pathologiques ou de nouvelles molécules pharmacologiques / My work focuses on the application of fUS (functional ultrasound) imaging to preclinical brain imaging in small animals. The goal of my thesis was to turn this recent vascular brain imaging technique into a quantifying tool for cerebral state. The main objectives were to demonstrate the feasibility of fUS imaging in the non-anaesthetized small rodents and to move from rat model imaging to mouse model imaging –most used model for preclinical studies in neuroscience-, while developing the least invasive imaging protocols. First, I have developed a new ultrafast ultrasonic imaging sequence (Multiplane Wave imaging), improving the image signal-to-noise ratio by virtually increasing emitted signal amplitude, without reducing the ultrafast framerate. Then, I have demonstrated the possibility to use ultrafast Doppler ultrasound imaging to image both the mouse brain and the young rat brain, non-invasively and through the intact skull, without surgery or contrast agents injection. Next, I have developed an experimental setup, an ultrasound sequence and an experimental protocol to perform minimally invasive fUS imaging in awake and freely-moving mice. Finally, I have demonstrated the possibility to use fUS imaging to study the functional connectivity of the brain in a resting state in awake or sedated mice, still in a transcranial and minimally invasive way. fUS imaging and the combination of "mouse model" + "minimally invasive" + "awake animal" + "functional connectivity" represent a very promising tool for the neuroscientist community working on pathological animal models or new pharmacological molecules

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 432076.pdf: 1628489 bytes, checksum: 51ba79a29eeda66dc2de630d5244c79d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / A competitividade no ambiente empresarial tem feito com que muitas empresas se valham de estrat?gias baseadas em fus?es e aquisi??es como alternativas ao crescimento ou mesmo para neutralizar efeitos oriundos de um ambiente externo competitivo. Al?m disso, processos decis?rios estrat?gicos envolvendo opera??es de fus?es e aquisi??es se caracterizam pela complexidade e n?o-linearidade, pois os efeitos das decis?es estrat?gicas tomadas se estender?o no tempo, sendo dif?ceis de avaliar. Por outro lado, a literatura ? carente de referencial sobre os processos decis?rios estrat?gicos do ponto de vista das empresas adquiridas, quando confrontadas com uma proposta de fus?o ou aquisi??o. Assim, esta disserta??o objetiva analisar como ocorrem os processos decis?rios estrat?gicos em opera??es de fus?o ou aquisi??o em empresas adquiridas, voltando sua aten??o, especificamente, para empresas do segmento de Servi?os e Tecnologia da Informa??o, localizadas no sul do Brasil. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de car?ter qualitativo, com corte transversal, baseada no m?todo de estudo de casos m?ltiplos, em que tr?s casos foram analisados. A coleta de dados foi feita atrav?s de entrevistas, complementadas pela an?lise documental, quando poss?vel. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi sustentado pelo levantamento de referencial te?rico sobre estrat?gia corporativa, processos de fus?es e aquisi??es e sobre decis?es estrat?gicas, que serviu de base para a defini??o dos instrumentos de pesquisa. Para selecionar os casos, levou-se em conta que tivessem ocorrido h? menos de dois anos, terem ocorrido no Rio Grande do Sul e que os dirigentes das empresas de origem tivessem permanecido na gest?o das empresas resultantes da opera??o. A an?lise dos resultados identificou a forma como os processos de fus?es e aquisi??es ocorrem, na ?tica das empresas adquiridas, bem como quais s?o as etapas pelas quais passam os processos decis?rios estrat?gicos nessas situa??es. Al?m disso, constatou-se quais s?o as abordagens ligadas ?s decis?es estrat?gicas, obtidas na literatura, que mais ocorrem em tais situa??es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EleniseBBA_TESE.pdf: 3505529 bytes, checksum: 6fbefc3f97e2fee0bbc0545b60e3c26e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The power industry generates as waste ceramic bodies of electrical fuses that are discarded after use. The formulation of ceramic bodies for porcelain electrical insulators using waste from the bodies fuse allocation promotes environmentally appropriate, through the reuse of the material. This work evaluated the technical feasibility of using waste for use in electrical porcelains with formulations containing the residue, feldspar and kaolinite. The raw materials were processed through grinding and sieving to 200 mesh. The ceramic material obtained from the proposed formulations with 25%, 30%, 34% and 40% of the residue went through a vibratory mill for grinding and homogenization, and then were sieved at 325 mesh. The samples were shaped in a uniaxial press, with the application of 25 MPa and sintered at 1100? C, 1150?C, 1200?C, 1225?C and 1250?C, at levels of 20 and 45 minutes. Were also developed bodies of evidence with reference formulations obtained without residue, to establish a comparison on physical, mechanical and electrical. The tests were conducted and technology: linear shrinkage, porosity, water absorption, resistance to bending to three points, measuring insulation resistance electrical resistivity of the material, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence Waste characterizations pointed to the existence of two phases: mullite and quartz phases are of great importance in the microstructure of the ceramic and this fact reveals a possibility for reuse in electrical porcelains. The mullite is an important constituent because it is a phase that makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength in addition to the body allows the use at high temperatures. The use of ceramic bodies residue fuses, proved feasible for application in electrical porcelain and the most significant results were obtained by the formulations with 25% waste and sintering at 1200?C / O setor el?trico gera como res?duo os corpos cer?micos de fus?veis el?tricos que s?o descartados ap?s o uso. A formula??o de massas cer?micas para porcelanas el?tricas utilizando res?duos oriundos de corpos de fus?veis promove uma destina??o ambiental adequada, por meio do reaproveitamento do material. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a viabilidade t?cnica da utiliza??o do res?duo para a aplica??o em porcelanas el?tricas com formula??es contendo o res?duo, feldspato e argila caulin?tica. As mat?rias primas foram processadas passando por moagem e peneiramento a 200 Mesh. As massas cer?micas obtidas a partir das formula??es propostas com 25%, 30%, 34% e 40% do res?duo passaram por um moinho vibrat?rio para homogeneiza??o e moagem e depois foram peneiradas a 325 Mesh. Os corpos de prova foram conformados em uma prensa uniaxial, com aplica??o de 25 Mpa e sinterizados a 1100?C, 1150?C, 1200?C, 1225?C e 1250?C, com patamares de 20 e 45 minutos. Foram desenvolvidos tamb?m corpos de provas com formula??es de refer?ncia obtidas sem o res?duo, para estabelecer um comparativo na caracteriza??o f?sica, mec?nica e el?trica. Os ensaios e tecnol?gicos realizados foram: retra??o linear, porosidade, absor??o de ?gua, resist?ncia a flex?o a tr?s pontos, medi??o de resist?ncia de isola??o el?trica, resistividade do material, difra??o de raios X e fluoresc?ncia de raios X. A caracteriza??o do res?duo apontou para a exist?ncia de duas fases: mulita e quartzo, que s?o fases de grande import?ncia na microestrutura do material cer?mico e esse fato revela uma possibilidade para o reaproveitamento em porcelanas el?tricas. A mulita ? um importante constituinte pois ? uma fase que possibilita a eleva??o da resist?ncia mec?nica al?m de permite a utiliza??o do corpo em elevadas temperaturas. O uso do res?duo cer?micos dos corpos de fus?veis, se mostrou vi?vel para a aplica??o em porcelanas el?tricas e os resultados mais significativos foram obtidos pelas formula??es com 25% de res?duo e sinteriza??o a 1200?C

Les épilepsies sont des hyperactivités neuronales pathologiques largement distribuées au sein du système nerveux. Aborder la question de l'organisation spatiotemporelle de ces crises est un premier pas crucial vers la dissection des mécanismes qui les sous-tendent. Alors qu'il existe de nombreux modèles d'hyperactivité épileptiforme, il est plus difficile d'étudier les crises spontanées, qui sont altérées par la sédation. Dans cette thèse, j'ai développé une approche combinant l'électroencéphalogramme (EEG) avec l'imagerie fonctionnelle ultrasonore (fUS), sur le rat mobile. Ainsi, sur un modèle d'épilepsie absence, j'ai pu enregistrer simultanément la survenue des crises et les variations hémodynamiques, marqueurs du métabolisme cellulaire. Le suivi additionnel de l'activité hémodynamique n'avait pas d'effet en soi sur l'occurrence et la durée des crises épileptiques. L'analyse des enregistrements a permis de mettre en évidence des corrélations entre les activités électriques et vasculaires durant les crises. Tandis que le thalamus présentait des zones d'hyperperfusion pendant les crises, le cortex présentait des corrélats variables suivant les aires, avec une hyperémie des aires somato-sensorielles accompagnée parfois d'une baisse de perfusion des tissus adjacents. La sensibilité du fUS a révélé, à partir d'événements uniques, qu'une série de pointe-ondes observée par une électrode EEG ne s'accompagne pas toujours d'une hyperactivité vasculaire au même endroit. Ainsi, cette approche permet de délimiter le contour des aires présentant une activité vasculaire pendant les crises et montre une dichotomie partielle entre les composantes électriques et vasculaires des crises. / Epilepsies consist in neuronal hyperactivities distributed across the nervous system that need first to be located in order to later decipher the mechanisms of these pathologies. While there are many models of epileptiform hyperactivity, it is more difficult to study spontaneous seizures, which are altered by sedation. In this thesis, I developed an approach that combines electroencephalography (EEG) and functional ultrasound imaging (fUS), on the mobile rat. Thus, on a model of absence epilepsy, I could record simultaneously the occurrence of seizures and the hemodynamic variations, which reflect cellular metabolism. Seizures were unaltered by the recording protocol, compared to rats with EEG alone. Correlations were observed between electric and vascular activities. The thalamus showed areas of hyperperfusion during seizures. The cortex exhibited different correlates in distinct areas, with hyperaemia in somato-sensory areas, occasionally associated with a decrease in perfusion in adjacent tissue. The sensitivity of fUS, which could resolve blood changes from single occurrences, revealed that series of spike-wave discharges recorded from an EEG electrode were not always associated with vascular hyperactivity in the same region. Thus, this approach can delimit the contour of areas presenting vascular activity during seizures and shows a partial dichotomy between the electric and vascular components of seizures.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-10T22:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAparecidaFernandes_DISSERT.pdf: 1521396 bytes, checksum: d1543fe188d65d762caa9c3089c5b341 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-17T23:45:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAparecidaFernandes_DISSERT.pdf: 1521396 bytes, checksum: d1543fe188d65d762caa9c3089c5b341 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-17T23:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAparecidaFernandes_DISSERT.pdf: 1521396 bytes, checksum: d1543fe188d65d762caa9c3089c5b341 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A fam?lia Acanthuridae ? um grupo bastante representativo dentre os peixes marinhos e que desempenha um papel fundamental na din?mica ecol?gica dos recifes de corais. Tr?s esp?cies pertencentes ao g?nero Acanthurus s?o comuns ao longo dos recifes costeiros do Atl?ntico Ocidental: A. coeruleus, A. bahianus e A. chirurgus. No presente estudo, s?o apresentados dados citogen?ticos para estas tr?s esp?cies de Acanthurus com base em m?todos citogen?ticos cl?ssicos e no mapeamento de sequ?ncias ribossomais repetitivas, como DNAr 18S e 5S, al?m de sondas telom?ricas com a finalidade de auxiliar na compreens?o da carioevolu??o deste grupo. O padr?o citogen?tico dessas esp?cies indica que as etapas sequenciais de rearranjos cromoss?micos, que datam 19-5 milh?es de anos atr?s (Ma), s?o respons?veis por suas diferen?as interespec?ficas. Acanthurus coeruleus (2n=48; 2sm + 4st + 42a), A. bahianus (2n=36; 12m + 2sm + 4st + 18a) e A. chirurgus (2n=34; 12m + 2sm + 4st + 16a) compartilham um antigo conjunto de tr?s pares cromoss?micos originados atrav?s de invers?es peric?ntricas. Um conjunto de seis grandes pares metac?ntricos formados por transloca??es Robertsonianas (Rb) encontrado em A. bahianus e A. chirurgus e uma suposta fus?o em tandem presente em A. chirurgus s?o eventos mais recentes. A falta de sequ?ncias telom?ricas intersticiais (ITS), apesar de v?rias fus?es c?ntricas em A. bahianus e A. chirurgus pode estar relacionada com o longo per?odo de tempo ap?s a sua ocorr?ncia (estimado em 5 Ma). Al?m disso, as homeologias entre os pares de cromossomos que carregam os genes ribossomais, al?m de outras caracter?sticas estruturais, destacam grandes regi?es cromoss?micas conservadas nas tr?s esp?cies. Nossos resultados indicam que as mudan?as macroestruturais ocorreram durante a cladog?nese dessas esp?cies n?o foram seguidas por rearranjos microestruturais vis?veis nos cari?tipos. / The Acanthuridae family is a representative group from the marine fish that plays a key role in ecological dynamics of coral reefs. Three species are common along coastal reefs of Western Atlantic: Acanthurus coeruleus, Acanthurus bahianus and Acanthurus chirurgus. In the present study, cytogenetic data are presented for these three species Acanthurus based on classical cytogenetic methods and mapping of repetitive sequences such as ribosomal 18S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeats to improve their karyotype evolutionary analyses. The cytogenetic pattern of these species indicated sequential steps of chromosomal rearrangements dating back 19 to 5 millions of years ago (M.a.) that accounted for their interspecific differences. A. coeruleus (2n=48; 2sm+4st+42a), A. bahianus (2n=36; 12m+2sm+4st+18a) and A. chirurgus (2n=34; 12m+2sm+4st+16a) share an older set of three chromosomal pairs that were originated through pericentric inversions. A set of six large metacentric pairs formed by Robertsonian (Rb) translocations found in A. bahianus and A. chirurgus and a putative in tandem fusion found in A. chirurgus are more recent events. The lack of interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) in spite of several centric fusions in A. bahianus and A. chirurgus might be related to the long period of time after their occurrence (estimated in 5 M.a.). Furthermore, the homeologies among the chromosome pairs bearing ribosomal genes, in addition to other structural features, highlight large conserved chromosomal regions in the three species. Our findings indicate that macrostructural changes occurred during the cladogenesis of these species were not followed by conspicuous microstructural rearrangements in the karyotypes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreMS.pdf: 553881 bytes, checksum: b2c5c5f17b0c8205f6f6da967252fae4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-10 / ?This work presents the localization and path planning systems for two robots: a non-instrumented humanoid and a slave wheeled robot. The localization of wheeled robot is made using odometry information and landmark detection. These informations are fused using a Extended Kalman Filter. The relative position of humanoid is acquired fusing (using another Kalman Filter) the wheeled robot pose with the characteristics of the landmark on the back of humanoid. Knowing the wheeled robot position and the humanoid relative position in relation to it, we acquired the absolute position of humanoid. The path planning system was developed to provide the cooperative movement of the two robots,incorporating the visibility restrictions of the robotic system / ?Esse trabalho apresentar? os sistemas de localiza??o e planejamento de caminho para um sistema rob?tico formado por um human?ide n?o instrumentado e um rob? escravo com rodas. O objetivo do sistema ? efetuar a navega??o do human?ide, que n?o possui sensores mas que pode ser remotamente controlado por infra-vermelhos, utilizando um rob? escravo com rodas. O rob? com rodas dever? se posicionar atr?s do human?ide e, atrav?s da imagem, estabelecer o posicionamento relativo do human?ide em rela??o a ele. A localiza??o do rob? com rodas ser? obtida fundindo informa??es de odometria e detec??o de marcos utilizando o Filtro de Kalman Extendido. A posi??o relativa do hu-man?ide ser? encontrada a partir da fus?o da pose do rob? com rodas juntamente com as caracter?sticas do marco fixado nas costas do human?ide utilizando outro Filtro de Kalman. Sabendo a posi??o do rob? com rodas e a posi??o relativa do human?ide em rela??o a ele tem-se a posi??o absoluta do human?ide. O planejador de caminho foi desenvolvido de forma a proporcionar a movimenta??o cooperativa dos dois rob?s incorporando as restri??es de visibilidade existente do sistema rob?tico.

No description available.