This paper describes our game engine written in C++, using the DirectX libraries for graphics, sound and input. Since the engine is written using DirectX, an introduction to this system is given. The report gives a description of the structure of the game and the game kernel. Following this is a description of the graphics engine and its core components. The main focus of the engine is on the physics and how it is used in the game to simulate reality. Input is discussed briefly, with examples to show how it relates to the physics engine. Implementation of audio in the game engine is not described, but a general description of how sound is used in games is given. A theory for the basics of how artificial intelligence can be used in the engine is presented. The system for the architecture of the levels is described as is its connection to the graphics engine. The last section of the report is an evaluation and suggestions for what to do in the future. A user manual for the level editor is included as an appendix.

View of rational choice in coherence with ultimatum game. Rational choice theory adjusted by joining behavioral economics to better comprehend decision-making processes. In this thesis I focus on researching strong influences using multiple simple games. Namely: ultimatum game, dictator game and modifications of previous. They will be carried out by online questionnaire. Next step will be analysis of components to determine significant ones and impact of game's modifications. I assume that decision-maker's rationality will be disproven. This thesis will continue with assessing influence of risk and fear of loss. Goal is to gather enough of detailed data about motivations and participants in order to perform analysis and establish statistically significant influences.

With the development of media technology and game evolution, games are endowed with multiple purposes and functions. Some scholars believe that the game is the supplement of the real world, which can affect the players' psychology and behaviour. Numerous studies show that games can make players accept challenges, overcome obstacles, arouse positive emotions and solve problems. Therefore, academia's research on games and related topics in learning has become increasingly popular. In response, different models have emerged to evaluate the design of active educational games.This research discusses how different game mechanisms affect players. Also, this study used a prototype game as output media to examine the impact of various game mechanisms on learning. The purpose of this study is to explore how to choose a more suitable game mechanism in the design of educational games. The research results include that some game mechanisms promote learning motivation and improve learning outcomes. At the same time, some game mechanisms have the risk of reducing learning motivation. Through these findings, the researcher of this study believes that educational games can bring positive influence and help to players' learning. However, how to choose a suitable game mechanism in the design of educational games is worthy of serious consideration for making design decisions.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第24741号 / 情博第829号 / 新制||情||139(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科数理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 山下 信雄, 教授 太田 快人, 教授 永持 仁 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Abstract The goal of this project was to create a fantasy style board game prototype that is playable and enjoyable for people new to fantasy tabletop gaming. I assembled a group of 4-5 regular tabletop board game players to play test the game as well as a second group of 4-5 family members and friends to play test who aren't regular board game players. We began with a general base game that evolved with each playtest from feedback given by the playtesters. After about 18-20 play tests, I settled on game mechanics and moved on to creating the assets of the game which include a 21 by 21 inch board, four player character miniatures, four chest miniatures, four tokens, and a basic enemy miniature. The game, became a four player free-for-all with the goal of leaving the dungeon with the dungeon's treasure. After creating the assets using Photoshop and ZBrush, we used 2D and 3D printing to make the assets physical. Afterwards, we had a final playtest where each of our players expressed excitement and enjoyment. While the board game isn’t perfect, I accomplished creating a fun board game prototype that can be pitched to board game creating business or self started with slight refinements. All final Images can be found on my portfolio at https://kurt_creates.artstation.com

Satisficing game theory is an alternative to traditional non-cooperative game theory which offers increased flexibility in modeling players' social interactions. However, satisficing players with conflicting attitudes may implement dysfunctional behaviors, leading to poor performance. In this thesis, we present two attempts to "bridge the gap" between satisficing and non-cooperative game theory. First, we present an evolutionary method by which players adapt their attitudes to increase raw payoff, allowing players to overcome dysfunction. We extend the Nash equilibrium concept to satisficing games, showing that the evolutionary method presented leads the players toward an equilibrium in their attitudes. Second, we introduce the conditional utility functions of satisficing theory into an otherwise traditional non-cooperative framework. While the conditional structure allows increased social flexibility in the players' behaviors, players maximize individual utility in the traditional sense, allowing us to apply the Nash equilibrium. We find that, by adjusting players' attitudes, we may alter the Nash equilibria that result.

We have not been able to find a lot of research that defines and categorises different kinds of inventory systems. This thesis expands on what makes an inventory system what it is and how different active inventory systems differ from each other. There’s a lack of non-generic language both in research and everyday discussions between friends that we aim to alleviate. We adapt and make use of an existing pattern creation method as well as an immersive-participatory method to play and analyse nine games that all make use of inventory systems in very different ways. Through this method we created three game design patterns that describe the differences in limitation and presentation within active inventory systems; allocated inventories, numerical inventories and spatial inventories.

Teaching and learning mathematical functions and graphs pose significant challenges for teachers and students. Students often have difficulty in understanding a functional relationship between two quantities such as distance and time, temperature and precipitation, and gas price and number of gallons. Teaching students to have quantitative thinking about functions can help them understand the rate of change for complicated functions and later succeed in learning Calculus. Traditional educational methods such as static graph images and some learning tools usually have some limitations. Teaching students the dynamic changes of quantities within the static picture has serious difficulties. Compared to the learning tools, the game-based learning increases interest when students are learning complicated functions. This thesis presents a game-based learning application called Functions Fun, which runs on iPad tablet computers. The game is created to teach / learn the following functions: Linear, Quadratic, Exponential, Logarithmic, Trigonometric, and Polynomial with degrees over four. Each function is covered under a game level. The game setting is a jungle environment. Each game level has its own scene, challenging the player to take an action while teaching a function and its graphical representation. Functions Fun enables students to play and learn functions and graphs in a more effective and entertaining manner. / Master of Science / Teaching functions and graphs plays an important role in mathematics education. Teachers and researchers emphasize the need for students to form the quantitative thinking habits when they are learning different function graphs. This thesis presents Functions Fun, an iPad educational game that aims to help secondary students to understand function graphs by varying two quantities x and y such as distance and time, temperature and precipitation, and gas price and number of gallons. Adventure game is chosen as the game genre and six real-life models related to the following six functions are created: Linear, Quadratic, Exponential, Logarithmic, Trigonometric, and Polynomial with degrees over four. Each function is covered under a game level. The game setting is a jungle environment. Players are rewarded for their accomplishments. Through game effects and animations, students can have a better understanding of how the value changes of variables x and y influence the shape of graphs.

How do participants in communities of play centered around digital games engage with history? The historiographic influences of ludic form have been closely scrutinized in recent years, but little attention has been paid to the digital cultures—to the communities of play— which center the discussion and play of these historical games. My study aimed to closely examine one such community centered around the grand strategy game Crusader Kings III, released by Paradox Interactive in 2020. I use discourse analysis together with grounded theory to examine the game Crusader Kings III alongside two primary sites found on reddit and Paradox Interactive official forum. Chapter 1 provides the literature review alongside the project's methodology, and chapter 2 analyzes the artifact at the center of the study—Crusader Kings III itself. Chapter 3 moves to examine the first major site, the r/CrusaderKings subreddit, and presents the heuristics developed to identify historical discourse alongside the primary discursive genres involved. Chapter 4 focuses on the second major site, the Paradox Interactive official forum, and places the game and community in a temporal context in order to explore how the cyclical and iterative nature of the Games-as-a-Service model acts as a new mode of game production that shapes historical discourse and historiographic consciousness in the community. Chapter 5 then revisits the research questions at the heart of this study, discussing the dominant discourses of historioludic critique and imaginative (a)historical roleplay narration which weave history into play and play discourse. Finally, I present the synthesis of each chapter's methodological work, a form of discourse analysis—historioludic discourse analysis—that operationalizes historical game studies' grammars of form into those of mode within the assemblage of play.