Evaluation of solid-phase microextraction as an alternative official method for analysis of polymers migration. The objective this study was to compaire the official methods with solid-phase microextraction (SPME)for the analysis of compounds migrating from cross-linked polyethylene into water. A medium polarity polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB)was proved most efficient for the SPME extraction. However, when applied to water samples in contact with polyethylene, SPME proved to be immensely more sensitive and have a greater extraction range than liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). It was proved the migration of Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl). Concentration of this compound 0,6-0,15mg/l.It was proved the migration of Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl).

Aujourd'hui, la gestion du risque en milieu profesionnel ainsi que l'évaluation de l'exposition aux polluants, tels que les Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) présents dans l'air deviennent une nécessité tant la qualité de l'air des lieux de travail peut être à l'origine de problèmes de santé ou de maladies professionnelles reconnues. Dans le but de répondre à ces exigences de sécurité, l'Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 a institutionnalisé et développé une Cellule Analyse Hygiène Sécurité et Environnement en lien direct avec le service SHS préexistant. Cette cellule est chargée de la mise en place d'une méthodologie de surveillance de la qualité de l'air intérieur de l'ensemble des locaux de l'université (14 sites, environ 80 laboratoires) en accord avec le code du travail et de l'environnement. Afin de pouvoir assurer l'ensemble des analyses inhérentes aux lieux de travail, le SHS a défini 45 composés comme prioritaires ajoutés à la liste du SHS et portent à 93 le nombre de COV identifiés et quantifiés. La méthode de séparation et d'identification mise en place permet d'atteindre des limites de quantification largement inférieures aux VLCT et VLEP 8 heures fixées par la législation. Des campagnes de prélèvement ont pu ainsi être organisées en collaboration avec le SHS et être lancées au sein de l'université

La consommation excessive d'alcool présente des risques élevés pour l'individu et pour la société ; elle est fréquemment associée à une augmentation du risque d'accidents, d'actes de violence, et peut également conduire à court et/ou à long terme à de graves maladies et à des problèmes sociaux. Dès lors, l'utilisation de marqueurs fiables permettant de détecter une consommation excessive d'alcool, ponctuelle ou chronique, s'avère nécessaire pour prévenir des conséquences néfastes de l'abus d'alcool. L'éthylglucuronide (EtG) est un marqueur d'alcoolisation utilisé en toxicologie clinique (alcoologie) et médicolégale. Par rapport aux marqueurs indirects d'alcoolisation (CDT, γ-GT), ce métabolite mineur de l'éthanol est très spécifique et est quantifiable dans diverses matrices biologiques. La production d'EtG est catalysée par des enzymes de la famille des UDP-glucuronosyl-transférases (UGT). Cependant, les UGT impliquées dans la glucuronoconjugaison de l'éthanol, ainsi que les sources potentielles de variabilité interindividuelle de la production d'EtG, sont encore mal connues. Nos travaux ont ainsi consisté à (1) développer et valider une méthode de dosage de l'EtG dans différentes matrices biologiques par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem, (2) identifier les UGT humaines impliquées dans la glucuronoconjugaison de l'éthanol et étudier la contribution relative de chaque isoforme active au niveau hépatique, (3) étudier l'impact de substances fréquemment utilisées par les consommateurs d'alcool sur la production d'EtG in vitro, (4) étudier l'impact de polymorphismes génétiques fonctionnels des UGT sur la production hépatique d'EtG, et enfin (5) évaluer l'impact de la consommation de cannabis et d'autres drogues sur la production d'EtG à l'aide de prélèvements post-mortem. Ces travaux ont notamment permis de montrer que (1) l'éthanol est glucuronoconjugué principalement par le foie, puis dans une moindre mesure par les reins et par l'intestin, (2) les UGT1A9 et 2B7 sont les deux enzymes majoritairement impliquées dans la glucuronoconjugaison de l'éthanol, quel que soit l'organe considéré, (3) la morphine, la codéine, la nicotine et la cotinine n'entraînent aucune modification des taux de production d'EtG in vitro ; le lorazépam et l'oxazépam augmentent légèrement cette production (p = 0,2 et 0,065, respectivement) ; le cannabidiol inhibe la glucuronoconjugaison de l'éthanol par un mécanisme non-compétitif (CI50 = 1,17 mg/L; Ki = 3,1 mg/L), alors que le cannabinol augmente cette glucuroconjugaison de manière concentration-dépendante (p <0,05), (4) les SNP c.-900G>A affectant l'UGT2B7 et IVS1+399T>C affectant l'UGT1A9 augmentent légèrement la production d'EtG in vitro. Enfin (5) le rapport des concentrations sanguines EtG/éthanol apparaît significativement plus élevé chez des co-consommateurs de cannabis et/ou d'autres drogues que chez des consommateurs d'alcool seul. L'ensemble de ces résultats démontre l'existence de plusieurs facteurs pouvant potentiellement influencer la production d'EtG et devraient donc être pris en considération lors de l'interprétation de sa concentration in vivo.

The co-ordination of Ni in hyperaccumulator plants was investigated using a number of mass spectrometry (MS)-based analytical techniques. Initial field studies on nickeliferous (lateritic) soils in Western Australia failed to identify plants containing elevated metal concentrations. For this reason, Ni-hyperaccumulators were collected from known ultramafic sites in New Caledonia, as well as grown under controlled conditions. Using electrospray ionization MS a Ni-nicotianamine (Ni-NA) complex [NiII(C12H20N3O6)]+ was identified in the South African Ni-hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii. The association between Ni and NA was examined further in a range of Thlaspi species which accumulate different concentrations of Ni and Zn in their foliar tissues. In order to quantitate the concentration of NA a new liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) based analytical protocol was developed which allowed the quantification of NA and free amino acids. From the analysis of the leaf tissue in Thlaspi a strong correlation emerged between Ni and NA but not Zn. This suggested that NA plays a role in the transport of Ni in Ni-hyperaccumulating Thlaspi plants. An inverse proportionality was found between Fe and Ni. Higher NA production could be related to maintenance of Fe homeostasis. A correlation was also found between Zn and asparagine. These results are consistent with the operation of separate transport mechanisms for Ni and Zn. Further extreme examples of Ni-hyperaccumulation were also examined using LC-MS and metabolite profiling based on gas chromatography-MS (GC-MS). (For complete abstract open document)

Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2009

This study provides chemical confirmation for the use of resinous plant exudates in mortuary contexts in Roman Britain. Analysis of amorphous masses, adhering residues and grave deposits using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has revealed terpenoid biomarkers in sixteen inhumation and two cremation burials. The natural products characterized include European Pinaceae (conifer) resins, Pistacia spp. (mastic/terebinth) resins from the Mediterranean or the Levant and Boswellia spp. (frankincense) gum-resins from southern Arabia or eastern Africa. In addition, traces of a balsamic resin, probably Liquidambar orientalis, have been identified. A correlation between the use of these exotic exudates and interment in substantial, often multiple, containers with high-quality textiles and grave goods was observed. Theoretical consideration of this imported rite illuminates the multiplicity of roles played by resins/gum-resins in the mortuary sphere. The material properties of these highly scented substances speak to the biological reality of the decomposing body and to the socially constructed identity of the individual. On a practical level, they acted as temporary preservatives and masked the odour of decay. As social signifiers, they denoted the status of the deceased and promoted remembrance through conspicuous consumption and sensory impact. Encoded with ritual meaning, they purified the body and facilitated the final rite of passage to the afterlife. The recovery of these resinous traces provides us with new insights into the treatment of the body in the Roman period and establishes fresh links between the remote province of Britannia and the remainder of the Empire.

109 f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-03T13:32:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Pag_Iniciais.doc: 792576 bytes, checksum: 12dfaef31d9159988f77ea8619fd118e (MD5) Cap. I - V.doc: 4237312 bytes, checksum: be8dd2f149baada6ca89d1396f98bbb5 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br), reason: Solicito o envio em arquivo único. Transformar o arquivo em pdf sem senha. on 2013-04-18T16:41:59Z (GMT) / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-20T15:50:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Luiz Souza Carvalho.pdf: 2954132 bytes, checksum: 0bd3a51a7e2edab66b3681ac3f94951f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-20T15:51:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Luiz Souza Carvalho.pdf: 2954132 bytes, checksum: 0bd3a51a7e2edab66b3681ac3f94951f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-20T15:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Luiz Souza Carvalho.pdf: 2954132 bytes, checksum: 0bd3a51a7e2edab66b3681ac3f94951f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / CAPES / Os metais traço e os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos particulados transportados por via aérea são considerados como um risco á saúde e ao ambiente, pois podem ser absorvido pelo tecido do pulmão humano durante a respiração. A queima de combustível fóssil e da madeira, assim como a incineração de dejetos e processos industriais, são as principais fontes antrópicas de metais e hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (PAH) á atmosfera.. Este trabalho tem a finalidade de determinar as concentrações em suspensão (TSP e PM10 de metais, assim como as concentrações e os perfis dos 16 PAH prioritários para estudos ambientais segundo a U.S. EPA), que estão agregados ao material particulado. Os metais: Fe, Mn, Cu e Zn determinados por ICP-OES, e os PAH foram separados por cromatografia gasosa, identificados e quantificados por GC-MS. A amostragem foi feita em três sítios em Salvador-BA: i) Estação de ônibus da Lapa, ii) Porto de Aratu, iii) Vila de Bananeira,,na ilha de Maré próximo ao Porto de Aratu. Os dados experimentais foram analisados usando o programa (STATISTICA 6 Stat Soft). Para os metais: Fe apresentou as concentrações mais elevadas (variou de 26,8 a 328µgm-3) na maioria dos sítios, exceto bananeiras, onde o Zn predominou (variou de 1,83 a 145µgm-3). Para os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos: BbF apresentou maiores concentrações na maioria dos sítios (variou de 0,130 a 6850ng m-3), exceto na estação da Lapa, predominou CRY(variou de 0,075 a 6,85µgm-3). Os metais e PAH, são principalmente de fonte antrópica, e podem originar sérios problemas de saúde / Salvador

The main function of cuticular lipids in insects is to limit water loss through the surface. However they are also involved in various types of chemical communication between species and reduced penetration insecticides chemicals, and toxins as well as provide protection against the attack of microorganisms, parasites and predators. Numerous species of insect vectors of highly virulent diseases of plants, play a critical role as agricultural pests as in the case of Rhynchophorus palmarum which is vector in nematode transmitter red ring disease is responsible for causing damage to the agricultural economy of palm trees, in particular coconut in various regions of the country. However, the susceptibility or resistance of various insect species, infection can result from several factors, including differences in structure and composition of the exoskeleton, and the presence of antimicrobial compounds in the cuticle. The role of the host surface lipids in the pathogenesis of insects is still poorly understood. The determination of cuticular lipids profile is therefore of great importance to understanding insect susceptibility or resistance to infection. This study aimed to characterize the cuticular profile adult insect R. Palmarum male and female, and evaluate the presence of antimicrobial activity. The analyzes were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the hexane fractions (extract I) and dichloromethane (extract II and III). the main cuticular components were identified as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketone and aldehyde, both in male and in female, including the presence of alkanes (C25; C27; C43) trimethyl-alkane (C40) identified in the extract II female insect unsaturated hydrocarbons (C20:5) in the extract I female and male, and methyl branched alkene (C24:6) only in female extract II. They identified 10 fatty acid esters of C14 to C23, with variation between the sexes in C22:0, C18:1, C21:0 and C20:2. Showed relevant amounts of C16 and C18, the common cuticular lipids extract (II) and internal (III). The extracted chitin cuticle, chitosan and derivative thereof, in the study were characterized by IR and X-ray diffraction. The extracts of cuticle were satisfactory inhibition against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A principal função dos lipídios cuticulares em insetos é limitar a perda de água através da superfície. Porém também estão envolvidos em vários tipos de comunicação química entre espécies e redução da penetração de inseticidas, produtos químicos e toxinas além de fornecer proteção contra o ataque de microorganismos, parasitas e predadores. Numerosas espécies de insetos transmissores de doenças altamente virulentas de plantas, desempenham um papel crítico como pragas agrícolas, como é o caso do Rhynchophorus palmarum que é vetor no nematoide transmissor da doença Anel vermelho responsável por causar danos à economia agrícola de palmeiras, em especial o coqueiro, em diversas regiões do país. No entanto, a susceptibilidade ou resistência de várias espécies de insetos a infecção pode resultar de vários fatores, incluindo as diferenças de estrutura e composição do exoesqueleto, assim como a presença de compostos antimicrobianos na cutícula. O papel dos lipídios de superfície de acolhimento na patogênese de insetos ainda é pouco compreendida. A determinação do perfil de lipídeos cuticulares é, portanto, de grande importância para a compreensão da suscetibilidade do inseto ou a resistência à infecção. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil cuticular do inseto adulto R. palmarum macho e fêmea, e avaliar a presença de atividade antimicrobiana. As análises foram executadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa das frações cuticulares em hexano (extrato I) e diclorometano (extrato II e III). Foram identificados os principais constituintes cuticulares, como hidrocarbonetos, álcoois, cetona e aldeído, tanto em macho quanto em fêmea, incluindo a presença de alcanos (C25; C27; C43), trimetil-alcano (C40), identificado no extrato II do inseto fêmea, hidrocarboneto insaturado (C20:5) no extrato I fêmea e macho, e alceno metil- ramificado (C24:6) apenas no extrato II da fêmea. Foram identificados 10 ésteres de ácidos graxos de C14 a C23, com variação entre os sexos em C22:0, C18:1, C21:0 e C20:2. Apresentou quantidade relevante de C16 e C18, comum no extrato de lipídeos cuticulares (II) e internos (III). A quitina extraída da cutícula, e o seu derivado quitosana, foram caracterizados em estudo por infravermelho e por difração de raio- X. Os extratos da cutícula apresentaram inibição satisfatória contra Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis.

Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2014-09-17T15:13:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Neves Dissertação.pdf: 1617814 bytes, checksum: 880cf6fc37213ab6dcd60cf882b1ffb3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fatima Cleômenis Botelho Maria (botelho@ufba.br) on 2014-09-19T12:31:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Neves Dissertação.pdf: 1617814 bytes, checksum: 880cf6fc37213ab6dcd60cf882b1ffb3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-19T12:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Neves Dissertação.pdf: 1617814 bytes, checksum: 880cf6fc37213ab6dcd60cf882b1ffb3 (MD5) / O monômero cloreto de vinila (MVC) é a principal matéria-prima utilizada na produção do Policloreto de vinila (PVC). Sendo assim, o controle da pureza do MVC é fundamental para o controle da reação de polimerização, bem como para as propriedades do PVC, visto que alguns contaminantes orgânicos reagem como co-monômeros. Portanto, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de metodologias para identificação das substâncias presentes como contaminantes do MVC. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos métodos de identificação dos contaminantes, baseados na sua pré-concentração por adsorção em Tenax-TA e Tenax- TA/Carboxen1000/CarbosieveSIII, seguidos de dessorção térmica e análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (TD-GC-MS). A otimização desses métodos foi realizada utilizando-se planejamento fatorial de experimentos completo e fracionário. Os métodos otimizados foram utilizados na identificação dos contaminantes do MVC nas etapas do processo de obtenção, armazenamento e recuperação do monômero, correspondendo a quatro pontos distintos de coleta das amostras. Foram identificadas ao todo dezenove substâncias dentre as quais hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e aromáticos, organoclorados, alcoóis, fenóis e fenonas. Destas, doze estavam presentes no MVC virgem, treze no MVC da esfera de armazenamento, doze no MVC da entrada dos reatores de polimerização e dezesseis no MVC recuperado. Os contaminantes presentes com as maiores concentrações relativas nos diferentes pontos foram estireno, aromático C6, tolueno, naftaleno, 1-octanol e 1,3- butadieno. Destes, estireno e 1,3-butadieno tem sido relatados na literatura como sendo fortes inibidores de polimerização para o MVC. Através da análise de componentes principais foi possível comprovar que há diferenças nas características do MVC, a depender do ponto do processo de onde ele é captado. Além disso, foi possível classificar as amostras de MVC, provenientes de diferentes pontos do processo, em três agrupamentos distintos, bem como identificar em cada agrupamento os principais contaminantes responsáveis pelas diferenciações. Considerando que o controle da pureza do monômero é fundamental para a qualidade do PVC, estes resultados demonstram a importância de realizar experimentos em escala de laboratório com o MVC proveniente de cada ponto, a fim de verificar a influência dos seus contaminantes característicos sobre as propriedades do PVC produzido. Com essas informações será possível buscar estratégias para a eliminação ou redução dos principais contaminantes responsáveis pelas alterações nas propriedades do produto final. / The Vinyl Chloride Monomer (MVC) is the main raw material used in the production of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC). Thus, the control of MVC purity is essential to control polymerization reaction, as well as the properties of PVC, since some organic contaminants react as co-monomers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methodologies for the identification of substances as contaminants MVC. In this work, we developed methods for identifying contaminants, based on your pre- concentration by adsorption on Tenax-TA and Tenax- TA/Carboxen1000/CarbosieveSIII, followed by thermal desorption and analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). The optimization of these methods was performed using full factorial design of experiments and fractional. The optimized methods were used in the identification of contaminants in the MVC stages of acquisition, storage and retrieval of the monomer, corresponding to four distinct points of sample collection. We identified a total of nineteen substances among which aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine, alcohols, phenols and fenonas. Of these, twelve were present in virgin MVC, MVC thirteen in the storage sphere, twelve in MVC input of polymerization reactors and sixteen in MVC recovered. Contaminants with higher relative concentrations in different points were styrene, benzene, toluene, naphthalene, 1-octanol and 1,3-butadiene. Of these, 1,3-butadiene and styrene have been reported in the literature as strong polymerization inhibitors for MVC. Through Principal Component Analysis was possible to prove that there are differences in the characteristics of the MVC, depending on the point in the process where it is captured. Moreover, it was possible to classify the samples MVC from different points of the process in three distinct clusters and identify each cluster major contaminants responsible for differentiation. Whereas the control of the purity of the monomer is critical to the quality of the PVC, these results demonstrate the importance of conducting experiments on a laboratory scale with the MVC from each point, in order to check the influence of its contaminants on the characteristic properties of PVC produced. With this information you can find strategies for elimination or reduction of major pollutants responsible for changes in the properties of the final product.

Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2014-09-22T12:14:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO 2013 - Versão Final.pdf: 1294177 bytes, checksum: fcc79b2fe855be99bc86d8a653bb2da8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fatima Cleômenis Botelho Maria (botelho@ufba.br) on 2014-09-23T13:02:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO 2013 - Versão Final.pdf: 1294177 bytes, checksum: fcc79b2fe855be99bc86d8a653bb2da8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T13:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO 2013 - Versão Final.pdf: 1294177 bytes, checksum: fcc79b2fe855be99bc86d8a653bb2da8 (MD5) / O consumo de drogas de abuso é uma prática crescente no mundo moderno. Dessa forma, as drogas sintéticas e mais particularmente os derivados da anfetamina, ocupam um lugar de destaque. O consumo de estimulantes anfetamínicos tais como fenproporex (FEN), dietilpropiona (DIE) e sibutramina (SIB) se tornou uma prática comum entre motoristas profissionais nas estradas brasileiras nos últimos anos e entre pessoas que desejam perder peso, mas fazem o uso dessas substâncias de forma indiscriminada. O presente trabalho constitui o desenvolvimento de um método analítico, empregando microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva (DLLME), capaz de detectar e quantificar esses medicamentos em baixas concentrações em amostras de urina. As análises foram realizadas utilizando cromatografia à gás acoplada a espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). O método apresentou boa performance analítica, com excelente linearidade na faixa dinâmica de 1 a 1000 ng/mL para DIE, FEN e SIB, com valores de R2 iguais a 0,9926 , 0,9994 e 0,9951, respectivamente. Os limites de detecção (LD), foram de 0,1 ng/mL para DIE e FEN e de 0,05 ng/mL para SIB. O coeficiente de variação intradia variou de 6,63% a 7,95% enquanto o interdia variou de 3,89% a 5,47%. A recuperação relativa encontrada foi superior a 82,88% para DIE, 88,58% para FEN e 95,60% para SIB. O método desenvolvido mostrou-se bastante útil na análise dos compostos estudados em amostras de urina postmortem ou in vivo. / The drug abuse consumption is a growing practice in the modern world. Thus, synthetic drugs and more particularly amphetamine derivatives, occupy a prominent place. The consumption of stimulants-type amphetamines such as fenproporex (FEN), diethylpropion (DIE) and sibutramine (SIB) has become a common practice among professional drivers on Brazilian roads in recent years and among people who wish to lose weight, but make use of these substances indiscriminately. The present work is the development of an analytical method using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) capable of detecting and quantifying these drugs at low concentrations in urine samples. Analyses were performed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method showed good analytical performance with excellent linearity in a dynamic range from 1 to 1000 ng/mL for DIE, FEN and SIB, with R2 values equal to 0.9926, 0.9994 and 0.9951, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.1 ng/ml for DIE and FEN and 0.05 ng/mL to SIB. The intraday variation coefficient ranging from 6.63% to 7.95% while the interday ranged from 3.89% to 5.47%. The relative recovery founded was 82.88% for DIE, 88.58% for FEN and 95.60% for SIB. The method proved to be very useful in the analysis of these compounds in postmortem or in vivo urine samples.