La presente tesis comprende una revisión del desarrollo de Rhodnius prolixus (Stähl, 1859); anotación de genes del desarrollo temprano y estudios de expresión y funcionales de dos de esos genes. El objetivo general ha sido aportar datos que contribuyan a establecer redes génicas como blanco de la evolución de la forma en los insectos. Los objetivos específicos fueron: Identificar y anotar en el genoma de R.prolixus genes ortólogos a los genes HOX de Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830); caracterizar el cluster HOX y determinar la función de genes HOX mediante genómica funcional. Se identificaron 70 genes, la mayoría de ellos correspondientes al grupo de TF con homeobox. Se analizaron, curaron y anotaron 26 secuencias; incluyendo a los ocho HOX canónicos. Se logró demostrar que los genes HOX de R.prolixus están agrupados en un cluster y se plantean cinco agrupamientos probables. Los ensayos funcionales se realizaron usando un gen HOX ‒scr‒ y un activador HOX ‒caudal‒ involucrado en el establecimiento del eje anteroposterior. Para ello, se pusieron a punto las técnicas de hibridación in situ de embriones completos ‒WMISH‒ y de ARNi parental. La expresión de scr mostró un patrón acorde a lo esperado en relación a las observaciones hechas en otros insectos. La ARNi mostró variantes en comparación con especies relacionadas, pero se ajusta muy bien a lo esperado. La expresión de caudal muestra las siguientes similitudes con respecto a otras especies estudiadas: (1) actúa tempranamente como gen de efecto materno, (2) se expresa en la región posterior del huevo en estado de blastodermo, (3) los efectos de la ARNi son semejantes a los encontrados en otros insectos de banda germinal corta. Sin embargo, en estados de banda germinal, los resultados de expresión difieren respecto a otras observaciones, esto puede estar en relación con mecanismos de sañalización aún no descriptos para este gen. / This thesis deals with the embryology of Rhodnius prolixus (Stähl, 1859), the establishment of functional techniques in this new developmental model (whole mount in situ hybridization ‒WMISH‒ and parental RNAi), the annotation of early developmental genes, and the functional assay for two of those genes, Sex combs-reduced (Rp-Scr) and caudal (Rp-cad). The aim of the investigation is to contribute to define and understand the basic components of developmental genetic networks that are target of evolutionary processes that shape insect morphology. The goals are to indentify and annotate orthologs to the HOX genes of Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) in the R .prolixus genome, characterize the HOX cluster and determine the HOX function in R. prolixus by means of functional genomics. Seventy genes were identified, mostly homeobox-containing transcription factors. Twentysix sequences were analysed in detail, cured and annotated, including the eight canonical HOX. The results showed that the HOX genes of R. prolixus are clustered and five plausible organizations were proposed. The functional assays were performed by using the HOX gene Rp-Scr and the activator Rp-cad , involved in the anteroposterior axis patterning. Rp-Scr expression was similar to other insects. Rp-Scr RNAi showed some variants compared to related species, but it was in agreement with its known function, which was relevant to validate the techniques developed. Rp-cad expression showed that (1) it function early as a maternal gene, (2) it is expressed in the posterior of the egg in blastoderm stage, (3) the RNAi effects shows a posterior-to-anterio effect. In the germband stage, the expression suggests a long distance signalling mechanism at work.

Numerous initiatives to improve our understanding of cancer biology have been lunched in different laboratories that aim to describe the interactome and gene-expression profile in different tumour cell line. It is now clear that the different strategies of cell migration observed in cancer are reminiscent of the different migratory strategies observed during embryo development. These similarities suggest that developmental program that has to be kept off after embryogenesis may be induced by spontaneous genetics modifications that produce tumour cells. In this study we went inside the genetic network/profile that controls how neural crest cells eventually switch on the migration program and how they are able to arise into different lines with the propose of getting new ideas on how to prevent dissemination of tumour cells or how to treat advanced tumour that have already spread. Neural progenitors of the dorsal neural tube that acquire the expression of specific neural crest determinants, delaminate from the neural tube and follow precise migratory pathways, to terminally differentiate into the various neural crest derivatives. Here we developed a novel resource for lineage trace and isolation of neural crest cells that allowed for a genome-wide expression screen in pre-migratory and migratory neural crest progenitors. We efficiently identified previously known neural crest specific genes. Expression profiling revealed new neural crest genes belonging to a wide range of cellular functions, with high representation of genes associated to cell motion. Additionally, we identified chick genes for which the human orthologues and/or paralogues are associated to Neuroblastoma formation. In my thesis we identified new genes specifically expressed in the developing neural crest, and proposed a revised genomic signature for the normal neural crest cells. Furthermore, mutations on some of these genes are markers for Neuroblastoma tumour formation. Thus we propose this as a valid screen to identify candidates genes that contribute to the characterization of the Neuroblastoma cancer stem cells, and thus to the identification of specific targets to design new therapeutic strategies. Getting in more detail into this genetic network, Wnt canonical signalling response has to been shown to be a key event in both cancer and neural crest cell development. Traditionally Wnt canonical pathway has been involved in neural crest induction process, but here we demonstrated that it is also critical for the onset migration of the neural crest cell. In fact, high levels of Wnt canonical activity prevents neural crest cell to delaminate and only through the inhibition of this activity mediate by dapper protein, neural crest cells can undergo into their normal migration pathways. If this process has an implication in cancer is still unknown, but Dapper expression proteins have been already associated to different types of cancer.