This thesis examines the roles of migrant networks in the migration and subsequent economic integration of Senegalese men and women in France, Italy and Spain. It challenges the assumption that networks are invariably sources of assistance in the migration process and examines the factors responsible for variations in their influence. In doing so, it uses quantitative methods and analyzes recently collected longitudinal data within the framework of the Migration between Africa and Europe (MAFE) project. Migrant networks -– members of the respondent’s personal circle that have international migration experience – are conceptualized as a form of individual-level social capital that may or may not shape specific outcomes. The thesis contributes to the literature by adopting a longitudinal view of the migration process and considering both migration behaviour and migrants’ labour market trajectories at destination. In doing so, it bridges two areas of research that have mostly developed separately. Second, the intersections between migrant networks and gender, insufficiently studied so far, are here examined in detail. Furthermore, the role of networks in different forms of female mobility – often confounded in previous work - are here analysed separately. Last but not least, the thesis makes a methodological contribution by operationalizing migrant networks in a more dynamic way than previous work. Findings suggest that migrant social capital has a large influence on migration behaviour, while playing a lower and more ambivalent role in migrants’ labour market outcomes at destination. Furthermore, several dimensions are found to shape the extent and channels of networks’ influence. First, men and women do not rely on the same ties in their migration process. Also, women migrating independently of a partner make a different (and greater) use of their migrant connections than those joining their spouse abroad. Migrant social capital is found to work along gender lines: only access to male migrant networks increases the migration likelihood or the job prospects at destination for prospective male migrants. On the other hand, female networks play a crucial role in independent women’s migration process. However, while they greatly increase women’s likelihood of moving to Europe on their own, they also lead them to lower-status jobs. Last, the context of destination was found to shape the operation of migrant networks. In France, where a socio-economically diverse Senegalese community has long been established, pre-migration ties at destination lead to better economic opportunities. In contrast, migrant networks in Italy or Spain appear to channel male migrants into street-selling activities. Thus, bonding social capital in the form of migrant networks appears to reproduce the ethnic niches developed at destination and the gender-segmented nature of the labour market.

Chuuk, one state of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), experiences significant transnational migration to the United States (U.S.), particularly to the Territory of Guam. This migration is facilitated by the Compact of Free Association (COFA), an agreement with several Micronesian countries previously under U.S. administration that allows for free movement of their citizens into the U.S. Although part of Micronesia, Guam's colonized residents resist an identity connected to rest of Micronesia. With very poor health outcomes, the Chuukese represent a political and social body of bodies that bring sickness, babies and increased costs to the Guam government without adequate compensation by their colonizer sanctioning the migration. In order to better understand why Chuukese women suffer disproportionately poor reproductive health outcomes as compared to the rest of Guam's residents, this multi-sited dissertation examines how Chuukese women's reproduction is constructed and conceptualized by women, their families, and their "home" and "host" communities, and how these meanings are mediated by transnational migrant experiences between Chuuk and Guam. Using a critical interpretive framework, this study utilized participant observation in the clinics and communities, interviews with health care workers, and in-depth life history interviews with fifteen Chuukese women. This dissertation situates Chuukese women's reproduction in the context of transnational migration through an analysis of social, economic and political processes, health and social services policies and practices, postcolonial migration and sociocultural meanings of reproduction for Chuukese women in both Chuuk and Guam.

The United States Department of Homeland Security reported 354, 982 deportation events in 2010. This number has fallen short, though not by much, of the 400,000 deportations per year “goal” cited by DHS. Though many have begun research on the subsequent repercussions of this well oiled deportation regime, not many have asked questions about the effects south of the border. Those questions are the subject of the pilot research study on which this thesis is based. This document is the narration of the findings and occurrences while conducting fieldwork in Jalisco, Mexico, the goal of which, was to inform on the social impacts of deportations from the U.S. to Mexico on three levels, the individual, the familial and the institutional. The particularities of this thesis stem from the perspective taken by the author. Finding the author’s very own return to Mexico as an educated Xicana, an important part of the story she would set out to find about deportees , their families, and the reality they face upon experiencing a deportation event, this thesis is heavily concentrated on the experiences of the author and the narrations of the interviewees. Discovering her own epistemological and methodological postures on social science research while in the field, the author discusses the importance of these shifts to the future of her work and that of social science research. Taking on the pivotal questions on the effects of a social phenomenon , namely deportation, from a sociological perspective was the intention of the author, yet it was those questions and the process of attempting to gain insight on those inquiries that incited questions about the forms of knowledge production, the results and usefulness of social science research as tools for activism and social change and legitimacy of the subaltern voice within the academe. While the author does draw on her own experiences and that of interviewees to discuss the situation lived in Mexico by deportees, the base of much of the analysis also lies in data-driven questions and conclusions. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:27:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2262311 bytes, checksum: f903f3d0126385ad0ae7370554e2b443 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Discussions about the migration of Brazilians to several countries in America and Europe are frequent, however, few researches have dealt with the migration of Brazilians to China. For this reason, this thesis aims to analyze the migration history of fifteen Brazilian women living in Beijing and use it to represent the processes of several Brazilian women who have migrated to the People's Republic of China. At first, the goal of this research was to study the Brazilian community as a whole, but women have a much more significant role in building Brazilian identity since they run the main organization that congregates Brazilians in Beijing (Brapeq); women also organize events such as Beijing's Brazil Film Festival, Doc Brazil Festival and Brazil-China Book Club. Thus, we have carried out narrative interviews with fifteen women of different ages, social classes and lifestyles, who had different migration histories. The interviews, done at cafes, restaurants, the street, or the interviewee's home, aimed to trace these women's background in order to comprehend how each migration history contributes to building a different Brazilian identity. Based on these women's accounts, we intended to study the ways Brazilians socialize and associate, to understand Brapeq's role in integrating these people and disseminating Brazilian culture, as well as to analyze how Brazilian identity is built and rebuilt through the social fabric of Brazilians who have migrated. / As discussões sobre a migração brasileira para diversos países receptores na América e na Europa são bastante frequentes. Poucas pesquisas, porém, se debruçaram sobre a migração brasileira para a China. Por esta razão, esta tese tem como intuito analisar as trajetórias migratórias de quinze brasileiras para Pequim, e utilizá-las como metonímia para a migração de diversas brasileiras para a capital da República Popular da China. O objetivo inicial da pesquisa era estudar a comunidade brasileira como um todo, mas as mulheres representam um papel muito mais significativo na reconstrução da identidade brasileira, na medida em que são elas que estão à frente da principal organização representante dos brasileiros (O Brapeq, Brasileiros em Pequim), e são as responsáveis por eventos como Festival de Cinema Brasileiro de Pequim, Festival Doc. Brazil e Clube do livro Brasil-China. Para tanto, realizamos entrevistas narrativas com quinze mulheres de distintas faixas etárias, classes sociais, estilos de vida e que também apresentavam diferentes experiências de migração. Por meio das entrevistas narrativas, realizadas em cafés, restaurantes, ou na casa das entrevistadas, e das entrevistas em trânsito, buscamos narrar a história de vida dessas mulheres para compreender como cada trajetória migratória conduz a uma construção diferente do que é a identidade brasileira. Com base nos relatos de vida dessas mulheres, tencionamos estudar as formas de sociabilidade e de associação entre os brasileiros, assim como observar o papel do Brapeq na integração destes e na difusão da cultura brasileira e, por fim, analisar como a identidade brasileira é constituída e reconstituída por meio das relações tecidas na comunidade brasileira em circunstância de migração.

Cette thèse en géographie politique et culturelle s’inscrit au sein des approches critiques de mobilités et des migrations et des études sur le genre et les sexualités. Centrée sur les individues, elle vise à éclairer la double face cachée de l’expatriation en s’intéressant au rapport à l’espace de femmes en situation de mobilité internationale, à travers l’analyse de leurs pratiques du quotidien. Elle étudie la façon dont ces pratiques translocales s’agencent, de façon multiscalaire, en un mode de vie dans la mobilité. La dimension du corps, échelle de pratique spatiale et surface d’inscription des normes de sexe et de genre, y est posée de façon centrale, autour de la notion de performance, dans la (re)production d’un espace transnational localisé. Cet angle dévoile l’expatriation comme une pratique de mobilité distinctive, oscillant entre contrainte de genre et émancipation, tout en prenant part à la reproduction et à la diffusion de l’hétéronormativité dans un contexte d’essor de la mondialisation. La méthodologie de la thèse repose sur une enquête ethnographique approfondie mêlant observation participante et entretiens semi-directifs dans un souci constant de réflexivité et en articulation avec une analyse de données statistiques et la présentation d’un large panorama de structures et lieux expatriés en présence. Basée à Luxembourg, capitale en métropolisation émergente, cette thèse se présente comme une étude de cas élargie invitant à prendre en compte les expériences subjectives de la mondialisation. / Positioned in both critical mobility and migration studies, and studies on gender and sexualities, this PhD dissertation in political and cultural geography aims at unveiling the hidden double face of expatriation. For one part, it focuses on women’s daily practices during their international mobility cycle. It thus examines how these translocal practices fit within a multiscale mobility lifestyle. For another part, it places the body as the primary space of the analysis through the concept of performance. It shows of expatriate women play out specific sexual and gender norms and roles that contribute to the (re)production of a localised transnational space. This research seeks to reveal expatriation as a distinctive mobility practice, weaving from gender coercion to emancipation, which contributes to the reproduction and the spread of heteronormativity in a context of growing globalisation. It is settled in Luxembourg, which can be characterised as an emerging metropolitan capital, where the subjective experience of globalisation can be felt. Methodologically speaking, this thesis is based on in-depth reflexive ethnographic researches, combining participant observations and semi-structured interviews, in articulation with a statistical analysis and a large panorama of Luxembourg's expatriate places and institutions.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. Pp. 70-86: Bibliography.

The nexus between migration and climate change is a topic that has received growing attention in both policymaking and mainstream media. While it has long been acknowledged that gender shapes the migratory process and the impacts of climate change are gendered, most discussions concerning migration and climate change have failed to incorporate a gender perspective into their analysis. At the same time, the international community, through the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and other initiatives, has committed itself to eradicating gender inequality. This has resulted in more institutions incorporating gender into their analyses of migration and climate change. While these commitments to developing a more nuanced understanding of migration in the context of climate change have been welcomed, it has been questioned how these institutions incorporate gender in their analyses and how this in turn impacts climate change adaptation efforts and migration policy. The aim of this study is to investigate how the relationship between gender, migration, and climate change is articulated in discourses at the level of international institutions, analyzing these discourses through a decolonial perspective. Using critical discourse analysis, the empirical material analyzed includes reports from international institutions that discuss migration and climate change. The findings suggest that the selected institutions tend to treat gender as a variable and focus on measurable, material impacts. While there is a possible discursive shift towards a more intersectional understanding of gender and social inequality, women are often perceived as an inherently vulnerable group. This feeds into a wider ‘feminization of vulnerability’ discourse that is present in climate change studies. An additional finding is migration is optimistically framed as a means of empowerment for women. This empowering discourse tends to promote individual agency over structural changes when it comes to climate change, aligning itself with neoliberal discourses and potentially obscuring larger questions pertaining to climate and mobility justice.

This thesis entitled "Impact of Collective Action in Controlling Migratory Flows: Understanding Migratory Flows within the European Union" analyses the various factors which impact upon migration decision-making and remigration potential among Slovak migrants who entered the Czech Republic after the country acceded to the European Union. The thesis utilizes a meta- theoretical approach which provides wide latitude for the inclusion of theoretical approaches which transcend disciplinary boundaries. Through a discussion of various policy approaches the work demonstrates that attempts to limit flows via legislative changes or the implementation of European Union directives has had little impact on aggregate flows in the specific case of the Czech Republic. Data from a survey conducted by the author is analysed and discussed from various perspectives in the form of a descriptive case study. The case study determines that employment, personal choice and family reunification are significant rationales for mobility related decision making and that long term settlement among this particular group is likely to occur.

Diploma thesis tries to offer a new insight into migration and integration of migrant women living in Czech Republic by means of life-story telling of ten such women. By using this approach the author tries to deconstruct stereotypical understanding of migration as a threat or a security hazard for the accepting society, on the contrary she tries to picture migrant women and their life-stories as tales of people who consider Czech Republic their second home and who actively participate on its development. Citizenship is understood as a membership in society of which migrant women are also legitimate and active members. The thesis should contribute to building positive attitude towards migrant women in general and it also offers recommendations for the public as well as integration policy creators as to how migrant women can be reflected in context of migration.

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