Succession planning and successor selection is a key theme in the FOB (Family Owned Business) literature. To enable the business to continue, FOB owner needs to decide who will be the next leader before resigning. Although the succession process is one of the most researched areas within the family business field, studies have mostly focused only on incumbent or successor viewpoints. However, the purpose of this study is to fill the gap and offers a different perspective on daughters’ succession by analysing owner, successor, and employee points of view. This dissertation aims to identify cultural patterns, and how factors based on different cultural patterns influence the daughter succession process in Turkish family businesses. Additionally, aim to reach novel insights regarding women entrepreneurs in Turkish FOBs, particularly how they gain business leadership positions, and the explicit and implicit factors determining the succession process. The research is grounded in the multidimensional model of succession process in family business theory, which has been expanded to include interactive and collaborative action, by addressing the family business cultural effects associated with stewardship theory. The adoption for this study of an epistemological interpretivist philosophy within a social constructivist perspective is justified. Data was collected from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 20 FOB owners and daughters, and surveys of 252 FOB employees to obtain information on their perspectives about selecting daughters as FOB successors.

Despite the picture portraying the U.S as a western, democratic and equal country, the U.S military has faced several downfalls when it comes to its female force, especially in relation to sexual assault. This study poses the question of how can western ‘model countries’ such as the U.S, promote democracy when its military institution seem to miss one of the central pillars to a democratic society that is equality. Furthermore, the study seeks to dive further into the military culture of the U.S military in order to understand if women adjust to the military culture or if the military culture adjusts to the influx of women. By examining narratives of male and female soldiers and veterans, who tell their stories online, this research is conducted as a case study, using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital and Judith Butler’s theory of performative gender as an analytical tool in order to recontextualize the findings and gain a further understanding of the military culture from an inside perspective. In conclusion, the study essentially confirms the notion of the military constituting a male centered culture, as well as a crowd oriented culture, which contributes to females adjusting to the culture rather than it adjusting to the influx of women. In addition to this, gender equality is perceived as something applied by actors from the outside when it is convenient or solely talked about with respect to physical capabilities. Ultimately, research in relation to the U.S military needs to include a focus on culture in order for it to change and become gender equal.

In this study I aim to examine how flexible work conditions affect gendered norms in the workplace and in the family constellations, and through this knowledge contribute to how organizations can increase their awareness about gendered norms. The theoretical framwork is based off West and Zimmermans theory Doing Gender, with compliments from Joan Acker andthe theory of inequality regimes. The study is based of 7 semi-structured interviews with women who have flexible working conditions evolving their ability to control time, space and implimentation in thei work.  The results show that flexible work conditions can have a catalyzing effect on gendered practices in organizations. This is presented by the way the women in this study chooses to use the time they "save" buy flexible working conditions, which is mainly used for family affairs and childcare. Also by the way women express guilt towards family and work when they can´t meet the avaliability demands from the private sphere and the work sphere. Although the women in this study does not experience external expectations to take more responsibility around the home and children, it is still expressed buy them as "natural" since they have more time. This shows that the doing of gender is present in these actions. It is not based on rational divisions between men and women but rather the socially constructed idea of women being more suited for domestic work. Organizations contribute to the doing of gender by being unaware of how these norms can be reproduced through flexible working conditions. Organizations keep feeding the norm of the ideal worker which functions as a gendered process. It´s important for organizations to increase their awareness of this phenomenon in order to create structures which will promote flexible working conditions as something for everyone and not only women. I believe this study can contribute to that awareness and help organizations to start reflecting on the doing of gender in their workplace.

I medier har det larmats om att allt fler unga tjejer som besöker ungdomsmottagningar uppvisar skador efter samtyckt samlag. Studiens syfte var att undersöka fenomenet genom att besvara två frågeställningar om hur ungdomsmottagningar arbetar med unga tjejer (13–25 år) som misstänks ha- eller uppvisar skador till följd av samtyckt sex, samt vilka orsaker de tillskriver skadorna. Detta gjordes genom en kvalitativ ansats utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex yrkesverksamma på olika ungdomsmottagningar i Sverige. Intervjuerna analyserades genom tematisk analys. Resultatet visade på att skador kan uppstå till följd av fysiologiska besvär som förvärras av penetrerande sex eller av bristande förberedelser inför samlag. Däremot framhävde resultatet gråzoner i ungas samtyckesutövning såsom att ungas samtycke kan undermineras av bristande kommunikation, psykisk ohälsa eller av att sex används i självdestruktivt syfte. Sexualiserade medier och pornografi kan också socialisera unga i skeva föreställningar om sex, och könade sexuella manus kan utgöra en påtvingande drivkraft på unga tjejer att samtycka till samlag. Respondenterna arbetar med fenomenet (1) förebyggande och normativt genom kunskapsspridning, (2) individanpassat med fysiska undersökningar, samtalsstöd och remittering till specialistvård, samt (3) sonderande för att fånga upp sexuellt utsatta ungdomar. Studiens slutsatser är att fenomenets omfattning är svår att avgöra, likaså att urskilja skadornas orsaker som kan grunda sig i samverkan mellan individuella riskfaktorer och strukturella eller normativa samhällsbetingelser. / In the media it has been brought to attention that more and more young girls that visit youth clinics show injuries after having consensual intercourse. The purpose of the study was to investigate the phenomenon by answering two questions relating to how youth clinics work with young girls (13-25 yrs) who are suspected of having or showing injuries after consensual sex, and what causes they attribute these injuries. This was done through a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with six professionals who work at various youth clinics in Sweden. The interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results showed that physiological disorders can be exacerbated by penetrating sex or by lack of preparation before intercourse. On the other hand, the result emphasized gray areas in young people's practice of consent, such as that young people's consent can be undermined by lack of communication, mental illness or by sex being used self-destructively. Sexualized media and pornography can also socialize young people in skewed notions of sex and gendered sexual scripts can be a coercive force for young girls to consent to intercourse. The respondents work with the phenomenon (1) preventively and normatively through the dissemination of knowledge, (2) individually adapted through physical examinations, counselling and referral to specialist care, and (3) probing to reveal sexually vulnerable young people. The study's conclusions are that the extent of the phenomenon is difficult to determine, as well as to distinguish the causes of the injuries that seem to be based on the interaction between individual risk factors and structural or normative societal conditions.

Sweden is considered prominent in gender equality issues. Despite that, Sweden was the last of the Nordic countries to have a female prime minister, and previous studies demonstrate that gender stereotypes remain. The aim of this thesis is to critically analyze how the former Prime Ministers – Magdalena Andersson, Stefan Löfven and Fredrik Reinfeldt – have been portrayed in Swedish newspapers from a gendered perspective. For the aim of the thesis were a gendered theoretical framework developed. A critical discourse analysis was conducted through a methodological framework developed based on Fairclough's three-dimensional model. The results demonstrate how all three of the former Prime Ministers are related to male norms in the portrayal of them in the newspaper articles. However, it differs between the former Prime Ministers in how the male attributes are ascribed to them and if the attributes are considered positive or negative. Through these findings, it is concluded that the portrayal of Andersson does not follow the pattern shown by previous research of negatively portraying the politician from a stereotypical female perspective.

Recent research suggests that women can use living apart together (LAT) for a reflexive and strategic undoing of the gendered norms of cohabitation. In this article we examine this assertion empirically, using a representative survey from Britain in 2011 and follow-up interviews. First, we find little gender differentiation in practices, expectations, or attitudes about LAT, or reasons for LAT. This does not fit in with ideas of undoing gender. Secondly, in examining how women talk about LAT in relation to gender, we distinguish three groups of ‘constrained’, ‘strategic’ and ‘vulnerable’ female interviewees. All valued the extra space and time that LAT could bring, many welcomed some release from traditional divisions of labour, and some were glad to escape unpleasant situations created by partnership with men. However, for the constrained and vulnerable groups LAT was second best, and any relaxation of gendered norms was seen as incidental and inconsequential to their major aim, or ideal, of the ‘proper family’ with cohabitation and marriage. Rather, their agency in achieving this was limited by more powerful agents, or was a reaction to perceived vulnerability. While the strategic group showed more purposeful behaviour in avoiding male authority, agency remained relational and bonded. Overall we find that women, at least in Britain, seldom use LAT to purposefully or reflexively undo gender. Equally, LAT sometimes involves a reaffirmation of gendered norms. LAT is a multi-faceted adaption to circumstances where new autonomies can at the same time incorporate old subordinations, and new arrangements can herald conventional family forms.

Today’s industrial markets are experiencing changes with the realization of new radical technologies, which are disrupting how organizations work. This new wave of technology and focus towards sustainability is shifting the competencies needed within organizations to maintain their competitive advantage. The adoption of such technological innovations without causing any delays requires a widespectrum of competencies among employees to be present in industrial organizations. One way to achieve this is to have a diverse top management team that reflects a wide spectrum of competenciesand skills. However, achieving this is a challenge due to the culture of gendering found inorganizations, especially with regard to evaluation and promotion processes. The purpose of this report is to investigate the way in which evaluation and promotion practices in industrial organizationscan contribute to the reproduction and change of male dominance in management. Through exploring the different perceptions of competencies, evaluation and promotion processes, and ways to how to drive gender balance within an industrial organization, the purpose of this report is achieved. The main approaches taken include using available theory on organizational change, gendered work ideals, homosociality, perceptions of competence, and ways to evaluate employees to analyze data gathered. This is then tied with a field study done on one of the Swedish companies operating in a male dominated industrial environment. The analysis addresses the common ways in which evaluation and promotion processes can contribute to the reproduction of male dominance andways to prevent that from happening. The proposed recommendations address the opportunities forchange at company A, based on theory work for gender balance. / Dagens industriella marknader är i förändring med nya teknologier som omstörtar hur organisationer fungerar. Denna nya våg av teknik och fokusering mot hållbarhet medför ett skifte i kompetenser som behövs inom organisationer för att behålla sin konkurrensfördel. Antagandet av sådana tekniska innovationer utan att orsaka förseningar kräver ett brett spektrum av kompetenser bland anställda inomindustriella organisationer. Ett sätt att uppnå detta är att ha mångfald inom ledningsgrupper som speglar ett brett spektrum av kompetenser och färdigheter. Emellertid uppstår många utmaningar för att uppnå detta på grund av könsmärkta kulturer som finns i organisationer som påverkar utvärderings och befordringsprocesser. Syftet med denna rapport är därför att undersöka hur utvärderings- och befordringsprocesser i industriella organisationer kan bidra till återskapande och förändring av manlig dominans i organisationer, särskilt på ledningsnivåer. Syftet med denna rapport är att att utforska olika föreställningar om kompetens och utvärderings- ochbefordringsprocesser för att diskutera hur könsbalans inom organisationer kan uppnås. Rapportenutgår från forskning om organisationsförändring, könsmärkta ideal, homosocialitet, föreställningar om kompetens och metoder för utvärdera medarbetare och bygger på en fältstudie i ett mansdominerat svenskt industriföretag. Analysen fokuserar hur utvärderings- och befordringsprocesser kan bidra tillatt mansdominans återskapas och möjliga sätt att förhindra att det händer. De föreslagna rekommendationerna utgår från forskning om jämställdhetsarbete.

Men continue to outnumber women in public school superintendent roles by a 4:1 ratio. However, women outnumber men by a 4:1 ratio in teaching roles in public school districts. In addition, more women than men hold superintendent certificates and educational doctorates. Due to this puzzling discrepancy, it is important to understand possible factors in the form of gendered barriers to access that could lead to the unequal representation of women in superintendent positions. In this study, I examined how these barriers manifested in the experiences of female superintendents participating in the study, how they influenced the hiring experiences of these participants, and how they impacted these female leaders throughout their careers. With this study, I investigated barriers associated with holding mechanisms, gendered norms, and gendered filters that may limit women's access to superintendent roles. Women's experiences of the origins and effects of gender normative perceptions and hiring practices have potential for contributing to the study of gender equity in the field of education and beyond. Findings could provide implications for increasing women's opportunities to serve beyond central office positions in public school districts. Possibilities exist for identifying practices in organizations that have hired women to serve at the highest level of school district leadership; that of the superintendent of schools.