Tidigare forskning visar att personer som genomgår träning för att öka sin self-efficacy har mycket större chans att finna jobb (Caplan, Vinokur, Price & van Ryn, 1989; Eden &Aviram, 1993). Denna studie baseras på en enkätundersökning gjord på 99 studenter och har som syfte att undersöka samband mellan studenters arbete under studietiden och deras nivå av generell self-efficacy (GSE). Korrelationsanalysfann inga samband för att stödja studiens hypotesom att studenter som arbetar och studerar parallellt skulle redovisa högre värden av GSE. Ett positivt samband påträffades mellan vilja att arbeta och förmåga att klara av tentamina. Resultatet påvisar även en tro hos studenter att få arbeten som passar deras högskoleutbildning, denna tro kan förutspås till sju procent av GSE och antal terminer studerade.

Individens personlighet har länge varit under luppen av både lekmän och forskare. Den senaste egenskapspersonlighetsmodellen är HEXACO vilket denna undersökning använt sig av tillsammans med generell Self-efficacy. Vilka det är som studerar på eftergymnasiala utbildningar och vilka personligheter som har en korrelation med Generell Self-efficacy har varit syftet. Undersökningens har bestått av 120 deltagare vilka var förstaårsstudenter på Mälardalens högskola och deltog genom att svara på enkäter. Studien använde sig av Instrumenten HEXACO-Pi-R för att mäta personlighet och General Self-efficacy scale för att mäta Generell Self-efficacy. Resultaten visar en positiv korrelation mellan Extraversion, Vänlighet, Samvetsgrannhet och Self-efficacy. Detta tyder på att det finns personlighetsdrag hos individer som är relaterade till större tro på sin egen förmåga på den undersökta högskolan. Studenterna uppvisade höga värden av personlighetsdimensionen Samvetsgrannhet. Detta ger tendenser av att studenters personlighet präglas av organisering, flitighet, perfektionism och försiktighet.

Patients with advanced cancer (PWAC) are living months-years longer. With advances in oncological care, their illness can be considered chronic rather than terminal. This population of survivors emerged within the last two decades and their needs are not well understood nor are appropriate resources available. A particular concern is depression. Both clinical and subclinical depressive symptomatology can impede functioning and quality of life (QOL). Using secondary clinical data from a palliative rehabilitation program (PRP), the thesis objectives were to a) examine pre-post changes in functioning and QOL, b) examine the mechanisms of change in depressive symptomatology, and c) examine the longitudinal course of depressive symptomatology. Study 1 examined pre-post changes in QOL and functioning. Outcomes from 67 PRP patients were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results revealed ameliorations in the majority of domains (e.g. physical functioning, malnutrition) including self-reported “depression.” These results counter the existing literature that has shown that these typically stay stable until one month before death, when they drastically worsen. This begins to support that rehabilitation may be beneficial for PWAC. Study 2 focused on the finding that depression scores decreased. Changes in systemic inflammation, exercise, and general self-efficacy (GSE) from 80 PRP patients were examined as predictors of change in depressive symptomatology using a hierarchical linear regression. The model accounted for 15% of change in depression symptomatology, and GSE was the only significant predictor. This suggests that a GSE theoretical framework may be helpful in reducing depressive symptomatology in interdisciplinary palliative rehabilitation. Study 3 focused on longitudinal depressive symptomatology. Three-month follow-up data from 80 patients were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA for continuous data and a Cochrane’s Q analysis for grouped data. Results revealed that patients maintained reduced scores at follow-up. This counters the existing literature, in which longitudinal maintenance is poor following exercise-based interventions. Therefore, PRP may offer something beyond what other published interventions have previously. These finding will be discussed in the context of other existing literatures and the implications will be discussed.

No description available.

Se analizó la relación entre las variables de empatía, autoeficacia general y autoeficacia en situaciones sociales, así como entre sus dimensiones. La muestra estuvo conformada por 159 bomberos voluntarios (21.4% mujeres y 78.6% hombres), con una edad promedio de 36.08 años (DE = 10.90), pertenecientes a diversas bombas de Lima Metropolitana. Se les aplicó tres instrumentos: el Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI adaptado al español), Escala de Autoeficacia General y Escala de Autoeficacia en Situaciones Sociales. En relación a los resultados, se encontraron relaciones significativas entre la empatía y autoeficacia tanto general como en situaciones sociales. Específicamente, la dimensión Toma de Perspectiva de empatía presentó una correlación positiva, y de magnitud moderada con Autoeficacia General (rs = .44, p <. 01). Además, Toma de Perspectiva y las dimensiones de Autoeficacia para el control cognitivo (rs = .35, p <. 01) y Autoeficacia para habilidades de afrontamiento (rs = .31, p <. 01), presentan correlaciones positivas, y de magnitud moderada. Por el contrario, Distrés personal se asoció negativamente con todas las dimensiones de autoeficacia, respectivamente, (rs = -.28, p <. 01), (rs = -.27, p <. 01), (rs = .40, p <. 01), (rs = -.36, p <. 01). Adicionalmente, se encontró una relación negativa, y de magnitud moderada entre la edad y la dimensión Fantasía de empatía (rs = -.31, p <. 01). / The relationship between the variables of empathy, general self-efficacy and self-efficacy in social situations, as well as between their dimensions, was analyzed. The sample consisted of 159 volunteer firemen belonging to several fire stations of Metropolitan Lima. Of both sexes, being 21.4% women and 78.6% men, with an average age of 36.08 years (SD = 10.90). To which three instruments were applied: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI adapted to Spanish), the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Self-Efficacy Scale in Social Situations. Regarding the results, it was found that, in general, significant relationships were found between empathy and self-efficacy, both general and social situations. Specifically, the Taking Empathy perspective dimension presented a positive correlation, and of moderate magnitude with General Self-efficacy (rs = .44, p <. 01). In addition, Perspective Taking and the dimensions of Self-efficacy for cognitive control (rs = .35, p <. 01) and Self-efficacy for coping skills (rs = .31, p <. 01), present positive correlations, and of magnitude moderate In contrast, personal distress was negatively associated with all self-efficacy dimensions, respectively, (rs = -.28, p <. 01), (rs = -.27, p <. 01), (rs = .40, p <. 01), (rs = -.36, p <. 01). Additionally, a negative relationship was found, with a moderate magnitude between age and the Fantasy of Empathy dimension (rs = -.31, p <. 01). / Tesis

<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomst av överkonfidens samt hur den varierar mellan olika typer av bedömningar och personer. Mätinstrumenten som användes var dels ett frågeformulär om invånarantal i svenska kommuner med självbedömningsfrågor om prestation, och dels det svenska frågeformuläret om General Self-Efficacy. Totalt undersöktes 65 manliga respondenter. Resultatet visade att överkonfidens inte förekom, respondenterna var realistiska i bedömningarna av den egna prestationen. Differensen mellan bedömning och prestation varierade inte mellan olika typer av bedömningar. Vidare visade resultatet inget samband mellan generell self-efficacy och differens mellan bedömning och prestation. Ett negativt samband visades dock mellan de underkonfidentas generella self-efficacy och underkonfidens. Förslag på framtida forskning är att vidare undersöka realismen i olika konfidensmätningar, och att undersöka samband mellan generell self-efficacy och överkonfidens med frågeformulär konstruerade för att generera överkonfidens.</p> / <p>The aim of the study was to investigate the existence of overconfidence and how it varies between different types of judgments and individuals. The instruments that were used were both a questionnaire about inhabitants in Swedish municipalities including self-judgmental questions of performance and the Swedish questionnaire of General Self-Efficacy. A total of 65 male respondents were examined. The result showed that overconfidence did not occur; the respondents were realistic in judgments of their own performances. The difference between judgment and performance did not vary between different types of judgments. Furthermore the result showed no correlation between general self-efficacy and difference between judgment and performance. Although a negative correlation was shown between the underconfidents’ general self-efficacy and underconfidence. Suggestions on future studies are to further investigate the realism in different confidence measurements, and to investigate correlation between self-efficacy and overconfidence with questionnaires that are designed to generate overconfidence.</p>

Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomst av överkonfidens samt hur den varierar mellan olika typer av bedömningar och personer. Mätinstrumenten som användes var dels ett frågeformulär om invånarantal i svenska kommuner med självbedömningsfrågor om prestation, och dels det svenska frågeformuläret om General Self-Efficacy. Totalt undersöktes 65 manliga respondenter. Resultatet visade att överkonfidens inte förekom, respondenterna var realistiska i bedömningarna av den egna prestationen. Differensen mellan bedömning och prestation varierade inte mellan olika typer av bedömningar. Vidare visade resultatet inget samband mellan generell self-efficacy och differens mellan bedömning och prestation. Ett negativt samband visades dock mellan de underkonfidentas generella self-efficacy och underkonfidens. Förslag på framtida forskning är att vidare undersöka realismen i olika konfidensmätningar, och att undersöka samband mellan generell self-efficacy och överkonfidens med frågeformulär konstruerade för att generera överkonfidens. / The aim of the study was to investigate the existence of overconfidence and how it varies between different types of judgments and individuals. The instruments that were used were both a questionnaire about inhabitants in Swedish municipalities including self-judgmental questions of performance and the Swedish questionnaire of General Self-Efficacy. A total of 65 male respondents were examined. The result showed that overconfidence did not occur; the respondents were realistic in judgments of their own performances. The difference between judgment and performance did not vary between different types of judgments. Furthermore the result showed no correlation between general self-efficacy and difference between judgment and performance. Although a negative correlation was shown between the underconfidents’ general self-efficacy and underconfidence. Suggestions on future studies are to further investigate the realism in different confidence measurements, and to investigate correlation between self-efficacy and overconfidence with questionnaires that are designed to generate overconfidence.

The associations between personality, impression management, and organization citizen behavior are discussed. The questionnaire used at current study is designed cross-sectional, containing Self-Monitoring Scale, Machiavellianism Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Impression Management Scale, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale, administered to 247 supervisors and 247 employees. The validate response rate was 96.1%. Multivariate analytical results indicated that the differentiations between employees might affect their involvement with impression management; supplication and intimidate tactics may be the intervening variables between Machiavellianism and Organizational Citizenship Behavior; General & Specific Self-Efficacy would directly influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior, which indicates the supervisors¡¦ perception of employees will directly affected by General & Specific Self-Efficacy.

Personality has long been linked to performance. Evolutions in this relationship have brought forward new questions regarding the true nature of how personality impacts performance. Both direct and indirect relationships have been proven significant. This study further investigated potential indirect relationships by including a mediating variable, mental model formation, in the personality-performance relationship. Undergraduate students were assessed in a 6-week period, Time 1 - Time 2 experiment. Conceptualizations of personality included measures of the Big 5 model and Self-efficacy, with performance measured by content quiz and overall course scores. Findings showed that the Big 5 personality traits, extraversion and agreeableness, positively and significantly impacted commonality with the instructor’s mental model. However, commonality with the instructor’s mental model did not impact performance. In comparison, commonality with an expert mental model positively and significantly impacted performance for both the content quiz and overall course score. Furthermore, similarity with an expert mental model positively and significantly impacted overall course performance. Hypothesized full mediation of mental model formation for the personality-performance relationship was not supported due to a lack of direct effect relationships required for mediation. However, a revised conceptualization of results emerged. Findings from the current study point to the novel and unique role mental models play in the personality-performance relationship. While personality traits do impact mental model formation, accuracy in the mental models formed is critical to performance.

Companies worldwide spend millions of dollars on sales training but often fail to address the significant effect of personal attributes of salespeople on sales performance. Grounded in Bandura's self-efficacy theory, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between age, tenure, general self-efficacy, and sales performance among face-to-face salespeople of technology companies worldwide. Understanding this relationship is important to sales managers for predicting sales performance to enhance sustainability. Data were collected from 103 participants between July and September 2019 via a survey link in the largest IT sales professional LinkedIn group. Multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis indicated a significant relationship, F(3,92) = 8.64, p < .001, R2 = .22, between age, length of tenure, general self-efficacy, and sales performance of salespeople. Implications for positive social change include the potential for sales managers to understand the correlates of sales performance better to contribute to the reduction of discrimination when recruiting salespeople of various ages and experience.