This diploma thesis deals with the operation of taxi-dispatch system and possibilities of its optimization by using geolocation services. The introductory part of diploma thesis contains theoretical basis used for an analysis of the current state and for design of an appropriate solution. The analysis of the current state deals with description of dispatch system functions within the selected company, finding weaknesses of the current system and also includes an analysis of market with systems designed for dispatch operation. Based on the analysis has been proceeded to design a custom solution consisting of a mobile application and a server part, which was then put into practice in the chosen company. Diploma thesis is finished by an evaluation of the proposal, which is based on the comparison of the situation before and after the introduction of the proposed solution.

The user's mobile communication device has an increasing sense of where the user is. This location information may be very fine grained or very coarse. Given some amount of location information it is possible to create location aware services. This thesis presents and evaluates a system for location aware web browsing. Indoors the user can click on a point on a map (to establish a virtual location using a previously installed user application), outdoors the location can be provided by GPS, or the location might be provided by some other location system (indoors or outdoors), then each HTTP GET request for a URL will be augmented with information about the user's location or their virtual location. Subsequently a web query is created. Then the location information encoded as longitude and latitude is appended to this web query. The web server uses this location information to generate dynamically location aware web pages. Finally a web browser shows the web pages. / Tillgång till information varsomhelst och vilken tid som helst är en viktig utkom av modern rörliga kommunikations systems. Alltmera har användarens terminal kännedom om användarens plats. Informationen om platsen kan vara lite eller omfattande. Tillgång till information om platsen gör det möjligt att skapa platsmedvetna tjänster. I den här master thesis presenterar och utvärderar jag ett system för plats medvetna web användning. Användaren klickar på en punkt på en karta (för att inrätta en virtuell lokalisering genom att använda tidigare installerat applikationer), sedan deras HTTP GET request för en URL utvidgas med information om användarens position eller deras virtuella (verkliga) lokalisering. En platsmedveten web query har skapats så att information om plats som latitude och longitude läggs till denna web query. Sedan en web server använder denna information för att generera dynamiska web sidor.

This research concerns the CONAE Microwave Radiometer (MWR), on board the Aquarius/SAC-D platform. MWR's main purpose is to provide measurements that are simultaneous and spatially collocated with those of NASA's Aquarius radiometer/scatterometer. For this reason, knowledge of the MWR antenna beam footprint geolocation is crucial to mission success. In particular, this thesis addresses an on-orbit validation of the MWR antenna beam pointing, using calculated MWR instantaneous field of view (IFOV) centers, provided in the CONAE L-1B science data product. This procedure compares L-1B MWR IFOV centers at land/water crossings against high-resolution coastline maps. MWR IFOV locations versus time are computed from knowledge of the satellite's instantaneous location relative to an earth-centric coordinate system (provided by on-board GPS receivers), and a priori measurements of antenna gain patterns and mounting geometry. Previous conical scanning microwave radiometer missions (e.g., SSM/I) have utilized observation of rapid change in brightness temperatures (T_B) to estimate the location of land/water boundaries, and subsequently to determine the antenna beam-pointing accuracy. In this thesis, results of an algorithm to quantify the geolocation error of MWR beam center are presented, based upon two-dimensional convolution between each beam's gain pattern and land-water transition. The analysis procedures have been applied to on-orbit datasets that represent land-water boundaries bearing specific desirable criteria, which are also detailed herein. The goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of satellite radiometer beam-pointing error and thereby to improve the geolocation accuracy for MWR science data products.

Journalists rely on image and video verification to support their investigations and often utilize open source tools to verify user generated content, but current practice requires experts be involved in every step of the process. Additionally, lacking custom tools to support verification efforts, experts are often limited to the utility of existing, openly available tools, which may or may not support the interactions and information gathering they require. We aim to support the process of geolocating images and videos through crowdsourcing. By enabling crowd workers to participate in the geolocation process, we can provide investigative journalists with efficient and complete verification of image locations. Parallelizing searching speeds up the verification process as well as provides a more extensive search, all while allowing the expert to follow up on other leads or investigative work. We produced a software prototype called GroundTruth which enables crowd workers to support investigative journalists in the geolocation of visual media quickly and accurately. Additionally, this work contributes experimental results demonstrating how the crowd can be utilized to support complex sensemaking tasks. / Master of Science

The Cross Ambiguity Function (CAF) is often used for passive geolocation of an emitter based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) of the received signals. CAF performance has been thoroughly investigated in regards to traditional single-input single-output (SISO) signals. Little is known about how the CAF will respond to signals from multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems which utilize multiple antennas. This thesis focuses on characterizing the CAF's magnitude distribution in order to determine the probability of correctly determining the correct TDOA/FDOA bin, and the resulting impact on geolocation. The received signals are studied in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) as well as multi-channel propagation effects such as phase ambiguities and offsets due to multi-antenna transmission. Two and four transmit antennas using either a form of spatial multiplexing or space-time block coding are the focus of this work because they are mostly commonly found in currently deployed communication systems. The effects of these transmit schemes are studied with respect to TDOA/FDOA error and the resulting position error. The analysis is performed using a detection theory framework as opposed to estimation theory in order to empha- size the impact of MIMO transmission on determining the correct TDOA/FDOA bin. A simple method using the CAF magnitude as a decision statistic is also presented so that TDOA/FDOA errors can be detected and filtered in an attempt to improve positioning estimates. / Master of Science

La transmission radioélectrique à longue distance dans la bande HF permet de couvrir de vastes zones géographiques à l’aide d’infrastructures légères et mobiles. Elle est donc bien adaptée pour établir des communications lors d’opérations militaires ou pour le déploiement rapide d'un réseau de communication agile lors d'opérations humanitaires. Dans ce contexte, il est important de pouvoir localiser les émetteurs inconnus par l’analyse des signaux électromagnétiques de communication. L’objectif de la thèse est de développer une technique de géolocalisation alternative et complémentaire, intitulée Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), qui a rarement été étudiée dans le cas de la propagation ionosphérique. Dans un premier temps, l'algorithme de géolocalisation HF basé sur la technique TDoA est adapté et optimisé par des simulations paramétriques. Les résultats de simulation montrent que l'augmentation du nombre de récepteurs entraîne une amélioration significative de la précision de géolocalisation. Afin d'étudier la faisabilité de mise en oeuvre d'un système de géolocalisation HF basé sur la technique TDoA, plusieurs récepteurs HF pilotable à distance ont été développés à partir de modules de radio logicielle, et un réseau national de récepteurs a été déployé en France. Un concept original de sondage de canal croisé est proposé et décrit mathématiquement. Il permet d’évaluer les différences de durée de propagation entre les signaux reçus sur deux récepteurs synchronisés distincts. Les résultats expérimentaux collectés montrent qu'il est possible de localiser les émetteurs HF dans des conditions favorables avec une erreur de géolocalisation relative comprise entre 0,1 et 10% de la distance réelle au sol. Les données collectées lors de la campagne de mesure sont analysées de manière statistique afin d’évaluer la performance de l'algorithme de géolocalisation et de définir les paramètres les plus pertinents à prendre en compte pour déployer cette technique dans une approche opérationnelle. / Long-range radio transmission in the HF band can cover large geographical areas using light and mobile equipment. It is therefore well suited for communications during military operations orfor the rapid deployment of an agile communication network during humanitarian operations. In this context, it is important to determine the geographic location of the transmitters by analyzing the electromagnetic communication signals. The aim of the thesis is to develop an alternative, complementary geolocation technique, entitled Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) that has rarely been studied in the case of ionospheric propagation. As a first step, HF geolocation algorithm based on TDoA is setup and analyzed by parametric software simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that increasing the number of receivers leads to a significant improvement in the geolocation accuracy. In order to study the feasibility of a practical HF geolocation system based on TDoA, multiple remotely controllable HF receivers are designed using software defined radio (SDR) modules and a country wide operational receiver network is deployed in France. A concept of cross-channel sounding along with its mathematical description is proposed to evaluate the propagation duration differences between the signals captured by two distinct receivers. Preliminary experimental results show that it is possible to locate the HF transmitters under favorable conditions with a relative geolocation error ranging from about 0.1 to 10% of the actual ground distance. Data captured during the large scale measurement campaign are analyzed statistically to evaluate the performance of the geolocation algorithm and define parameters that could be considered in an operational approach.

In recent years there has been growing interest in ad-hoc and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for a variety of indoor applications. Localization information in these networks is an enabling technology and in some applications it is the main sought after parameter. The cooperative localization performance of WSNs is ultimately constrained by the behavior of the utilized ranging technology in dense cluttered indoor environments. Recently, ultra-wideband (UWB) Time-of-Arrival (TOA) based ranging has exhibited potential due to its large bandwidth and high time resolution. However, the performance of its ranging and cooperative localization capabilities in dense indoor multipath environments needs to be further investigated. Of main concern is the high probability of non-line of sight (NLOS) and Direct Path (DP) blockage between sensor nodes, which biases the TOA estimation and degrades the localization performance. In this dissertation, we first present the results of measurement and modeling of UWB TOA-based ranging in different indoor multipath environments. We provide detailed characterization of the spatial behavior of ranging, where we focus on the statistics of the ranging error in the presence and absence of the DP and evaluate the pathloss behavior in the former case which is important for indoor geolocation coverage characterization. Parameters of the ranging error probability distributions and pathloss models are provided for different environments: traditional office, modern office, residential and manufacturing floor; and different ranging scenarios: indoor-to-indoor (ITI), outdoor-to-indoor (OTI) and roof-to-indoor (RTI). Based on the developed empirical models of UWB TOA-based OTI and ITI ranging, we derive and analyze cooperative localization bounds for WSNs in the different indoor multipath environments. First, we highlight the need for cooperative localization in indoor applications. Then we provide comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting localization accuracy such as network and ranging model parameters. Finally we introduce a novel distributed cooperative localization algorithm for indoor WSNs. The Cooperative LOcalization with Quality of estimation (CLOQ) algorithm integrates and disseminates the quality of the TOA ranging and position information in order to improve the localization performance for the entire WSN. The algorithm has the ability to reduce the effects of the cluttered indoor environments by identifying and mitigating the associated ranging errors. In addition the information regarding the integrity of the position estimate is further incorporated in the iterative distributed localization process which further reduces error escalation in the network. The simulation results of CLOQ algorithm are then compared against the derived G-CRLB, which shows substantial improvements in the localization performance.

Baigiamojo darbo tikslas – pateikti sprendimus, kaip naudoti geolokacinius socialinius tinklus, kaip reklamos priemonę, konkrečiai remiantis ,,Foursquare“ geolokacinio socialinio tinklo pavyzdžiu. Teorinėje darbo dalyje analizuojami teoriniai geolokacinių socialinių tinklų naudojimo aspektai: nagrinėjamos vietos nustatymu paremtos reklamos techninės galimybės, išsiaiškinami vietos nustatymu paremtos reklamos ir konkrečiai geolokacinių socialinių tinklų privalumai ir trūkumai. Taip pat nustatoma vartotojų segmentavimo svarba naudojant vietos nustatymu paremtus marketingo sprendimus, galiausiai išanalizuojamas geolokacinio socialinio tinklo ,,Foursquare“ veikimo principas, aptariamos galimybės verslui ir vartotojui, diskusiniai tinklo naudojimo klausimai. Analitinėje baigiamojo darbo dalyje apžvelgiami užsienio valstybių atliktų tyrimų rezultatai, pateikiami ir analizuojami anketinių apklausų apie geolokacinių socialinių tinklų naudojimo barjerus verslo ir vartotojų atžvilgiu duomenys, apibendrinami interviu su rinkodaros specialistu ir ryšio teikėjo atstovu rezultatai. Projektinėje darbo dalyje, remiantis tyrimo rezultatais, yra suformuluojami sprendimai, kaip naudoti geolokacinius socialinius tinklus verslas-verslui ir verslas-vartotojui lygmenyse. Modelio pavidalu pateikiami sprendimai komunikacijos priemonėms, reikalingoms ,,Foursquare“ nenaudojimą paversti naudojimu (ar bent jau nežinojimą paversti žinojimu). / The aim of this paper is to provide solutions how to use geolocation social networks as advertising. The solutions are provided on the basis of ,,Foursquare”. The first chapter of this paper focuses on the theoretical analysis of geolocation social networks use. At first, the location-based advertising technical issues are analyzed, the benefits are determined and the disadvantages of location-based advertising and in particular in geolocation social networks are pointed out. The paper also discusses the importance of segmentation in using geolocation social networks as an advertising tool. Finally, the geolocation social network ,,Foursquare” is analyzed to show the benefits for businesses and smart phone users. The second chapter of this paper analyzes statistics of the location-based advertising situation in foreign countries. In this chapter, the paper also discusses the results of surveys accomplished with marketers and smart phone users about difficulties of ,,Foursquare” use. Furthermore, the results of the interview with a network operator expert and a marketing specialist about barriers that cause slow adoption of geolocation social networks in Lithuania are analyzed. The third chapter focuses on possible solutions how to use geolocation social networks in business to business (B2B) and business to consumer (B2C) environments. Needed communication elements for ,,Foursquare“ use are provided in a model created by the author.

This thesis explores the creation of a scaling, containerized, advertisement server that will be used by Gold Town Games AB to better integrate ads into their application(s). The server is built as a Docker image that will be used to create server instances on AWS Elastic Container Service for automatic scaling and server resource configuration. The server was created with the intention that GTG will have full control over what advertisements are shown in their application(s) and to seamlessly integrate sponsored logos onto jerseys or sports fields. This will not only serve as a source of income with advertisers paying for ad space, but it will also make the game elements more realistic as we have come to expect teams and stadiums to be sponsored and plastered with company logos. Another important part when displaying advertisement is to track statistics for the ads, since without a way to show advertisers that their ads are shown and that they are generating engagement it is very hard to sell the ad space. / Detta examensarbete utforskar skapandet av en skalbar, containerbaserad, reklamserver som kommer användas av Gold Town Games AB för att integrera reklam i deras applikation(er). Servern är byggd som en Docker-bild som används för att skapa instanser på AWS Elastic Container Service för automatisk skalning och serverresurshantering. Servern är utvecklad med tanken att GTG ska ha full kontroll över vilken reklam som visas i deras applikation(er) och för att kunna lägga till sponsrade loggor på matchtröjor och i arenor. Detta är inte bara en extra form av inkomst, då annonsörer betalar för reklamplatser, utan hjälper även till att få delar av spelen att kännas mer realistiska då vi är vana att lag och arenor är sponsrade och fulla av företagsloggor. En annan viktig del när man visar reklam är att kunna spara statistik för den, eftersom det skulle vara väldigt svårt att sälja reklamplatser utan att kunna visa att folk faktiskt ser reklamen.

NASCIMENTO, M. F. S. TV white space for digital inclusion in Brazil. 2017. 72 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Teleinformática)–Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-08T18:02:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_mfnascimento.pdf: 5688076 bytes, checksum: 1cc24af829d0f32975a0885021225eb2 (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Matheus: Existe uma orientação para que normalizemos as dissertações e teses da UFC, em suas paginas pré-textuais e lista de referencias, pelas regras da ABNT. Por esse motivo, sugerimos consultar o modelo de template, para ajudá-lo nesta tarefa, disponível em: http://www.biblioteca.ufc.br/educacao-de-usuarios/templates/ Vamos agora as correções sempre de acordo com o template: 1. Na capa as informações relativas a hierarquia institucional deve ser em língua portuguesa, Nome da INSTITUIÇÃO; do CENTRO; do DEPARTAMENTO e do PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO. Nesta ordem. 2. Na folha de rosto (que segue a capa) Apenas o titulo deve ficar em inglês as demais informações são em português. A partir da folha de rosto, todas as outras devem ficar em inglês. 3. A dedicatória está fora da distancia necessária até o final da folha. 4. A palavra Acknowledgments é em caixa alta, negrito e centralizada na folha. 5. A epígrafe está fora da distancia necessária até o final da folha. 6. O resumo deve vir antes do Abstract, mesmo quando o trabalho for em língua inglesa. A palavra resumo é em caixa alta, negrito e centralizada na folha. E a expressão Palavras-chave deve ser em negrito. 7. O sumário deve ser todo em negrito e nas seções com 3 dígitos (2.2.1) além de negrito deve ser em itálico. 8. Na lista de referências, veja o espaço entre as linhas que a ABNT determina. Coloque os nomes dos autores entrando pelo sobrenome, seguido do pré nome. Ex. Coelho Junior, Hélio. Se vc optar por abreviar os nomes em toda a lista eles devem ser abreviados. Se vc optar em colocar por extenso em toda e lista deve ficar por extenso para haver uma padronização. Os títulos das publicações devem ser destacadas com o uso do negrito (não use aspas). Com exceção dos artigos de periódicos que devem ser destacados o nome das revistas e não o titulo do artigo. Ao citar os artigos coloque as abreviações v. n. p. e não vol. no e pp. Após essas correções, enviaremos o nada consta por e-mail. Att. Marlene Rocha mmarlene@ufc.br on 2017-09-11T11:58:36Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-10-03T13:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_mfnascimento.pdf: 5700235 bytes, checksum: b2c4f7caca78f61b98f57321ad854e92 (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Renato: CORRIGIR O NOME DO ARQUIVO PARA: 2017_dis_mfsnascimento Prezado Matheus: Falta ainda vc corrigir de acordo com template 1. No sumário quando colocar em itálico as seções terciárias ( 3 dígitos) os algarismos também ficam em itálico. Vc só colocou em itálico o título da seção. 2. Na lista de referencias, Vc colocou os sobrenomes na ordem correta como falei, mas esqueceu que são TODOS em caixa alta. Corrigir em toda a lista. Ex. MUECK, M. Att. Marlene on 2017-10-03T18:55:29Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-10-06T12:47:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_mfsnascimento.pdf: 5699792 bytes, checksum: fe9750751514aac9e39d3926f7adb7ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2017-10-06T17:35:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_mfsnascimento.pdf: 5699792 bytes, checksum: fe9750751514aac9e39d3926f7adb7ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-06T17:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_mfsnascimento.pdf: 5699792 bytes, checksum: fe9750751514aac9e39d3926f7adb7ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-21 / This work presents a technological opportunity to make efficient use of the spectrum and at the same time shows its importance to provide digital inclusion in Brazil. The method- ology is applied in a case study investigating the area of Cear ́a, a Brazilian state, where a significant amount of spectrum that can be unleashed via TV White Space exploitation is relevant to be considered, due to its geographic and economical conditions. These white spaces can fill up some holes in the state that do not present any mobile coverage and improve the telecommunication services in other areas. The technology concept, world regulation situation and possible applications using the resource are described throughout this work. The main purpose is to use TV White Spaces together with the LTE band, as a way to soften part of the poor coverage services of 3G, 4G. / Este trabalho apresenta uma oportunidade tecnológica para fazer o uso eficiente do espectro e, ao mesmo tempo, mostra sua importância para a inclusão digital no Brasil. A metodologia é aplicada em um estudo de caso que investiga a área do Ceará, estado brasileiro, onde uma quantidade significativa de espectro que pode ser desencadeada através da exploração dos Espaços em Brancos de TV é relevante a ser considerada, devido as suas condições geográficas e econômicas. Estes espaços em branco podem preencher alguns buracos no estado que não apresentam qualquer cobertura móvel e melhorar os serviços de telecomunicações em outras áreas. O conceito de tecnologia, situação de regulação mundial e possíveis aplicações usando o recurso são descritos ao longo deste trabalho. A principal finalidade é usar os Espaços em Brancos de TV juntamente com a banda do LTE, para tentar suavizar parte do péssimo serviço de cobertura das redes 3G e 4G.