The objective of this research is to evaluate and introduce a new methodology regarding rural highway safety. Current practices rely on crash prediction models that utilize specific explanatory variables, whereas the depository of knowledge for past research is the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). Most of the prediction models in the HSM identify the effect of individual geometric elements on crash occurrence and consider their combination in a multiplicative manner, where each effect is multiplied with others to determine their combined influence. The concepts of 3-dimesnional (3-D) representation of the roadway surface have also been explored in the past aiming to model the highway structure and optimize the roadway alignment. The use of differential geometry on utilizing the 3-D roadway surface in order to understand how new metrics can be used to identify and express roadway geometric elements has been recently utilized and indicated that this may be a new approach in representing the combined effects of all geometry features into single variables. This research will further explore this potential and examine the possibility to utilize 3-D differential geometry in representing the roadway surface and utilize its associated metrics to consider the combined effect of roadway features on crashes. It is anticipated that a series of single metrics could be used that would combine horizontal and vertical alignment features and eventually predict roadway crashes in a more robust manner. It should be also noted that that the main purpose of this research is not to simply suggest predictive crash models, but to prove in a statistically concrete manner that 3-D metrics of differential geometry, e.g. Gaussian Curvature and Mean Curvature can assist in analyzing highway design and safety. Therefore, the value of this research is oriented towards the proof of concept of the link between 3-D geometry in highway design and safety. This thesis presents the steps and rationale of the procedure that is followed in order to complete the proposed research. Finally, the results of the suggested methodology are compared with the ones that would be derived from the, state-of-the-art, Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM), which is essentially the software that is currently used and based on the findings of the HSM.

The identification of roadway sections with a higher than expected number of crashes is usually based on long term crash frequency data. In situations where historical crash data are limited or not available, surrogate safety measures, based on characteristics such as road geometries, traffic volume, and speed variation are often considered. Most of existing crash prediction models relate safety to speed variation at a specific point on the roadway. However, such point-specific explanatory variables do not capture the effect of speed consistency along the roadway. This study developed several measures based on the speed profiles along road segments to estimate the crash frequency on urban streets. To collect speed profile data, second-by-second speed data were obtained from more than 460 GPS-equipped vehicles participating in the Commute Atlanta Study over the 2004 calendar year. A series of speed data filters have been developed to identify likely free-flow speed data. The quantified relationships between surrogate measures and crash frequency are developed using regression tree and generalized linear modeling (GLM) approaches. The results indicate that safety characteristics of roadways are likely a function of the roadway classification. Two crash prediction models with different set of explanatory variables were developed for higher and lower classification roadways. The findings support the potential use of the profile-based measures to evaluate the safety of road network as the deployment of GPS-equipped vehicles become more prevalent.

This research aims to present part of the history of the Geometric Design history in Brazil, passing through significant historical moments, that played a very important role in the development of nowadays Geometric Design, searching for its importance, as well as what it‟s into the National Curricular Parameters (PCNs).The Van Hiele's Theory is presented through its different levels and how the teacher can use this theory and provide a better use of learning in Geometry. The works shows a previous and posteriori evaluation to diagnose the level of geometric learning of the students before and after the activities proposed in this paper, with reference as evaluation criterion the Theory of Van Hiele. Some activities were applied in a state school in Arapiraca-AL, with a 9th grade class, which involved basic geometric constructions to aid in the learning of Geometry. As results some considerations were taken into account about the activities that were proposed in the classroom and how they could help in the process of teaching and learning Geometry. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Apresentamos, neste trabalho, um pouco da história do ensino do Desenho Geométrico no Brasil, que passando por momentos históricos significativos tiveram um papel muito importante no desenvolvimento do que se tem hoje sobre Desenho Geométrico, procurando sua importância, bem como o que dizem os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Mostramos, também, a Teoria de Van Hiele, passando por seus diferentes níveis e como o professor pode utilizar essa teoria e proporcionar um melhor aproveitamento de aprendizagem na Geometria. Apresentamos uma avaliação prévia e posteriori para diagnosticar o nível de aprendizagem geométrica dos alunos antes e depois da realização das atividades propostas nesta dissertação, tendo como critério de avaliação a Teoria de Van Hiele. Aplicamos algumas atividades em uma escola Estadual de Arapiraca-AL, com uma turma do 9º ano, que envolviam construções geométricas básicas para auxiliar na aprendizagem da Geometria. Finalizamos com as considerações sobre as atividades que foram propostas em sala de aula e como elas puderam auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Geometria.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo primário abordar os atuais conhecimentos sobre o transporte ferroviário interurbano e regional de passageiros, com foco na tecnologia dos trens de caixa móvel, também conhecidos como trens pendulares. Como objetivo secundário busca-se analisar a influência dos trens de caixa móvel ou pendulares na implantação e operação de novas ferrovias, com ênfase na adequação em fase de projeto, mostrando-se o potencial dessa tecnologia para o aumento da velocidade média e a redução dos tempos de viagem. São tratados os tópicos relevantes para o transporte ferroviário de passageiros, como o conforto do usuário, as especificações técnicas do material rodante e referências dos custos de implantação e operação envolvidos, mostrando-se também dentro de cada aspecto as diferenças dos trens pendulares em relação aos trens convencionais. Três estudos de caso elaborados terão como objetivo explicitar as interveniências da operação dos trens pendulares com o projeto ferroviário, em especial com o projeto geométrico, e através de simulações de marcha e comparações, mostrar de maneira prática o potencial do uso dos trens pendulares. Através do embasamento teórico e dos estudos de caso, é feita uma análise crítica de modo a possibilitar tanto um entendimento do transporte ferroviário de passageiros, quanto do material rodante de caixa móvel e suas possibilidades. Os resultados dos estudos de caso e a análise crítica mostram uma redução significativa dos tempos de viagem, entre 8,1 e 20,0%, mediante a operação de trens pendulares em substituição ao material rodante convencional. / As a primary objective, the present work aims to summarize the current knowledge on intercity and regional passenger railway transportation, focusing on tilting train technology, also known as car body tilt. As a secondary objective, the present work seeks to analyze the influence of tilting train technology on the design, implementation and operation of new railway corridors, with emphasis on design phase, showing the potential of this technology to increase speeds and reduce travel times. Railway passenger transportation issues, such as passenger comfort, rolling stock technical specifications and implementation and operational costs are addressed. Additionally, different aspects between conventional and tilting trains are also discussed. Three case studies help clarify the correlation between tilting train operation and railway design, especially the geometric design; further, with the help of speed simulations and comparisons, the potential use of tilting train operations are demonstrated. With the theoretical basis and the case studies, a critical analysis is made, allowing as a better understanding of railway passenger transportation with regards to the use of tilting rolling stock and its possibilities. The results of the case studies and the critical analysis present a considerable reduction in travel times, between 8,1 and 20,0%, with the operation of tilting trains in the place of the conventional rolling stock.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T17:20:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ederquintaolisboa.pdf: 10343431 bytes, checksum: 613268abe2ff31d51cac6344716c4084 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:35:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ederquintaolisboa.pdf: 10343431 bytes, checksum: 613268abe2ff31d51cac6344716c4084 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:35:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ederquintaolisboa.pdf: 10343431 bytes, checksum: 613268abe2ff31d51cac6344716c4084 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-18 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo histórico sobre as transformações sofridas pela disciplina Desenho Geométrico, ao longo do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática, criado no final da década de 1960, na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Intencionamos identificar como foi o ensino desta disciplina, bem como os motivos que provocaram sua retirada do currículo. Os pilares que dão embasamento teóricometodológico a esta pesquisa, são fundamentados na perspectiva historiográfica moderna proposta pela escola dos Annales, representada neste contexto pelo historiador Marc Bloch. Far-se-á uso também dos estudos de Michael de Certeau (2001) que traz reflexões sobre o cotidiano na pesquisa; André Chervell (1990) que nos remete à história das disciplinas escolares; Ivor Goodson(1990) que nos evidencia elementos que permeiam a constituição, organização e evolução de disciplinas escolares ou acadêmicas; além de Alessandro Portelli (2010) que nos revela a importância do uso de entrevista como um instrumento capaz de alcançar informações que não poderíamos ter acesso ao se trabalhar apenas com documentos. Dessa forma, as questões norteadoras, desta pesquisa, são: Quais os fatores que levaram ao desaparecimento da disciplina de Desenho Geométrico no curso de licenciatura em matemática da UFJF? Por que em alguns momentos a disciplina de Desenho Geométrico se configurou no âmbito do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da UFJF com tanto prestígio, enquanto em outros períodos apareceu tão desprestigiada? Em que medida, as necessidades práticas demandadas pela sociedade contribuíram na constituição e estabilização da disciplina de Desenho Geométrico em cursos de formação de professores de matemática? Como saberes científicos relacionados ao Desenho Geométrico participaram da delimitação da disciplina? A partir das fontes analisadas, matrizes curriculares, ementas, materiais didáticos, legislações, entrevistas com alunos e/ou professores, foi possível construir a trajetória do ensino de desenho geométrico no período de 1969 a 2009. Analisando como ocorreram as transformações sofridas pela disciplina Desenho Geométrico na UFJF identificamos elementos que facultaram momentos de estabilidade, como também, momentos de instabilidade e extinção. Os principais elementos elencados foram: determinações legais; possibilidade do licenciado em Matemática em atuar na Educação Básica como professor de Desenho Geométrico; a busca por espaços, por parte do Departamento de Matemática, na matriz curricular do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática; a pouca comunicação entre os departamentos responsáveis em ofertar disciplinas ao curso de Licenciatura em Matemática; a extinção do Departamento de Desenho e a posterior transferência da disciplina Desenho Geométrico para o Departamento de Matemática; as concepções a respeito da relevância do desenho geométrico no curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. Por fim, esta dissertação oportuniza se pensar, no presente, novos olhares para o desenho num curso de formação de professores de Matemática. / The present work aims at the historical study about the transformations suffered by geometric design discipline, throughout the course of degree in mathematics, created in the late 1960, at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, with the aim of identifying how education was taught this discipline, as well as the reasons that led to its withdrawal from the curriculum. The pillars that give theoretical-methodological basis to this survey are based on modern historiographical perspective proposed by the Annales School, represented in this context by the historian Marc Bloch. It will also use the studies of Michael de Certeau (2001) which brings reflections on everyday life in research, André Chervell (1990) refers to the history of school subjects, Ivor Goodson (1990) works that the evidence that elements permeate the constitution, organization and evolution of disciplines and schools or academic, and Alessandro Portelli (2010) that reveals the importance of using the interview as an instrument capable of achieving information that we could not have access only when working with documents. Thus, the guiding questions, this survey, were: what factors did it led to the disappearance of the geometric design discipline in the course of degree in mathematics from UFJF? Why was the Geometric design discipline in the course of degree in mathematics from UFJF with so much prestige, while at other times appeared so unappreciated? What does the practical need demanded by society contributed in the formation and stabilization of the geometric design discipline in teacher training courses of math? How did scientific knowledge related to geometric design participate in the demarcation of discipline? From the sources analyzed, curricula matrices, contents, curriculum teaching materials, legislation, interviews with students, teachers identify and others traces Geometric drawing education during the period from 1969 to 2009, pointing, elements that gave the discipline moments of prestige, as well as depreciation over time, analyzing the reasons that led to its extinction in the course curriculum of mathematics of UFJF. The main elements listed were: legal determinations; possibility of licensee in mathematics in act on Basic Education as professor of Geometric Design; the search for spaces, by the Mathematics Department in the curriculum matrix course degree in mathematics; the little communication between the departments responsible in giving disciplines to course degree in mathematics; the Design Department extinction and the later transfer of geometric design for the Mathematics Department; the conceptions regarding the geometric design relevance in the course of degree in Mathematics. Finally, this dissertation grants people think, at present, new looks for the design a training course for mathematics teachers.

La falta de inclusión del peatón como de usuarios de vehículos no motores dificulta el tránsito fluido y seguro de estos, ya que la ciudad ha sido planificada para el tránsito de vehículos motores. Ante la nueva tendencia por transportes sostenibles y económicos, la ciudad se ve obligada a desarrollar infraestructura con el fin de incorporar al peatón y los usuarios de vehículos no motorizados en el sistema de transporte. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo la optimización del desplazamiento peatonal y de vehículos no motorizados en la avenida Arequipa, interrumpidos por la infraestructura vehicular entre las cuadras 25 y 29, mediante el rediseño de la infraestructura. La evaluación es del tipo microscópico, por ello se recolectó los datos de campo como demanda vehicular, peatonal y de usuarios de vehículos no motores, así como la geometría del espacio público donde transitan los mencionados e identificar los perjuicios de la infraestructura vehicular en este. Con los valores de tiempo de desplazamiento, velocidad y vías que intervienen a lo largo del espacio público, se representa el escenario actual que contiene la problemática existente. Estos datos permiten crear un modelo de microsimulación en el software Vissim y VisWalk, que se calibra y se valida para que este modelo tenga un comportamiento lo más parecido a la realidad. La propuesta de mejora consta el rediseño geométrico del espacio público lineal, optimización del ciclo semafórico, así como cambios en la intersección en mención. Los parámetros de eficiencia elegidos son la longitud de cola, la velocidad de desplazamiento y principalmente los tiempos de desplazamiento de los usuarios de este espacio público lineal. Los resultados concluyen una mejora en los tiempos y velocidades de desplazamiento de los ciclistas en un 40% y 20% respectivamente, es decir que se puede incluir a los usuarios de vehículos no motores y peatones en una intersección de alta demanda. Asimismo, una optimización del ciclo semafórico y su beneficio en la reducción de longitud de colas de vehículos que avalan la eficiencia del modelo propuesto con una reducción porcentual de 8.57%, 16.2% y 12.74% respectivamente para las distintas avenidas examinadas en esta investigación. / The lack of inclusion of pedestrians as users of non-motor vehicles makes it difficult for them to flow smoothly and safely, since the city has been planned for the transit of motor vehicles. Faced with the new trend for sustainable and economic transport, the city is forced to develop infrastructure in order to incorporate pedestrians and users of non-motorized vehicles into the transport system. The objective of this research is to optimize pedestrian and non-motorized vehicle movement on Arequipa Avenue, interrupted by vehicular infrastructure between blocks 25 and 29, by redesigning the infrastructure. The evaluation is of the microscopic type, for this reason the field data was collected such as vehicular, pedestrian demand and from users of non-motor vehicles, as well as the geometry of the public space where the mentioned ones transit and identify the damages of the vehicular infrastructure in it. With the values ​​of travel time, speed and roads that intervene throughout the public space, the current scenario that contains existing problems is represented. This data allow to create a microsimulation model in Vissim and VisWalk software, which is calibrated and validated so that this model has a behavior that is as close to reality as possible. The improvement proposal consists of a geometric redesign of the linear public space, optimization of the traffic light cycle, as well as changes in the mentioned intersection. The chosen efficiency parameters are the queue length, the travel speed and mainly the travel times of the users of this linear public space. The results conclude an improvement in the times and speeds of the cyclists by 40% and 20%, respectively, that is, users of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians can be included in a high-demand intersection. Likewise, an optimization of the traffic signal cycle and its benefit in reducing the length of vehicle queues that guarantee the efficiency of the proposed model with a percentage reduction of 8.57%, 16.2% and 12.74% respectively for the different avenues examined in this investigation. / Tesis

Muchas intersecciones de Lima tienen problemas de congestión de tránsito, debido a que la capacidad de la vía ha sido superada en tiempo récord. Esto puede atribuirse al crecimiento descontrolado que tiene la capital, cada vez hay más atractores de viajes que no fueron tomados en cuenta en los estudios de tráfico anteriores. En la presente tesis se realizó el estudio de microsimulación de tráfico de la intersección de la avenida La Marina con la avenida Rafael Escardó, con la finalidad de identificar las condiciones actuales de circulación y su mejora. Se tomó como base diseños geométricos de intersecciones estudiadas por Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) y se presentaron tres alternativas de solución, las cuales contemplan tres diseños geométricos diferentes. La primera alternativa es MUT, la segunda tiene giros a la izquierda protegidos y la tercera es RCUT. Para ello se realizó la construcción de los modelos en Vissim y su calibración para lograr las condiciones reales de Lima. Finalmente, se realizó el análisis comparativo de tres variables, la cola promedio, el tiempo de viaje y el número de paradas. Siendo la segunda alternativa la que obtuvo un mejor resultado, la cola promedio se redujo en 33 metros aproximadamente, el tiempo de viaje disminuyo en 22 segundos y las paradas por vehículo se redujeron en la mitad. Por ello, se recomienda la implementación de la segunda alternativa. / Many intersections in Lima have traffic congestion problems because the capacity of the highway has been exceeded in record time. This can be attributed to the uncontrolled growth that the capital has, there are more and more travel attractors in the city that were not considered in previous traffic studies. n this thesis, a traffic microsimulation study will be carried out at the intersection of La Marina Avenue with Rafael Escardó avenue, to identify current traffic conditions. Taking as a base some geometric designs of intersections studied by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), three alternative solutions were presented. The first alternative is MUT, the second has protected left turns and the third is RCUT. For this purpose, the models were built in Vissim and calibrated to achieve the real conditions of Lima. Finally, a comparative analysis of three variables, average queue, travel time and number of stops, was performed. The second alternative obtained the best result, the average queue was reduced by approximately 33 meters, the travel time was reduced by 22 seconds and the number of stops per vehicle was reduced by half. Therefore, the implementation of the second alternative is recommended. / Tesis

La presente tesis propone una alternativa de solución para la reducción de la longitud de cola vehicular que se registra en la unidad de peaje Variante, a través de un rediseño geométrico, así como la instalación de sistemas inteligentes de transporte. Para la elaboración de esta propuesta se analizó la problemática que se presenta de forma diaria de dicha unidad de peaje, la misma que afecta a miles de usuarios, generando malestar, pérdida de tiempo y en general insatisfacción del servicio que se brinda en dichas instalaciones. La propuesta fue analizada a través microsimulación con el software Vissim, usando un modelo de calibración y validación a fin de simular la situación real de la zona. En el Capítulo 1 se plantea a problemática, antecedes de trabajos relacionados, desarrollo de la hipótesis, planteamiento de objetivos de la presente investigación. En el Capítulo 2 se ha desarrollado el marco teórico el mismo que sustenta el modelo de microsimulación. En el Capítulo 3 se describe la metodología usada, la misma que inició con la recolección de data de campo hasta la calibración y validación del modelo de microsimulación. En el Capítulo 4 se hace la presentación de los resultados de la situación actual y la simulación de la propuesta de mejora del diseño geométrico e instalación de un sistema inteligente de transporte, con lo cual se logra la reducción de la longitud de cola de hasta un 42% en horas pico. En el Capítulo 5 se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones que se logran con el presente trabajo. / This thesis proposes an alternative solution to reduce the length of the vehicular queue at the Variante Toll Unit, through a geometric redesign, as well as the installation of intelligent transportation systems. For the elaboration of this proposal, the problems that occur on a daily basis at this toll unit were analyzed, which affect thousands of users, generating discomfort, loss of time and in general dissatisfaction with the service provided at these facilities. The proposal was analyzed through microsimulation with Vissim software, using a calibration and validation model to simulate the real situation in the area. Chapter 1 presents the problem, the background of related works, the development of the hypothesis, and the objectives of this research. In Chapter 2, the theoretical framework that supports the microsimulation model is developed. In Chapter 3 the methodology used is described, the same one that began with the collection of field data until the calibration and validation of the microsimulation model. Chapter 4 presents the results of the current situation and the simulation of the proposal to improve the geometric design and installation of an intelligent transport system, thereby reducing the queue length of up to one 42% in peak hours. In Chapter 5 the conclusions and recommendations that are achieved with this work are presented. / Tesis

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é trazer à tona conceitos importantes da geometria no plano euclidiano sob o título de construções geométricas, cada vez mais esquecidos nos currículos escolares brasileiros. Nossa primeira ideia é mostrar a dificuldade que professores do ensino médio poderão encontrar ao tentar descobrir quais conceitos validam suas práticas já que os argumentos que validam a possibilidade ou a impossibilidade de algumas construções geométricas residem numa álgebra abstrata de difícil compreensão e domínio por parte dos professores, sobretudo aqueles que não cursaram disciplinas mais avançadas em matemática. Vamos comentar sobre os principais problemas da antiguidade que motivaram os matemáticos às descobertas de novas propriedades, apresentar tais construções geométricas e apresentar uma descrição algébrica das construções geométricas. A ideia é que através da álgebra abstrata podemos obter argumentos que validem a possibilidade e impossibilidade de tais construções e assim aumentar a cultura matemática do professor do ensino médio e não transformá-lo num expert no assunto. / [en] The main purpose of this work is to rescue the important concepts in geometric constructions. Concepts that are being progressively forgotten by Brazilian curriculums in schools. First, we want to present the difficulties that high school teachers might face when they will try to formalize concepts like the possibility or not to construct some figures in the Euclidean plane, especially those who have not studied advanced math courses at undergraduation. We comment on the main problems of antiquity that led mathematicians to new discoveries properties, we present geometric constructions as well as an algebraic description of these geometric constructions. The idea is that through abstract algebra we can present arguments about the possibility or impossibility of such constructions. In this work, we will comment that abstract algebra will help teachers to validate some arguments that involves the possibility or not to construct some figures as well as to enlarge high schools teachers culture, not trying to make them experts in the subject.

El óvalo Tortugas, se encuentra ubicado en el Km 395.5 de la Panamericana Norte, en el departamento de Ancash, provincia de Casma, el Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones concesionó un tramo de la carretera a la empresa OHL con el nombre de red vial N°4; en ésta se han construido 07 óvalos con similares condiciones de diseño geométrico. Las principales actividades económicas que realizan las comunidades que integran esta autopista son: agricultura, ganadería, minería y turismo. Las cuales se ven afectadas principalmente por los numerosos accidentes de tránsito, largas horas de viaje, elevados costos de pasaje, etc. producidos por las deficiencias geométricas que el óvalo presenta. La presente tesis propone reducir el número de puntos negros en el óvalo tortugas aplicando la metodología del manual de seguridad vial por el MTC, para ello tenemos que cumplir cuatro criterios para señalar que un lugar con un número de accidentes elevado sea considerado como punto negro, se clasificarán los tipos de accidentes en el óvalo. Realizaremos un análisis de inspección de seguridad vial mediante listas de chequeo siguiendo las recomendaciones del manual de seguridad vial del Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones y se comprobará que existen deficiencias en todo el recorrido desde el ingreso, hasta la salida del óvalo. Usaremos criterios de “Design manual for roads and Bridges – CD 116 para realizar una propuesta del diseño geométrico del óvalo Tortugas. Realizaremos simulaciones con el software vehicle tracking versión 2019 para analizar las condiciones actuales y la propuesta de acuerdo al manual. / Tortugas roundabout is located at Km 395.5 from North highway, in the Department of Ancash, Province and District of Casma. Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC) granted a section of the highway to the company OHL, naming it Red Vial No. 4; there are 07 more roundabouts that had been built with similar geometric design conditions. The main economic activities carried out by the affected communities from this highway are: agriculture, farming, mining and tourism. Which are mainly affected by the numerous traffic accidents, long hours of travel, high ticket costs, etc. produced by the geometric deficiencies that the roundabout presents. This thesis proposes to reduce the number of black spots in Turtle roundabout applying the methodology of the Road Safety Manual from the MTC, for this we have to identify four criteria to be able to indicate that a place with a high number of accidents is considered as a Black spot, the types of accidents will be classified in the roundabout. We will carry out a road safety inspection analysis using checklists of the Road Safety Manual of the Ministry of Transport and Communications and it will be verified that there are deficiencies in the entire route from of the roundabout. We will use criteria from “Design manual for roads and Bridges - CD 116 to make a proposal for the geometric design of the Tortugas roundabout. We will carry out simulations with Vehicle Tracking Software version 2019 to analyze the current conditions and the proposals according to the manual. / Tesis