Under the severe competition environment, it is very important for enterprise to create various goals and install process oriented information system to support it to reach business visions on business growth and expansion. For keeping the enterprise competitive advantage the business goals needed to be modified continuously under the change of competition environment. But the business information systems could still support the modified business goals? Information system could become less efficiency than before after business goals changed. The purpose of this study is to develop a business goals oriented information system evaluation approach to understand the degree of information system supporting the business goals. The approach first abstracts business goal and process oriented information system by business management methods and utilizes use case as the evaluation tool. Quantitative index and diagram as the result of evaluation explains the relationship between business goals and information systems. The results of evaluation could provide advantages on the information technology decision making for business leaders.

Learning motivation plays a principal role in predicting desirable outcomes such as academic success and engagement in school (Elliot & Dweck, 2005; Spence & Helmreich, 1983). Among several relevant motivational variables, the achievement goal construct currently has received the most research attention in the area of competence-relevant motivation. Theorists are interested in studying achievement goals because goal orientation can influence cognitive processes through key motivational processes and eventually lead to improvement in learning achievement and attitudes (e.g., Ames, 1984; Elliot, 2005). Little is known, however, about regulations in achievement goals over time. In the present study, I want to address this oversight, focusing primarily on the foundational question of how students' achievement goals are changed and the relations between individual goals and perceptions of classroom structures. Based on previous literature, the current quasi-experimental study focused on the research hypothesis that instructional components of a course which are focused on competence (e.g., exam, in-class quiz, writing a paper, in-class activities) influence differentially the adoption or regulation of students' achievement goals in a real classroom. A total of 173 college students from an introductory educational psychology course participated in this study. I adopted five statistical approaches to investigate changes and stability in achievement goals and used multiple regression analyses to verify the relations between achievement goals and perceptions of class goals. Overall, the results of the current study provide clear and consistent evidence for the presence of both stability and change. All achievement goals had high stability for each instructional task through differential and ipsative continuity. Mean-level change analyses showed a considerable decline in the tendency in each individual goal pursuit. Interestingly, students' mastery goals toward an exam increased significantly whereas performance-avoidance goals decreased. Finally, cluster analysis suggested changes in cluster memberships between the pre- and post-measure of achievement goals toward each instructional task and participants' perceptions of classroom goals. The results and findings of the current study provide important implications for both research methodology used to investigate achievement goals and instructional design in the classroom. Limitations of the current investigation and suggestions for future studies are discussed. / text

While much research exists on self-efficacy in music programs, few research studies have qualitatively examined the impact of vocal performance settings on music education majors' self-efficacies and career goals. This collective case study examines the self-efficacy perceptions of four undergraduate vocal music education students in five vocal performance and rehearsal settings: (a) voice lessons, (b) studio classes, (c) choral rehearsals, (d) choral performances, and (e) juries. During a spring semester at a major university in the southwestern United States, I examined how participants' perceptions of their family backgrounds, career goals, lifestyles, peers, and student-teacher relationships influenced their vocal self-efficacy perceptions and music career goals. Data collection included observations, individual interviews with participants, and one focus group interview. Coding methods were used to analyze the interview transcripts and observation field notes. Triangulation, peer review, and member checks of transcriptions were used to ensure accuracy. Findings are documented case-by-case and as cross-case themes. I found that mastery experiences and family support during adolescence influenced participants' initial decisions to major in music but had little influence on vocal self-efficacy during the study. Secondly, self-efficacy changes noted throughout the study influenced participants' career goals. Other emergent themes included the role of memory, teacher feedback, concept comprehension and socialization. I conclude with cross-case themes and offer ideas for future self-efficacy research.

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Today, digital technologies (DT) can be said to play an important role in the Swedish school system. The goal of this essay was to describe DT use by school leaders, in relation to their views on schools’ goals and visions, and teachers’ and students’ use of DTs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five school leaders of secondary schools in Umeå municipality, Sweden. The results show that school leaders’ use of DTs center on three key tasks: communication, information and administration. Further, it is shown that school leaders’ views vary in regards to DTs’ role in school goals, and visions, for digital use. In the discussion/analysis it is argued that school leaders’ views on DTs in schools can be explained as functionalistic, and that this view may inhibit new uses for DTs in schools, and also give a dysfunctional view on the technologies that school leaders do not use. In conclusion it is argued that school leaders might need to reflect more about the DT use of schools

Recently, Peru went through a major process to reform its mining tax system oriented to striking an appropriate balance between two conflicting goals: (1) to raise tax revenues, and (2) to attract investment to the mining sector. This thesis analyzes if this objective is being achieved. This thesis analyses the recent enactments in the Peruvian mining tax regime by using a combination of doctrinal analysis, law and economics and public choice analysis. This thesis contains a detailed assessment of the political dynamics that give rise to the particular law reform and presents some recommendations as to what should be considered by the government when enacting additional mining tax legislation in order for the reform to be successful in achieving the goals intended.

Recently, Peru went through a major process to reform its mining tax system oriented to striking an appropriate balance between two conflicting goals: (1) to raise tax revenues, and (2) to attract investment to the mining sector. This thesis analyzes if this objective is being achieved. This thesis analyses the recent enactments in the Peruvian mining tax regime by using a combination of doctrinal analysis, law and economics and public choice analysis. This thesis contains a detailed assessment of the political dynamics that give rise to the particular law reform and presents some recommendations as to what should be considered by the government when enacting additional mining tax legislation in order for the reform to be successful in achieving the goals intended.

This study examined parents’ goals for reading ABC books with their children and their perceptions of page features. Factor analysis of a questionnaire answered by 225 parents of junior and senior kindergarten students revealed four goals for reading alphabet books. In order of importance as rated by parents the goals were: Learning to Read, Enjoyment and Bonding, Learning from Books, and Soothe the Child. Maternal education, number of ABC books owned and ABC book reading frequency were related to parents’ goals. When viewing ABC pages, parents rated pages with little text, simple illustrations and letter sound-word consistency as more appropriate for fulfilling purposes related to learning to decode than pages with a lot of text, complex illustrations, and letter sound-word violations. Findings highlight that parents’ perceptions of which alphabet book page features are more appropriate for decoding purposes are congruent with previous research and experts’ advice. / SSHRC

Moreland Developments (Pty) Limited is KwaZulu-Natal's leading land developer, consistently delivering on its vision of providing sustainable, quality developments across the spectrum of its operating portfolios. However, the changing external environment has recently presented new challenges to the company, raising the question of the appropriateness of the differentiated focus land-only development strategy. The assessment of whether Moreland's business strategy addresses the environments in which it operates is based on a theoretical model. An assessment of the internal operations of Moreland together with an examination of the external environment in which the company competes has uncovered a misalignment between these environments and the strategic direction pursued. The model is used to provide a more appropriate response to the management dilemma of eroding profit margins brought on by, in the main, an increase in infrastructure costs. The outcome of testing strategic options against current internal and external conditions has presented a compelling argument for the shifting of the strategic thrust of Moreland: from pursuing a focused land-only development strategy to one of concentric diversification. By Moreland extending its operations to related businesses and downstream activities, the company is better positioned to extract a greater return where value-added is greatest. Since Moreland does not possess all the core competences and resources in order to undertake the value-added downstream activities, partnering such an initiative with a company that does have such resources will bridge the gap between pure land-only development and property development. The net effect of the concentric diversification strategy will be to spread the risk that Moreland is exposed to and to generate returns that are commensurate with the level of value-added activities. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, 2003.

In this thesis, I proposed that individuals high in relative autonomy toward exercise would make fewer excuses for personal goal failures and that endorsement of certain types of excuses would foster commitment/internalization toward exercise, limiting future excuse-making. Excuses were expected to vary in effectiveness at removing culpability and enhancing commitment. In 3 studies, relative autonomy was measured or primed. Participants considered past personal goal failures, and sometimes provided excuses, and in one study, participants received expert excuse tolerant/intolerant feedback. Contrary to predictions, excuse-making was similar across all levels of relative autonomy. The results showed, however, that (a) some excuses effectively remove culpability for failure and maintain commitment to exercise goals; (b) such excuses are used more frequently than their less effective counterparts and that this selective may be stronger for those high in relative autonomy toward exercise; and (c) an excuse-tolerant social environment can foster commitment/internalization of exercise goals.