Thesis (MA(Philosophy)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Bibliography: leaves 120-126.

Diss.-- Franeker (Georg Muncker, respondent)

Thesis (M.A.)--Liberty University, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2002. / Title from PDF t.p.

Thesis (M.A.)--Lancaster Bible College, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-59).

Η Ιδέα του Αγαθού, όπως υποστηρίζει ο G. Santas προηγείται από κάθε τι άλλο στη μέση περίοδο του Πλάτωνα τόσο από ηθικής, όσο και από γνωσιολογικής και οντολογικής πλευράς, και η εκτίμηση αυτή προκύπτει από συζητήσεις που έγιναν το τελευταίο τέταρτο του αιώνα αναφορικά με τη μεταφυσική του Πλάτωνα. Σύμφωνα με τον G. Santas, η θεωρία της Ιδέας του Αγαθού στην Πολιτεία αντιπροσωπεύει το εγχείρημα του Πλάτωνα να βασίσει την ηθική και πολιτική του στη θεωρία των Ιδεών. Γιατί ο Πλάτων προσδίδει τόση υπεροχή στην Ιδέα του Αγαθού; Ποια αντίληψη περί αγαθότητας είχε στο μυαλό του, η οποία του επέτρεπε να θεωρήσει την Ιδέα του Αγαθού όχι μόνο ως την τελική αιτία των πράξεών μας αλλά επίσης και ως την αιτία της ικανότητάς μας να γνωρίζουμε και ακόμη ως την αιτία της ουσίας και της ύπαρξης των Ιδεών; Και ποια ήταν σύνδεση που έβλεπε ανάμεσα στην Ιδέα του Αγαθού και στα μαθηματικά; είναι τα τρία ερωτήματα που θέτει ο G. Santas. Στόχος αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι να διερευνηθεί και να αναλυθεί ερμηνευτικά η οντολογική – γνωσιολογική και η ηθική – αξιολογική προτεραιότητα της Ιδέας του Αγαθού έναντι των άλλων Ιδεών στα κεντρικά βιβλία της Πολιτείας του Πλάτωνα. Ειδικότερα στο 1o κεφάλαιο τονίζεται πως η γνώση της Ιδέας του Αγαθού βρίσκεται στην κορυφή της πυραμίδας των Ιδεών και με την επενέργειά της κάνει χρήσιμη και τη δικαιοσύνη και όλα τα άλλα όντα, ενώ χωρίς την γνώση της δεν έχει κανένα όφελος η γνώση πολλών πραγμάτων. Στο 2ο κεφάλαιο επισημαίνεται πως η Ιδέα του Αγαθού είναι η αιτία της γνώσης και της αλήθειας. Αυτά τα δύο συσχετίζονται με το Αγαθό , αλλά δεν ταυτίζονται με αυτό. Τονίζεται πως τα αντικείμενα της γνώσης γίνονται γνωστά από το Αγαθό, αντλούν το είναι τους και την ουσία τους από αυτό, όμως το Αγαθό δεν είναι ουσία, αλλά ανώτερο από αυτήν. Στο 3ο κεφάλαιο τονίζεται πως ο διαλεκτικός βρίσκεται σε καλύτερη γνωσιολογική θέση από τον μαθηματικό καθώς ο τελευταίος μιλά για τα ορατά σχήματα όμως αυτό που σκέπτεται και για το οποίο κάνει τις υποθέσεις του είναι τα πρότυπά τους. Χρησιμοποιεί τα αισθητά σχήματα και έτσι το μαθηματικό του ένστικτο και η σκέψη του υπόκειται σε λάθη. Ο διαλεκτικός αντίθετα βρίσκεται σε καλύτερη γνωσιολογική θέση καθώς μιλά για την φύση των Ιδεών άμεσα και όχι διαμέσου των εικόνων τους, ασχολείται αποκλειστικά με τις Ιδέες τόσο κατά την ανάβαση προς όσο και κατά την κατάβαση από την Ιδέα του Αγαθού. Έχει κατανοήσει τη φύση των Ιδεών και έτσι κοιτάζοντας από την Ιδέα του Αγαθού προς τα κάτω δεν θα μπερδέψει ποτέ τις Ιδέες με τα αισθητά. Στο 4 ο κεφάλαιο τονίζεται πως η εξάσκηση της διαλεκτικής συντελεί στο να κατανοούμε διανοητικά τις Ιδέες, κατανόηση η οποία οδηγεί στη γνώση του Αγαθού, που είναι ο σκοπός της φιλοσοφίας. Στο 5 ο κεφάλαιο αναπτύσσονται οι θέσεις της I. Murdoch περί της πολλαπλής φιλοσοφικής διάστασις της Ιδέας του Αγαθού όπως αυτές διατυπώνονται στο κριτικό της δοκίμιο με τίτλο "The Sovereignity of Good". / Objective of this diplomatic work is to analyze explanatory the ontologikal –gnwsiologikal and moral –evaluative priority of the Idea of the Good against the other Ideas in the central books of State of Plato.

The 'open question' argument, as it has come to be known, was popularized by G. E. Moore. However, it is universally recognized that his presentation of it is unconvincing, as it is based on dubious metaphysics, semantics and epistemology. Yet, philosophers have not confined the argument to the history books, and it continues to influence and shape modern meta-ethics. This thesis asks why this is the case, and whether such an influence is justified. It focuses on three main positions, analytic naturalism, non-analytic naturalism and supernaturalism. It concludes that the 'open question' argument challenges all three.

This thesis examines young people's opportunities to participate in organised outdoor activities. It is set within a context of changing leisure interests, a growth in private sector leisure provision, and increasing emphasis on consumer choice. It argues that whilst, in principle, there is widespread support for young people's participation in outdoor activities, in practice, opportunities are becoming increasingly limited. The study aims to examine the nature of outdoor facilities, to determine their use by young people, to identify changes occurring within the outdoor sector, and to consider the changes in relation to young people's access to the outdoors. The empirical research focuses~ on outdoor activity centres, in acknowledgement that the residential experience offered by such centres can contribute to the social and personal development of young people. It also focuses on the National Parks of England and Wales. These areas possess a wealth of natural resources suitable for a wide range of outdoor activities and, collectively, contain the highest number of outdoor centres in the UK. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, including a questionnaire survey of outdoor centres, interviews with centre operators, and a review of National Park policies, has been used to build up a picture of centre operations, visitor profiles, and the nature of outdoor programmes. The study findings suggest that a number of factors influence young people's opportunities to participate in outdoor activities. These include centre ownership, safety and educational reforms, planning and environmental policies, and young people's leisure behaviour. Recent years have seen a significant growth in privately owned centres and an associated rise in skills-based activities and non-sporting special interest holidays. These programmes have been largely directed at the adult market. There are few indications that this pattern is about to change. Regulation of the outdoor industry, including safety licensing, has put increasing pressures on under-resourced centres and has led to readjustments in centre operations and in the profile of visitor groups. Young people's opportunities to take part in adventurous activities, as a result of safety licensing, have diminished. Educational reforms have further dictated the direction of outdoor courses. Since the late 1980s, there has been a marked increase in primary school visits to outdoor centres and in field studies, whilst secondary schools visits and involvement in physical pursuits have continued to decline. Centre diversification has led to an overall reduction in the number of places available for young people. Planning and environmental policies have shaped the pattern of centre development. The emphasis on environmental protection in the National Parks has led to constraints on outdoor provision although policies, across Parks, vary. Changes in young people's lifestyles have also begun to impact upon the content of outdoor courses, such as the demand for more varied programmes and less traditional activities. Sporting and recreational organisations can, by addressing factors of motivation, play. a significant role in increasing levels of participation. Given the dynamics of the outdoor industry, the relative importance of these factors is difficult to determine, although the provisions of the Education Reform Act 1988 have induced some of the most radical and widespread changes within the outdoor sector in recent years. In trying to encourage and assist young people to take up outdoor opportunities, the outdoor community faces a number of difficulties. These include a lack of cohesion and poor image, increasing commercialisation, and the effects of changing leisure interests. The thesis recommends greater collaboration within the community, possibly through a new organisation, to represent a wider range of interests and to act as a more effective lobbying mechanism. It also recommends a strengthening of the links between the outdoor sector and the key players involved in facilitating outdoor opportunities. Finally, it advises organisations to take heed of newly emerging Government statements on out-of-school learning. These may offer viable alternatives to help safeguard young people's opportunities to participate in outdoor activities.

The Central and Southern Domains of the Koras Group, situated on the Doornberg Lineament, are the structurally preserved remnants of a once more widespread late-syntectonic cover sequence. Detailed examination of the field relationships, lithology and petrography together with new geochemical data (30 analyses) has resulted in the proposal of a new geological succession consisting mainly of two cycles of bimodal basaltic-rhyolitic volcanics with interbedded, immature conglomerates and lithic greywackes. These two cycles, named the Boomrivier and Leeudraai Formations, are overlain by the immature, polymictic orthoconglomerates and red arkosic sandstones of the Kalkpunt Formation. The first volcanic cycle commenced with the Lambrechtsdrif basaltic andesites and was followed, after a short hiatus, by the Swartkopsleegte rhyodacites. The second cycle comprises the Rouxville basalts and basaltic andesites and the Swartkop and Kenilworth rhyolites. Field evidence suggests that eruption of the rhyolitic and basaltic volcanics in the second cycle was contemporaneous. Geochemically, the volcanics can be classified as an "average-K" to high-K, tholeiitic, subalkaline association which exhibits general similarities to other Southern African bimodal associations e.g., the tholeiitic lavas of the Wilgenhoutsdrif Group. The Koras Group is petrologically similar to the Sinclair Sequence which is presently considered to be its coeval equivalent, but the dominantly calc-alkaline character of the Sinclair rocks distinguishes them from the dominantly tholeiitic Koras lavas. In a short literature review, the four main hypotheses for the petrogenesis of bimodal associations: liquid immiscibility, crystal fractionation, two-stage partial melting and separate magma sources, are described and the most feasible explanation for the origin of the Koras lavas is thought to be a "separate magma source" hypothesis in which two cycles of mantle-derived basalts and crustal-derived rhyolites were produced in a zone of high heat flow and erupted in an area of crustal weakness. The middle- or late-Proterozoic Koras Group was formed during unstable tectonic conditions, in a depositional setting that was probably controlled by late folding of the underlying pre-Koras sequences as well as the major strike-slip movement and subordinate dip-slip faulting in the Doornberg Lineament.