政府資訊公開不僅是民主政治的最佳武器，更可以提升國家的競 爭力，於是我國乃於94 年12 月制定通過政府資訊公開法，以促進行 政透明化與滿足人民知的權利。近來受到數位化浪潮的影響，各國政 府互相推行所謂電子化政府，期望藉由電子化作業方式以提高政府的 行政效率。故本文就是試圖瞭解政府機關如何透過電子化方式以落實 執行政府資訊公開政策。 首先本文就根據政府資訊公開法規範內容，分為主動與被動資訊 公開二個公開面向來做分析研究，本研究藉由面訪問卷調查與深度訪 談來探究政府資訊公開電子化執行現況，希冀有助於瞭解政府機關對 於政府資訊公開法制的落實施行情形，以做為政府資訊政策之參考。 研究發現，在資訊主動公開部分，就資訊公開類型而言，以行政 指導有關文書公開情形最佳，請願之處理結果及訴願之決定、書面之 公共工程及採購契約公開情形最差；就公開電子化程度與多元公開管 道上而言，經檢視27 個機關均有明顯偏低情況，累計分數都在電子化 程度最低門檻 60 分以下（總分304 分），以及多元公開道最低指標121 分以下（總分608 分），顯見所有機關均有待再加強。 在資訊被動公開部分，在申請公開件數與申請方式上，政府資訊 公開法通過前後並無太大差異，機關平均申請件數大多在0~30 件之間 且以「書面申請」免付費方式提供；在作業標準與准駁理由上，幾乎 都沒有訂定審查機制，完全由業務單位主管來決定，更無提供明確申 訴管道。 是以，要致力於建構一個開放政府、改善課責與透明的政府行政， 除了政府資訊公開法制的訂定，仍需要有相關政策、制度面之配合與 獨立的個體加以監督與管控，才能落實並保障人民政府資訊取得權。 關鍵字：電子化政府、政府資訊公開、主動公開、被動公開 / The transparency of government information is not only a best weapon for democratic politics but also promotes the competitively of a country. The government passed Freedom of Government Information Law in December, 2005 so as to promote the transparency of government operation and fulfill the rights that people should know it. Under the influence of digitization, every country has impelled to promote the concept of e-government. The administrative efficiency can be uplifted by information technology. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to know how the government executes the policy of opening government information. The study analyzes the active and passive information opening according to the contents of the Law on Government Information Freedom. Interviews and surveys were utilized to undertake the execution of opening the government information. This study will help people understand how information has been executed and will serve as a reference for government strategies for information transparency. As to the type of information for actively opening, the administrative documents have mostly been actively opened. The results of petitions and the decisions of administrative appeals, documents related to public works and procurements are the worst for opened information. As to the level of e-opening and approaches by which they open information, 27 bureaus do not reach the lowest the threshold, which scored less than 60 with the total score 304 and less than 121 with the total score 608. The findings suggest that the bureaus still have to practice the idea of actively opening information. As to the passively-opened information, the request documents and the way to apply did not change much before and after the Law on Government Information freedom, with 0-30 pieces of request in average. They used to be written form and this request was free of charge. In this study, we found that most bureaus do not standardize relative of all application, making the directors the only judgment for acceptance or rebuttal. iii Therefore, to set up an open government and to improve the accountability, transparency of administration, policies and systems need to be coordinated. It also entails independent individuals to supervise and control, besides the practice of the Law on Government Information Freedom. In this way, people’s rights to the government information will be taken care of. Keywords: electronic government, e-government, digital government, transparency, government information

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

M. Tech. Business Information Systems / The government's intention is to extend the provision of government services to citizens beyond the traditional boundaries of time and space. Additionally to the face-to-face provision of government services, this could also be achieved through utilization of the Internet and the evolving information and communication technologies. This concept is what has brought about what is called the electronic government or e-government as some would refer to it. E-government is meant to facilitate service provision to citizens and businesses that the government has a mission to serve - including those handicapped due to physical, social, economic, geographical or cultural factors - independent of time and space. Equity and fairness, which drive governments social inclusion, dictate that disadvantaged groups should not experience inferior access to public services compared to other groups. Therefore, no matter what channel is decided upon by government to use to provide these services, it remains government's responsibility to cater for all its citizens and residents. How e-government is accepted and utilized by South African residents, especially in rural areas, is not adequately and properly understood. This study utilized and applied Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology to explore the acceptance and use of e-government in rural South Africa.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Electronic government holds the promises of enabling government to become more efficient in the delivery of services to the public. E-government would ultimately mean that government departments would not work in isolation from each other. The electronic environment would mean that databases would be linked and that information would be shared across all levels of government. There are a number of issues that are presently, and will increasingly in the future impact on the success of e-government. The paradox for e-government is that while this sharing of information, paints a picture of an ideal state of affairs, that would benefit both citizen and state, there could be enormous effects on privacy. These are the ability for government to compile comprehensive profiles on citizens without their knowledge or consent. Another impact on privacy is that wrong information can be linked to the wrong person thereby impacting on the identity of an individual. Data protection and record management policies and legislation are necessary to protect personal data and information. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elektroniese regeringsdienste hou enorme voordele in om 'n meer effektiewe diens aan 'n land se inwoners te lewer. 'n E-regering stel staatsdepartemente in staat om nie meer in isolasie te werk nie, dat databasisse gekoppel en inligting op alle regeringsvlakke gedeel kan word. Daar is egter elemente in 'n e-regeringstruktuur wat 'n beduidende impak op die toekomstige sukses daarvan kan uitoefen. Die paradoks van 'n e-regering is dat hoewel dit 'n ideale prentjie skilder, dit 'n enorme impak op die privaatheid van beide die inwoners en die regering van 'n land kan uitoefen. Dit voorsien 'n geleentheid waar die regering 'n uitgebreide persoonsprofiel kan saamstel, sonder die medewete of toestemming van die persoon. 'n Verdere aspek is dat die inligting aan die verkeerde persoon gekoppel kan word, wat 'n negatiewe impak op die identiteit van so 'n persoon kan hê. Dit op sigself maak data- en dokumentbeheer, beleide and wetgewing 'n noodsaaklikheid voorvereiste vir die beskerming van persoonlike data en inligting.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Information Technology in the Faculty of Informatics and design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / This study focuses on information flows in the social grant process from a user experience perspective. The study was conducted with the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA), which is responsible for the administration and distribution of social grants to underprivileged citizens. Social grants help poor citizens to attain equitable income on a monthly basis. Grants play an increasingly important role in reducing poverty and inequality in South Africa, but are also subject to challenges like dependency, mismanagement and corruption. Information flow within SASSA is essential for the coordination of the grant process. The success of administering any social grant process depends largely on efficient communication practices and stable information technology. Communication among grant users requires the transfer of relevant information from its point of inception to the next point(s) of use. Government departments are transposing their paper-based systems into digital systems, which pose new implications for grant administration, however. Accordingly, the use of electronic services in government should mean faster information flow and, thus, more effective service delivery. The literature reveals, however, that non-technical aspects like user experience (UX) are essential in designing meaningful e-government systems. With a focus on user experience, this study uncovers the problems that SASSA and grant users face in the grant process and works toward possible solutions to resolve these problems. This research lays an important foundation in terms of gaining a better understanding of information flows, e-government, and user experiences in the grant process. This research is exploratory in nature and adopts a qualitative interpretivist approach. To gain a deeper understanding of the perspectives and experiences of grant users, the researcher employed the „Institutionalise User Experience in Government‟ (IUXG) methodology. The study targeted individuals that had knowledge of the social grants. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the research participants. Furthermore, the researcher adopted a thematic analysis method to code and analyse data. The findings of this study revealed the centrality of user experience in the grant process, notably in terms of the many challenges associated with information flow. The findings also revealed that factors such as social grant awareness, availability and use of information technology, digital divide, and grant accessibility bring enormous impact on grant processes and service delivery. The study contributes a landscape model for depicting the information flows in processing grants, and develops a broader understanding of how technology can help users to better disburse, access, and utilise grants. The study also informs e- government practitioners about the design and implementation of user-centred design with emphasis on information flows. Key Words: Information flows, social grants, e-government, and user experience.

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-08-25T18:07:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Danuzia de Paula-2011.pdf: 2108872 bytes, checksum: 9e7b2ef3b2a726cd22cacfb1cbe739b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jane Alice (janealice@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-08-25T19:02:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Danuzia de Paula-2011.pdf: 2108872 bytes, checksum: 9e7b2ef3b2a726cd22cacfb1cbe739b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-25T19:02:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Danuzia de Paula-2011.pdf: 2108872 bytes, checksum: 9e7b2ef3b2a726cd22cacfb1cbe739b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Universidade Federal Fluminense / O presente trabalho se propõe a elaborar um modelo de análise da Gestão da Informação na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, que é uma instituição governamental, produtora de um grande volume de informação em circulação. O instrumento, elaborado com base em três modelos voltados a órgãos governamentais, foi testado e possibilitou identificar o nível de amadurecimento da Gestão da Informação. Para a realização deste trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa com os gestores e os especialistas da Instituição. O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade técnico-administrativa e em quatro unidades técnico-científicas. De acordo com o estudo realizado a Gestão da Informação encontra-se no nível forte. Porém, identificou-se que algumas atividades estão implementadas, mas não estão muito desenvolvidas ou se encontram ainda pouco disseminadas na instituição. Propõe-se para a Fiocruz a ampliação do instrumento apresentado e sua aplicação em todas as unidades da instituição. / This paper aims to develop an analytical model of Information Management at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation – Fiocruz, which is a government institution, producer of a large volume of information in circulation. The instrument was developed based on three models targeted at government agencies, has been tested and enabled us to identify the level of maturity of Information Management. For the preparation of this work was carried out a survey with the managers and specialists of the institution. The study was performed in a technical-administrative unit and in four technical-scientific units. According to the performed study the Information Management is at the strong level. However, it was found that some activities are implemented, but not are very developed or are poorly disseminated within the institution. It is proposed for Fiocruz expanding the instrument presented and its application in all the units of the institution.

In recent years, an increasing number of people move into cities to search for better opportunities for themselves and their families. This movement is known as urbanisation and makes it difficult for the local government to fully understand citizens’ needs particularly pertaining to public safety matters. During the first phase of the Public Safety Smart City project, it was identified that there is a need for feedback loop to facilitate effective communication of public safety issues between citizens and local government. This means that EL citizens do not have a better channel in place to address their public safety issues to the local government. This could lead to the decisions made by the local government in public safety not fully communicated back to the citizens. The primary objective of the study is to develop a feedback loop model that will assist in more effective reporting of public safety issues between citizens and the local government. The study followed an interpretivism paradigm and the research methodology employed is the qualitative approach. This was influenced by the existing De Fleur model of communication, secondary data and also semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with eleven citizens and four managers from the Department of Public Safety. It was ascertained that the lack of a feedback loop about public safety issues between citizens and local government is likely to increase public safety issues. Findings revealed that this is because citizens are not continuously updated about their reports and also about the state of public safety matters. Furthermore, the methods of communication utilised lead to poor communication of public safety issues. The study concludes that the introduction of an Information and Communication Technology enabled feedback loop between citizens and local government can help in reducing public safety issues and make public safety officials proactive rather than reactive.

The purpose of the project is to compare the managerial and administrative benefits of the Construction Project Management Information System (CPMIS) implemented at the San Bernardino County Medical Center Replacement Project (SBCMCRP) with the E-Government environment.

The purpose of this project was to develop an E-government plan to achieve the Ministry of Interior of Thailand's objective to better serve its citizens in the next 5 years by utilizing and taking advantage of the use of information technology and communication networks.