This research document addresses the study of the competencies and skills required by executive municipal managers in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality. Dissertation focuses on questions such as “What is it that executive municipal managers, manage?” What generic management processes do these executive municipal managers, apply?” “What management technique and strategies do these managers employ to deliver services?”; “Under what circumstances do executive municipal managers manage?” In order for executive municipal managers to claim proficiency (competitiveness and skills), a clear discussion of the meaning and competency and skills is provided in this. Identifying and providing a meaningful narration of the characteristics of a competent and skilful executive municipal manager as being a person who has self-respect, high level of emotional intelligence, qualitative in nature, with reasonable adaptive ability by continuously learning and developing with high ethical and professional integrity. In all his/her attempts these executive municipal managers need to be innovative in nature, undertake constant networking and always be informative by character. Such a person is productive problem solver and continuously communicates vertically and horizontally within the hierarchy of the organization. All these discussions are denoted in the diagram indicate below. This research document has undertaken an empirical research to analyze the perception of executive municipal managers in terms of the diagram below and ultimately provide a narrative analysis of the developmental government such as the O.R. Tambo District Municipality.

The primary purpose of this study was to ascertain how senior government officials employed within the Department of Social Development in South Africa perceived the social development approach to social welfare. The study was confined to the national Department of Social Development and nine senior government officials were interviewed, all of them employed in different work streams but related to social development policy development. A semi-structured interview schedule comprising of open-ended questions was utilised to collect information. A deductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The main findings that emerged from the study were that senior managers employed within the national Department of Social Development had a good understanding of the social development approach to social welfare. They were familiar with the key characteristics, goals, strategies and linkages between social and economic development. Senior government officials also noted progress with the implementation of the social development approach and identified that social policies were largely aligned to this approach. In terms of challenges, senior government officials identified a range of challenges impacting on the implementation of the social development approach and this ranged from the lack of a common understanding of social development within broader government, inappropriate social service workforce, poor coordination and integration, inadequate leadership and an inadequate monitoring and evaluation system to measure social development progress. Senior government officials identified a range of suggestions to improve on the implementation of the social development approach. One of the suggestions was the development of an overarching social development strategic framework to guide the social development approach and acknowledge it as government’s chosen approach to social welfare. Many suggestions related to enhancing the capabilities of social service professionals and this included the development of a social service policy framework, enhanced engagement between higher education institutions and the Department of Social Development to ensure relevant curriculum. The findings of the study recommends a series of interventions to be implemented by the national Department of Social Development such as the development of an overarching social development strategic framework as suggested by senior government officials, an audit of policies to assess alignment with the social development approach and a review of its’ consultation processes. The findings of the study identify a need to replicate this research at provincial level to ascertain how the social development approach is understood and implemented at the point of service delivery.

Esta investigación tiene como finalidad determinar la correlación del estilo de liderazgo de los Directores en el clima laboral y desempeño de los funcionarios públicos del Ministerio del Interior. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa con una muestra de 263 colaboradores distribuidos en las modalidades CAS y D.L. 276 que laboran en el Ministerio del Interior. El estudio estadístico ha sido utilizado para mostrar la correlación entre el liderazgo y las variables de clima y desempeño de los funcionarios públicos. Según las respuestas brindadas de los funcionarios públicos, el liderazgo predominante fue el transformacional seguido del transaccional con una media general de 3,948 y 3,873 respectivamente. Los resultados rechazan la hipótesis, es decir, si existe correlación entre el estilo de liderazgo, el clima laboral y el desempeño de los funcionarios públicos. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones para la práctica, y se sugiere mayor investigación para determinar la causalidad de la correlación entre el liderazgo, los objetivos del Plan Operativo Institucional del Ministerio del Interior, el clima laboral y el desempeño de los funcionarios públicos. / This research aimed to determine the correlation of the leadership style of Directors in the work environment and the performance of government officials from the Ministry of Interior. A qualitative and quantitative research was carried out with a sample of 263 employees that work in the Ministry of Interior divided over the CAS and D.L 276 modes. The statistical study has been used to show the correlation of the leadership with regards to the climate and performance variables of the government officials. According to the answers given by government officials, the prevailing leadership was the transformational one followed by the transactional one with an overall average of 3,948 and 3,873 respectively. The results reject the hypothesis, it means that there is a correlation between the leadership style, the work environment and the performance of public officials. And last but not least, the implications for the practice are discussed, and further research is suggested to determine the causality of the relationship among leadership, objectives of the Institutional Operational Plan of the Ministry of Interior, work climate and performance of government officials. / Tesis

In this research, we found out that the cruel government officials not only have the stereotype of ¡§cruelity¡¨ but also have the image of ability. ¡§cruel¡¨ and ¡§ability¡¨ can be said to attributed to the every cruel government officials. Besides ¡§cruel¡¨ and ¡§ability¡¨, cruel government officials may probably have some characteristics that are rare. For example, honest, selfish, and end up in miserable conditions. In addition to these characteristics, the writer also writes from 1. the relationship between cruel government officials and the empire 2. cruel politics 3. the contrast between cruel politics and cruel government officials 4. the fate of the cruel government officials 5. Records of Historian and The Book of Han (Han-shu) write the different image of cruel government officials. The writers found that Records of Historian talked about the imaegs of the cruel government officials are much uglier than The Book of Han (Han-shu) and post The Book of Han (Han-shu). The reason of this is not the authors of thesse books rewrite the history,but the materials the authors choose are various and different. The difference between the cruel government officials imply that the history itself is objective- cruel government officials and their associated things change through the time. We can also found out the different associations from the author¡¦s motivations, grew up backgrounds. However, no matter how different of the cruel government officials image there are, the Records of Historian ,The Book of Han (Han-shu) and post Book of Han (Han-shu) writes form the same point of view. Perhaps it is because the different taste of the authors that cause the different images of the e cruel government officials. But from their abundant writing skills , we can know that theses authors are indulged in the portray of the cruel government officials. Also, since the cruel government officials means the certain types of government officials, their political states can not be neglected. Three history of cruel officials often given by the court fight against tyrannical¡A dignitaries, monitoring Baiguan, princes, dignitaries, and the fight against bandits task, These tasks usually require law enforcement thorough, competent officials for any object not be wide margin, has excellent political to have, Three history of cruel officials consistent both " cruel " and " ability¡¨, natural the court easily be assigned to these tasks. As the author of three history, are certainly cruel officials not small or even a significant contribution to the country, even certainly some cruel officials personality, but equally that the benevolent government of the people-oriented, long-term reliance on cruel officials of the lack of political.

Abstract A government free from corruption is the foundation of a country¡¦s competitiveness, and therefore the degree of incorruption is a major criterion to use when the effectiveness and efficiency of a country¡¦s governmental administration are to be judged. In fact, corruption prevention has long been a universal issue. For decades, our country has invested much in corruption prevention with certain advancements achieved, and yet the achievements still fall far behind people¡¦s expectations. The codes of ethics for government officials have been moving from hollow moral appeals towards concrete, detailed behavioral norms, and some have even become laws. However, we are still quite a distance from corruption prevention law completion and full-scale practice. Since the promulgation of the codes of ethics for government officials by the Administrative Yuan in 1994, there have been codes for government officials to follow when it comes to lobbying, banqueting, and bribery, but disappointingly, corruption has not been suppressed by much. So far, quite a number of studies can be referred to that are focused on common individual¡¦s ethical behavioral decision-making, and a variety of factors have been identified that affect the decisions. However, hardly any integrity-related behavioral decision-making models have been established especially for government officials. In this thesis, on the basis of L. K. Trevino¡¦s Person-Situation Interactionist Model, the author aims to explore the correlations among different factors that affect government official ethical behaviors so as to thereby offer more practical corruption prevention suggestions. This thesis analyzes personal factors, environmental factors, and the developmental stages of ethical awareness. In addition, indicators to these factors have been extracted from the literature concerned and put together into a questionnaire, which was filled out by Penghu County government officials. As a result, 424 valid questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed, revealing the following facts: 1. Government official attributes: including individual attributes and group attributes. Sex, age, seniority, education, and rank of position are the five individual-

Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Also available in print.

Firms use former government officials (FGOs) on the board of directors to create external linkage with the government. I examine investors’ perception of FGOs on the board of directors and how institutional environments affect it. Using a large sample of 23,444 hand-collected observations from 31 non-U.S. countries, I show that political directors (PDs) are associated with improved investors’ perception. Drawing from political science literature, I theorize and show that former senior bureaucrats (SBDs), but not former ministers (MDs) or government advisors (ADs), drive the improved investors’ perception. Furthermore, I show that stronger institutional environments, measured by economic freedom, lead to less improved investors’ perception of PDs. Here too SBDs drives my results associated with and economic freedom, but not MDs or ADs, lending support to my initial findings.

本研究目的在探討首長警衛人員之工作滿足，並以人格特質、工作特性為自變項探討其整體關係模式。本研究採問卷調查法，針對首長警衛全體人員192人發放問卷，共回收175份，有效問卷計151份，有效問卷回收率為78.6％ 。研究問卷內容包含首長警衛個人基本資料、人格特質量表、工作特性量表及工作滿足量表。問卷調查所得資料運用電腦統計套裝軟體SPSS for Windows 10.0版以描述性統計、因素分析、信度分析、單因子變異素分析、Person積差相關係數、中位數及sheffe多重比較檢定等方法進行分析研究。 本研究主要發現如下： 一、不同性別、年齡、學歷、婚姻狀況、職務序列、首長警衛年資、職務之首長警衛人員，工作滿足有顯著性差異；不同工作類別則無。 二、就人格特質而言，傾向內控人格特質之首長警衛，工作滿足較高；反之，則工作滿足較低。 三、就工作特性而言，工作特性越強，則工作滿足越高；反之則越低。 四、就首長警衛整體滿足而言，滿意度3.09，僅略高於中間值，顯示滿意度尚待提昇。 本研究並依據文獻探討及實證研究結果提出建議，供首長警衛專責單位及未來相關研究之參考。 關鍵詞：首長警衛、工作特性、人格特質、工作滿足 / The purpose of this research is to discuss the working satisfaction of security to high-ranking government officials, and discuss the entire relation model by using personality feature and working feature as independent variable. Total 192 questionnaires were issued to all security to high-ranking government officials, and there were 151 valid questionnaires out of 175 returned questionnaires and the valid questionnaire return rates were 78.6%. The contents of the questionnaire included their personal information, personality inventory, working feature inventory and working satisfaction inventory. The SPSS for Windows 10.0 was applied to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire by descriptive statistic, factor analysis, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA, Person’s coefficient of production-moment correlation, median and Sheffe's multiple comparison tests. It is discovered that: 1. Different gender, age, education background, marriage status, career sequence, seniority of security, and career Of security to high-ranking government official has significant difference in working satisfaction; different working category does not have difference. 2. In terms of personality feature, security tends to with personality feature of internal control has higher working satisfaction, and vice versa. 3. In terms of working feature, working satisfaction increases with the working feature, and vice versa. 4. In terms of overall satisfaction of security to high-ranking government officials, the satisfaction is 3.09, which is only higher than medium value, and means the satisfaction needs to be improved. This research also addresses suggestion according to literature review and empirical research results as references for department of security to high-ranking government officials and future researches. Keywords: Security to High-ranking Government Officials, Working feature, Personality feature, Working satisfaction

Consultants have had an increased influence in the public sector which in return have created a need for consultants in different aspects of public organizations. This comparative case study has inquired the many-sided ramifications of increasing use of consultants in public organizations. The method of analyzing the different impacts of consultant use has been through an ethical lens based on Lundquist theory of “public ethos” together with Furustens consequences of consultant use to easier identify negative consultant impact on public organizations. The result of this study shows that increasing reliance of consultants can lead to a misrepresentation of the goals and scope of operation within public organizations.