The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not the South African public procurement regime, within the framework set out in section 217(1) of the Constitution 1996, complies with the internationally accepted objectives or principles of public procurement, as contained in the UNCITRAL Model Law on the Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services (1994) and the World Trade Organisation‟s Plurilateral Government Procurement Agreement, and how these objectives are balanced with the need for the government‟s socio-economic policies. The main features of the public procurement reforms after South Africa became a constitutional state are the provision of constitutional principles applicable to public procurement; the creation of a single national legislative framework in terms of the Public Finance Management Act 1 of 1999 and the Local Government: Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003, applicable to organs of state in the national, provincial and local spheres of government; and the creation of a supply chain management function that is fully integrated with the financial management processes in government, in which decisions on public procurement are decentralised to the procuring entities. The following broad principles applicable to public procurement, which are common to the Model Law and the GPA, were identified: (a) Economy; (b) Competitiveness; (c) Effectiveness; (d) Transparency; (e) The combating of abuse; (f) The avoidance of risk; (g) Accountability; (h) Fairness and equitability; and (i) Integrity. / Private Law / LL.D.

Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In order for the government to function, it needs goods and services. It may acquire these goods and services by using its own resources, or by contracting with outside bodies. The latter method is generally referred to as public or government procurement. Government procurement usually contributes a large deal to a country’s economy and is therefore of great importance. With South Africa’s political transformation in 1994, the construction industry was used as the model for public sector procurement reform. The industry regulates all infrastructure and constituted 3.8% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2011 with the private sector as its biggest client. The legal regulation of construction procurement in South Africa is therefore significant. Section 217 of the Constitution¹ sets the standard for government procurement in South Africa. Section 217(1) provides that organs of state in the national, provincial or local sphere of government or any other institutions identified in national legislation when contracting for goods or services must do so in accordance with a system which is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective. Organs of state are not prevented from implementing procurement policies which provide for categories of preference in the allocation of contracts and the protection or advancement of persons, or categories of persons, disadvantaged by unfair discrimination in terms of section 217(2). Section 217(3) in turn provides that national legislation must prescribe a framework in terms of which section 217(2) must be implemented. The rules for construction procurement in South Africa are found in the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Act² and the Regulations to the Act.³ The Construction Industry Development Board has been established by the Act and is empowered to regulate construction procurement in terms of the Act and to publish best practice guidelines for further regulation and development of construction procurement. This thesis aims to answer the question as to whether the legal regulation of construction procurement complies with section 217 of the Constitution. Chapter one sets out the research question to be answered, the hypothesis on which the thesis is based and the methodology employed. Chapter two establishes the constitutional standard for government procurement in South Africa and is the standard against which the rules discussed in subsequent chapters are tested. Following this, the procurement procedures in terms of which supplies, construction works and services are procured are described and analysed in chapter three. It appears that the Regulations to the CIDB Act exclude contracts for supplies and services in the construction industry. Therefore, the qualification criteria for construction works contracts are examined in chapter four. Thereafter, the evaluation and award of construction works, supplies and services contracts are explained and analysed in chapter five. Government procurement may further be used for objectives not directly connected to the main goal which is the procurement of goods and services at the best possible price. It may also be used for the promotion of socio-economic objectives, for example. Therefore, in the sixth chapter, the use of government procurement as a policy tool in the South African construction industry is discussed and analysed. The concluding chapter collectively refers to what was discussed in the preceding chapters including the conclusions and attempts to answer the research question as to whether the legal regulation of construction procurement in South Africa complies with section 217 of the Constitution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die staat het goedere en dienste nodig om te funksioneer. Dit kan hierdie goedere en dienste verkry deur die staat se eie bronne te gebruik, of dit kan instansies van buite kontrakteer. Daar word oor die algemeen na laasgenoemde metode verwys as staatsverkryging. Gewoonlik lewer staatsverkryging ‘n groot bydrae tot ’n land se ekonomie en dit is dus van groot belang. Met Suid-Afrika se politieke transformasie in 1994 is die konstruksiebedryf as die model voorgehou vir die hervorming van die staatsverkrygingstelsel. Die konstruksiebedryf reguleer alle infrastruktuur in die land en het in 2011 3.8% tot Suid- Afrika se Bruto Binnelandse Produk (BBP) bygedra, met die private sektor as die grootste kliënt in die bedryf. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat staatsverkryging in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf wetlik gereguleer word. Artikel 217 van die Grondwet4 stel die standaard vir staatsverkryging in Suid-Afrika. Artikel 217(1) bepaal dat staatsorgane in die nasionale, provinsiale of plaaslike regeringsvertakkings, of enige ander instelling in nasionale wetgewing vermeld, wat vir goedere of dienste kontrakteer, sodanige goedere of dienste moet verkry ooreenkomstig ’n stelsel wat regverdig, billik, deursigtig, mededingend en koste-effektief is. Staatsorgane word verder nie verhinder of belet om staatsbeleid te implementeer wat voorsiening maak vir die bevordering van sekere mense, of kategorieë mense, wat ingevolge artikel 217(2) deur onbillike diskriminasie benadeel is nie. Artikel 217(3) bepaal dat nasionale wetgewing ’n raamwerk moet voorskryf ingevolge waarvan artikel 217(2) geïmplementeer moet word. Die Wet op die Ontwikkelingsraad vir die Konstruksiebedryf (Construction Industry Development Board Act)5 en die Regulasies tot die Wet6 omskryf die regsreëls vir staatsverkryging in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf. Die Ontwikkelingsraad vir die Konstruksiebedryf het ingevolge hierdie Wet tot stand gekom en is gemagtig om staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf te reguleer. Dit mag ook goeie praktykriglyne publiseer vir verdere regulering en ontwikkeling van staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf. Hierdie tesis het ten doel om die vraag te beantwoord of die wetlike regulering van staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf aan artikel 217 van die Grondwet voldoen. Hoofstuk een gee ‘n uiteensetting van die navorsingsvraag wat beantwoord sal word, die hipotese waarop die tesis berus en die metodologie wat aangewend word. Hoofstuk twee omskryf die grontwetlike standaard vir staatsverkryging in Suid-Afrika en word as standaard gebruik waarteen die regsreëls vir staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf in die daaropvolgende hoofstukke getoets word. Vervolgens word die verkrygingsprosedures ingevolge waarvan voorraad, konstruksiewerk en dienste verkry word, in hoofstuk drie bespreek en ontleed. Dit blyk dat die Regulasies tot die Wet op die Ontwikkelingsraad vir die Konstruksiebedryf (CIDB Act) kontrakte vir die verkryging van voorraad en dienste uitsluit. Gevolglik word die tendervereistes vir konstruksiewerk in hoofstuk vier bespreek. Vervolgens word die evaluering en toekenning van konstruksiewerk, voorraad- en dienskontrakte uiteengesit en ontleed in hoofstuk vyf. Dit blyk verder dat staatsverkryging gebruik mag word vir doelwitte wat nie direk verband hou met die primêre doel, naamlik die verkryging van goedere en dienste teen die beste prys, nie. Dit mag byvoorbeeld ook gebruik word vir die bevordering van sosio-ekonomiese doelwitte. Gevolglik word staatsverkryging as ’n beleidsinstrument in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf in hoofstuk ses bespreek en ontleed. Die laaste hoofstuk gee ‘n opsomming van wat bespreek is in vorige hoofstukke, maak gevolgtrekkings en probeer die navorsingsvraag beantwoord of die regsreëls wat staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf reguleer, voldoen aan artikel 217 van die Grondwet.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Supply chain management (SCM) in the public sector in general, as well as the municipal sphere in particular, has received increasing prominence over past few years. Although the focus is mainly due to the impact of fraud and corruption in public sector procurement, this author is of the opinion that SCM can also create value and aid in the attainment of strategic objectives. The study revealed that supply chain management is described as a process in literature, whilst it is described as a system by government. Of significance to this, is that both literature and government view SCM as a means to add value. The study also revealed that in order for SCM to add value and to contribute to the attainment of strategic objectives, it is important that SCM forms part of the performance management (PM) system of an organisation. Performance measurement tools, such as the balanced scorecard, benchmarking, improvement and other measurement tools, were introduced as tried and trusted methods for measuring SCM performance. The study was embarked upon because the author was of the opinion that municipalities in South Africa only implement SCM because it is required by legislation. Thus, this theory was tested at Hessequa Municipality and it was found that the current emphasis was on compliance at Hessequa Municipality. This was done by means of studying documentary evidence and through interviews conducted with various internal and external stakeholders either directly or indirectly affected by the SCM processes of Hessequa Municipality. The study tested Hessequa Municipality’s readiness to progress towards performance management and measurement by using the financial capability model for SCM as utilised by the Western Cape Government to ascertain the level of SCM implementation at municipalities. It was found that Hessequa Municipality meets almost all the compliance and control requirements, with only two areas that require slight attention before full compliance is achieved. Through the interviews conducted, the study also tested Hessequa Municipality’s willingness to progress to the next level and found that there was indeed a willingness to progress towards managing and measuring SCM activities. In conclusion, the study recommended that Hessequa Municipality uses a phased-in approach when it sets processes in place to progress towards performance managing SCM. That when developing performance indicators for SCM, it be aligned to the performance management system and targets of the municipality. It also recommended that a combination of the tried and trusted methods be used to measure SCM performance. Finally, it recommended that the municipality eradicates the silo approach to doing business and adopts a more integrated approach by firstly integrating its internal processes before embarking upon integrating the actions of all the agents within the supply chain. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voorsieningskanaalbestuur (VKB) in die openbare sektor oor die algemeen sowel as in die munisipale omgewing in besonder, het gedurende die afgelope jare al hoe meer na die voorgrond getree. Alhoewel die fokus hoofsaaklik toegeskryf word aan die impak van bedrog en korrupsie op verkryging in die openbare sektor, is die skrywer van mening dat VKB ook waarde kan toevoeg en tot die die behaling van strategiese doelwitte kan bydra. Die studie het aan die lig gebring dat VKB in literatuur as ’n proses beskryf word, maar deur die regering as ’n stelsel beskryf word. Wat egter van belang is, is dat beide die literatuur en regering VKB as ’n middel beskou om waarde toe te voeg. Die studie het ook openbaar dat, ten einde vir VKB om waarde toe te voeg en tot die behaling van strategiese doelwitte by te dra, dit belangrik is dat VKB ’n deel vorm van die prestasiebestuurstelsel van ’n organisasie. Prestasiemetingsinstrumente soos die gebalanseerde telkaart, doelwitstelling, verbetering en ander metingsinstrumente is ingestel as bewese metodes om VKB-prestasie te meet. Die studie is onderneem omdat die skrywer van mening was dat munisipaliteite in Suid- Afrika slegs VKB implementeer omdat wetgewing dit vereis. Hierdie teorie is by Hessequa Munisipaliteit getoets en daar is gevind dat die huidige klem op voldoening aan wetsvereistes is. Die toets is gedoen deur dokumentêre bewyse te bestudeer, asook deur onderhoude te voer met verskeie interne en eksterne rolspelers wat óf direk óf indirek deur die VKB-prosesse van Hessequa Munisipaliteit geraak word. Die studie het Hessequa Munisipaliteit se gereedheid om na prestasiebestuur en -meting te vorder, getoets deur van die finansiële vermoë-model gebruik te maak wat deur die Wes-Kaapse Regering gebruik word. Hierdie model word gebruik om die vlak van VKB-implementering by munisipaliteite te bepaal. Daar is gevind dat Hessequa Munisipaliteit aan feitlik alle vereistes vir nakoming en beheer voldoen, buiten twee gebiede wat geringe aandag verg alvorens volle nakoming behaal word. Deur onderhoude te voer, het die studie ook Hessequa Munisipaliteit se bereidwilligheid getoets om na die volgende vlak te vorder. Daar is gevind dat daar inderdaad ’n begeerte was om na die bestuurs- en metingsaktiwiteite van VKB te beweeg. Laastens het die studie aanbeveel dat Hessequa Munisipaliteit ’n infaseringsbenadering gebruik wanneer prosesse in plek gestel word om na VKB-prestasiebestuur te vorder. Wanneer prestasie-aanwysers vir VKB ontwikkel word, moet dit met die prestasiebestuurstelsel en -doelwitte van die munisipaliteit belyn word. Dit word ook aanbeveel dat ’n kombinasie van die beproefde en getoetste metodes gebruik word om VKB-prestasie te meet. Die laaste aanbeveling is dat die munisipaliteit die silo-benadering van sake doen uitwis en ’n meer geïntegreerde benadering aanneem. Die interne prosesse moet eers geïntegreer word, waarna die handelinge van al die rolspelers in VKB geïntegreer word.

Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) play an important role in the economic growth and development of any economy. They contribute to the goals of growth, equity, job creation and poverty reduction in different ways. Given the importance of the SMME sector, governments throughout the world including the South African government, have focused their attention on the development of this sector to promote economic growth, income distribution and employment opportunities. Most SMMEs in South Africa fail due to a variety of reasons, including a lack of access to markets, which is one of the critical factors for the survival and growth of SMMEs. The government of South Africa has introduced the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act (Act 5 of 2000) to address the challenge of market access for SMMEs. The Act is aimed at utilising the purchasing power of government as an instrument of SMME development. SMMEs, especially those owned by historically disadvantaged individuals, are afforded an opportunity to access markets they would otherwise find difficult to penetrate. Given the importance of access to markets to SMMES, the study seeks to analyse the role of preferential procurement in Local Government with specific reference to Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (EMM), as an instrument of promoting the development of historically disadvantaged SMMEs in South Africa.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the perceptions of emerging black entrepreneurs on their ability to access government contract work with special reference to that outsourced by the Department of Economic Development and Tourism in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal. The study was based on the assumption that black emerging entrepreneurs are side lined by the procurement systems and processes of government, despite the fact when the new government took over after the democratic elections of 1994, it formulated legislation and policies and provided institutional framework to ensure that enterprises belonging to entrepreneurs of African descent in particular were brought into the economic mainstream activities of the country. The study utilized an exploratory description research design owing to publicity of literature on the effectiveness of government's procurement intervention strategies in addressing the needs of emerging black entrepreneurs. The study used two samples drawn from two research populations. In the first sample the population consisted of thirty-two tender submissions that emerging black entrepreneurs forwarded to the Department of Economic Development and Tourism in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, in response to contract work or tenders advertised and evaluated by the Tender Evaluation Committee and the Tender Award Committee of the Department during the financial year 2001/2. An instrument was developed to elicit data from the tender documents for the purpose of orders. In the second sample the research population consisted of sixteen emerging black entrepreneurs whose tender documents submitted in response to the tenders outsourced by the Department during the financial year 2001/2 were evaluated by the Department's Tender Evaluation Committee and tender Award Committee during the period in question. The questionnaire was used to elicit information on the perceptions of emerging black entrepreneurs with regard to their level of participation in the procurement process of the Department. The findings of the study are supportive of the guiding questions and assumptions advanced for the purpose of focusing the study. The finding was that black emerging entrepreneurs perceived themselves to be non-participants in the procurement activities of the Department. The study also found the existence of structural problem, which acted as barriers to active participation, of black emerging entrepreneurs, in the outsourcing activities of the Department of Economic Development and Tourism in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

CAPES / A presente pesquisa tem como tema central a análise das compras públicas realizadas na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) sob o prisma da Sociedade Sustentável, da Educação Tecnológica e da Ciência do Direito. O objetivo principal foi verificar se as compras da UTFPR podem ser consideradas Compras Públicas Sustentáveis, a partir das contribuições dos aspectos teóricos de direcionamento da pesquisa nomeados de Unidades de Análise. O método empregado foi o Estudo de Caso, que se baseia em pesquisa exploratória e descritiva do tipo mista (quantitativa e qualitativa). Da análise dos 507 arquivos de pregões eletrônicos realizados pela UTFPR no período escolhido, constatou-se que, dos 14.758 itens comprados, poucos traziam previsões específicas sobre a sustentabilidade. Em função destes resultados, foram propostas linhas de referência traçadas especificamente para o caso das Compras Públicas da UTFPR. A intenção foi colaborar para que esta Instituição Tecnológica de Ensino Superior possa demonstrar um comprometimento com as normas e princípios vigentes no Direito Ambiental e com a Sociedade Sustentável, o que lhe permitirá tornar-se uma referência para outras Instituições que realizem compras públicas. / This research focuses on the analysis of public procurements made by the Federal Technology University of Paraná (Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR) from the perspective of the Sustainable Society, the Technological Education and the Science of Law. The main objective was to verify by applying these guiding theoretical aspects – named herein as Analysis Units – whether UTFPR purchases can be considered as Sustainable Public Procurements. The methodology employed for it has been a case study based on a mixed type (quantitative and qualitative) exploratory and descriptive research. Based on the analysis of 507 records of electronic auctions conducted by UTFPR in the chosen period, it was found that, out of the 14,758 items purchased, very few of them contained specific references to sustainability. According to these results, reference guidelines were specifically drawn for the case of the UTFPR Public Procurements. The purpose has been to contribute to this higher education technological institution o that it can demonstrate a clear commitment with the current rules and principles of Environmental Law and the Sustainable Society, becoming a model for other institutions performing public procurement.

Despite reform processes in the employment of Supply Chain Management (SCM) as a strategic tool in the South African public sector, there are predicaments in SCM practices, especially in municipalities. This notwithstanding, research that demystifies the SCM implementation practices in local municipalities within the West Rand District, SA is lacking. This study explores supply chain management practices implemented at the West Rand District municipalities. An exploratory and descriptive study was conducted based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data was analysed descriptively using SPSS, inferentially using Fisher Exact test, as well as by content analysis using Atlas.ti. The findings of the study revealed that overall the West Rand District municipalities have adopted and implemented the SCM practices. However, SCM practices are sometimes not always aligned with government policies. The most implemented SCM practice was demand management, followed by acquisition management. The least implemented practices were logistics, disposal, risk and performance management. No significant differences were observed among the municipalities, except for municipality C (within its own supply chain practitioners). The municipalities face serious SCM challenges in implementing their SCM practices. These challenges stem from: a lack of training for SCM staff, lack of proper capacity, poor planning, and ineffective black economic empowerment in the West Rand District. Based on the results, there is a need of training for SCM staff, capacity building, better planning interventions, and more effective black economic empowerment. It should be reiterated that the lack of proper SCM processes and procedures are the root cause of problems in service delivery in South Africa. The study concludes by recommending that SCM practitioners should regularly update their SCM policies, ensure proper compliance with the elements of SCM, as well as to source competencies, skills, and knowledge from higher education institutions and private accredited service providers. / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not the South African public procurement regime, within the framework set out in section 217(1) of the Constitution 1996, complies with the internationally accepted objectives or principles of public procurement, as contained in the UNCITRAL Model Law on the Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services (1994) and the World Trade Organisation‟s Plurilateral Government Procurement Agreement, and how these objectives are balanced with the need for the government‟s socio-economic policies. The main features of the public procurement reforms after South Africa became a constitutional state are the provision of constitutional principles applicable to public procurement; the creation of a single national legislative framework in terms of the Public Finance Management Act 1 of 1999 and the Local Government: Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003, applicable to organs of state in the national, provincial and local spheres of government; and the creation of a supply chain management function that is fully integrated with the financial management processes in government, in which decisions on public procurement are decentralised to the procuring entities. The following broad principles applicable to public procurement, which are common to the Model Law and the GPA, were identified: (a) Economy; (b) Competitiveness; (c) Effectiveness; (d) Transparency; (e) The combating of abuse; (f) The avoidance of risk; (g) Accountability; (h) Fairness and equitability; and (i) Integrity. / Private Law / LL.D.

As instituições públicas, em geral, enfrentam dificuldades para realizar a avaliação de desempenho organizacional das compras públicas. Assim sendo, a presente pesquisa objetivou desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho construtivista para a Divisão de Compras da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Câmpus Pato Branco. Para alcançar o objetivo, primeiramente foi realizada a revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando o instrumento de intervenção ProKnow-C. Posteriormente, utilizou-se o instrumento de intervenção denominado Metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão Construtivista (MCDA-C), com o propósito de desenvolver o modelo de avaliação de desempenho para a Divisão de Compras da UTFPR-Câmpus Pato Branco. A revisão sistemática da literatura apontou diversas lacunas, tais como: (i) os modelos de avaliação de desempenho propostos não são singulares ao contexto decisório; (ii) os modelos desenvolvidos não permitem a construção do conhecimento no decisor do contexto decisório; (iii) a mensuração realizada não permite a integração dos critérios de avaliação; e, (iv) os modelos desenvolvidos não permitem gerar ações de aperfeiçoamento. Os principais resultados do modelo construído são: (i) 30 elementos primários de avaliação; (ii) 85 conceitos orientados a ação; (iii) identificadas duas grandes dimensões como áreas de preocupação do decisor, Gestão e Planejamento; (iv) desenvolvidos seis mapas cognitivos para melhor compreender os objetivos do contexto decisório; (v) construídos 53 indicadores de desempenho; e, (vi) geradas diversas ações para aperfeiçoamento do desempenho da Divisão de Compras. A partir do cotejamento da literatura com o modelo construído foi possível concluir que poucos indicadores encontrados na literatura tinham alguma semelhança com os indicadores do modelo desenvolvido, sendo que isso permite concluir sobre a necessidade dos modelos serem singulares. Conclui-se que o presente trabalho preencheu algumas lacunas identificadas na literatura, tais como: (i) propor um modelo de avaliação de desempenho singular ao decisor e ao contexto; (ii) propor um modelo em que preocupou-se em gerar conhecimento no decisor; (iii) propor um modelo em que a mensuração realizada permitiu a integração dos critérios; e, (iv) propor um modelo que permitiu gerar ações de aperfeiçoamento. / Public institutions, in general, face difficulties in carrying out the organizational performance assessment of public purchases. Therefore, the present research aimed to develop a constructivist performance evaluation model for the Purchasing Division of the Federal Technological University of Paraná - Pato Branco Campus. To achieve the purpose, it was first conducted a systematic review of the literature using ProKnow-C intervention instrument. Subsequently, the Methodology Multicriteria Decision Aid – Constructivist (MCDA-C) intervention instrument was used, with the purpose of developing the performance evaluation model for the Purchasing Division of UTFPR- Pato Branco Campus. The systematic review of the literature pointed to several gaps, such as: (i) the proposed performance evaluation models are not unique to the decision context; (ii) the models developed do not allow the construction of knowledge in the decision-maker of the decision-making context; (iii) the measurement performed does not allow the integration of the evaluation criteria; and, (iv) the models developed do not allow to generate improvement actions. The main results of the constructed model are: (i) 30 primary elements of evaluation; (ii) 85 action-oriented concepts; (iii) two major dimensions were identified as areas of concern for decision makers, Management and Planning; (iv) six cognitive maps have been developed to better understand decision-making objectives; (v) 53 performance indicators were constructed; and, (vi) several actions have been generated to improve the performance of the Purchasing Division. From the comparison of the literature with the constructed model, it was possible to conclude that few indicators found in the literature had some similarity with the indicators of the developed model, being that this allows to conclude on the necessity of the models to be singular. It was possible to conclude the present work filled some gaps identified in the literature, such as: (i) to propose a unique performance evaluation model to the decision maker and the context; (ii) to propose a model in which it was concerned to generate knowledge in the decision maker; (iii) to propose a model in which the measurement made possible the criteria integration; and, (iv) to propose a model that allowed to generate improvement actions.

Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The thesis evaluates the extent to which good governance has influenced the procurement process at the Lejweleputswa District Municipality. Under good governance, the manner in which goods are procured or disposed of, is supposed to be unproblematic and conducted with the highest integrity, taking into account both the costs involved in the process and the benefits of the delivery of the services. Good governance should act as a “decontaminator or antiseptic in a germ infested area” (Cloete 2006:6–19). To extend the analogy further, this process of disinfecting the wound definitely requires some form of expertise and knowledge, as well as the participation of different role players, such as doctors and nurses; in addition, certain utensils to clean and cover the wound would be needed. In the same way, the procurement process needs experts to handle and enforce correct procedure. The values of good governance alone are meaningless unless there are people who are willing and have the capacity to manage the required processes and procedures. In South Africa, a new procurement process was adopted in the public sector in 1994. To date it has been interpreted and implemented in favour of historically disadvantaged individuals, like black people, women and disabled people through a legislative framework, the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act, 2000 (RSA, Act 5 of 2000) and the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 2003 (RSA, Act 53 of 2003). It is crucial to point out, however, that the definitions given by these laws about black people differ or contradict each other. Challenges like this have turned the procurement process upside down. In an effort to attain uniformity in the procurement process in the local sphere of government, both National and Provincial Treasury Departments have instituted legislation and guidelines to steer the process. Despite all these efforts, municipalities are still associated with allegations of corruption and nepotism when awarding tenders to service providers. The Lejweleputswa District Municipality has not been spared from such accusations, as shown by the spate of riots that occurred in the Free State (Mail and Guardian 2007:6–12). This research has therefore been undertaken with the general objective of determining whether the values of good governance have managed to sustain a good procurement process in the municipality or whether the values are being ignored leading to procurement processes which do not fulfil the aims of the legislation and guidelines and remain open to allegations of corruption and maladministration. The specific objectives for the research were to investigate good governance in procurement in the municipality context and to make recommendations, if appropriate, on how to promote good governance in municipal procurement.