La littérature de l’entre-deux-guerres est un bouillonnement de genres très différents, et c’est dans cette effervescence que surgit la figure du démoniaque. Atteints d’un nouveau « mal du siècle », de nombreux écrivains – le plus souvent catholiques – mettent en scène le mal sous l’apparence de personnages démoniaques. Si nous nous sommes tournés vers François Mauriac, Georges Bernanos et Julien Green et avons mis l’accent sur quelques-unes de leurs œuvres précises, c’est parce qu’ils représentent particulièrement bien cette mouvance. Nous nous sommes interrogés sur la nature de ce démoniaque et sur la manière dont il s’inscrit et s’écrit dans leurs romans de cette époque. Influencés par la religion, mais aussi par certains auteurs, Bernanos, Mauriac et Green ont su donner aux motifs caractérisant le démoniaque une dimension nouvelle, particulièrement tragique. Nous avons essayé de définir les rapports complexes qui existent entre le tragique et le démoniaque afin de montrer comment les œuvres de Mauriac, Bernanos et Green participent de ce que Jean-Marie Domenach nomme « le retour du tragique ». Situer nos œuvres dans la lignée du tragique nous permet d’osciller entre excès et incomplétude, déconstruction et unité, crise et équilibre. Dès lors, le motif de l’ambiguïté, qui affecte à la fois la dimension narrative et thématique des récits, apparaît comme l’un des fils d’Ariane reliant les œuvres de Bernanos, Mauriac et Green. Le démoniaque devient source d’une esthétique à part entière : de cette tension entre interrogation et compréhension naissent le surnaturel et l’indicible, seules voies d’accès au démoniaque. / The interwar’s literature is known as a frantic and creative period concerning literary forms, and the demoniac’s figure arises from this effervesence. Suffering from a new « sickness of the century », many writers – most of them as catholics – raise the idea of evil under the guise of demoniac. We chose to turn towards François Mauriac, Georges Bernanos and Julian Green and emphasize some of their works in particular, because they embody this sphere of influence. We wondered about the demonic nature and about the way it was part of the novels they wrote in those days and how it could develop in these novels. Bernanos, Mauriac and Green were influenced by religion as well as by some authors and this gave a new dimension – a particularly tragic one – to the pattern of demonic. We tried to define the complex links between tragic and demonic in order to show how Mauriac, Bernanos and Green’s works are part of what Jean-Marie Domenach calls “the return of the tragic”. By setting these novels in the wake of tragic, we are given the opportunity to swing between excess and non-fulfilment, deconstruction and unity, crisis and balance. Therefore does this pattern of ambiguity – both affecting the narrative and thematic dimension of the novel – appear as one of Ariadne's threads, connecting Bernanos, Mauriac and Green's novels. Demonic thus became the root of a full esthetics : from this tension between questioning and understanding, arose the supernatural and the unspeakable, the only ways to lead us to demoniac.

The present master´s thesis examines logistics processes in the company MILK- AGRO, spol. s. r. o., which focuses on food industry. The aim of the thesis is to analyse current processes in the company and propose improvements in cutting costs. Attention is paid to current stocking process and distribution of goods. The thesis includes theoretical basis of Green Logistics, its legislative requirements and smooth implementation which means the creation of a new green product for the company. Furthemore, there is an implementation of Reverse Logistics in the thesis based on detailed distribution information. The theoretical part of new product analyses legislative, motivational and distribution point of view. Additionally, the master´s thesis clarifies benefits and drawbacks of Reverse Logistics within the company. Lastly, the author recommends improvements in warehousing and a new distribution route.

Urban populations worldwide are expanding rapidly and consequently a large number of people are becoming exposed to hazards inherent in cites. Phenomena such as the urban heat island can exacerbate the effects of heatwaves, and land surface sealing can lead to flash flooding. Cities are also the sites of enhanced air and water pollution from non-point sources such as concentrated motor vehicle use. Climate change predictions for the UK include increased winter precipitation and an increase in frequency of summer heatwaves. This will put further pressure on urban residents and infrastructure. Roof greening can be used within climate change adaptation schemes because green roofs have a range of environmental benefits which can help urban infrastructure become more sustainable. This thesis empirically quantifies several of these benefits, and the processes influencing them, by monitoring real green roofs in Manchester. A number of novel discoveries were made. Green roofs act as passive filters of airborne particulate matter. 0.21 tonnes of PM10 (2.3% of the inputs) could be removed from Manchester city centre in a maximum extensive green roof scenario. Species and site differences in particle capture were exhibited and related to morphology and proximity to sources respectively. An intensive green roof was able to lower the monthly median overlying air temperature at 300 mm by up to 1.06 oC. A combination of drought and mismanagement caused damage to the vegetation on one of the green roofs, with a subsequent reduction in the cooling effect. Daytime air temperatures were higher than over an adjacent bare roof for a larger proportion of the day than over the undamaged roof, and lower cooling was observed at night. A site-specific methodology was devised to monitor the rainwater runoff from an intensive green roof and an adjacent bare roof. Average runoff retention of 65.7% was observed on the green roof, compared to 33.6% on the bare roof. Season and rainfall amount had significant impacts on retention, however, many other explanatory variables such as Antecedent Dry Weather Period (ADWP) and peak rainfall intensity had no demonstrable, significant impact. Intensive roof construction on 10% of the rooftops in Manchester city centre would increase annual rainfall retention by 2.3%. The runoff was characterised with regards to heavy metals and nutrients. Nutrient levels were found to be not a significant problem for water quality, however, Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) values for protection of freshwater were exceeded for concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn. High metal concentrations within the sediments may be acting as sources of pollution, particularly in the case of Pb. The age of the green roof means that past atmospheric deposition of Pb could be contributing to the runoff quality. The multi-benefit aspect of green roofs is discussed in the light of the results of this thesis and recommendations made for policy makers and the green roof construction industry.

As práticas verdes vêm constantemente sendo discutidas devido a sua importância para as empresas e para a sociedade. Porém, ainda não se chegou a um consenso sobre todos os seus benefícios, quer sejam ambientais ou econômicos. Cada vez mais os estudos demonstram a capacidade de geração de valor das práticas verdes para as empresas e para a sociedade. Portanto, imagina-se que as mesmas irão influenciar a sua aplicação em segmentos que hoje não têm uma utilização mais efetiva de práticas ambientalmente corretas. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é medir o valor das práticas verdes na percepção dos executivos de organizações manufatureiras e de serviços. O método escolhido foi a pesquisa survey, realizada a partir de um instrumento previamente proposto, contendo 5 variáveis e 25 itens. A pesquisa survey foi realizada em duas etapas: estudo de pré-teste e estudo final. Diferentes técnicas estatísticas foram empregadas para refinar o instrumento, como Análise de Confiabilidade, Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Como resultado desse refinamento emergiu um modelo teórico de pesquisa final contendo 5 variáveis, sendo as dimensões de Estratégia, Custos, Crescimento, Marca e Riscos em 25 itens, onde foi verificado que a variável Marca não se confirmou, pois não teve validade estatística no modelo testado. Também como contribuição para as empresas e sociedade, o modelo teórico de pesquisa final se mostrou adequado para avaliar o valor das práticas verdes para organizações. A principal contribuição da pesquisa para a prática gerencial é o mapeamento da percepção dos executivos a respeito dos benefícios que as práticas verdes proporcionam às suas organizações e um novo modelo representando o valor das práticas verdes. / Green practices are constantly being discussed due to their importance for business and society. However, a consensus on all its benefits has not been reached yet, whether on environmental or economic field. Increasingly, studies have demonstrated the ability to generate value of green practices for companies and society . Therefore, it is thought that they will influence their application in segments that currently have a more effective use of environmentally friendly practices. The objective of this research is to measure the value of green practices in the perception of executives of manufacturing and service organizations. The method chosen was the survey research conducted from a previously proposed instrument, containing 5 variables and 25 items. The survey was conducted in two stages: a pre-test study and a final study. Different statistical techniques were employed to refine the instrument, as Reliability Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. As a result of this refinement a theoretical model for the final survey containing 5 variables has emerged, with the dimensions of Strategy, Cost, Growth, Brand and Risks with 25 items , which found that the variable Brand was not confirmed, it had no statistical validity in the model tested. Also, as a contribution to business and society, the theoretical model for the final survey was adequate to assess the value of green practices for organizations. The main contribution of the research for management practice are mapping the perceptions of executives about the benefits of green practices to their organizations and provide a new model representing the value of green practices.

From the futuristic Jewel at Changi Airport, the healing gardens at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Yishun to School of the Arts at Orchard Road, greenery has sprouted in buildings vertically and horizontally in Singapore, painting a growing green canopy for the dense, high rise city. This paper combines both analyses from first-hand site visits and case studies from external scholar studies to examine the performance of existing Green Building Infrastructures (BGIs) within Singapore’s unique urban context. The study reveals that the success of BGIs is highly dependent on the programming (i.e. thermal comfort design, accessibility, amenity facilities etc.), as well as the function and users of the existing building. Designs and planning that take those factors into consideration while being in line with the city’s general development goals, such as storm water management and pervasive greenery, are likely to bring out the most benefits in BGIs. To demonstrate, this paper also proposed several policy and planning recommendations that included several sets of rudimentary yet relevant parameters. Future research is encouraged to explore more complex combinations of considerations, their incorporation in design and policy making process, as well as a scientific and systematic method to evaluate BGI performance that includes both objective environmental impacts and subjective user experience that might be achieved through smart city developments.

The rise in poaching of wildlife such as the rhino and elephant in the Greater Limpopo Transboundary Park (GLTP) has led state actors to implement strict security measures to eradicate the ‘problem of poachers.' A solution to that problem has been to adopt violent measures that coerce local communities around protected areas to conform to the regulations drafted by park authorities in the name of conservation. This research investigates the different forms of violence that are produced on communities around the Gonarezhou National Park which forms part of the GLTP. The research explored how conservation practices carried out by the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust impacts the lives of people around Ndali Village. The study uses the concept of green violence to highlight the violent nature of the conservation practices of protected areas. Secondly, the study uses political ecology approach to examine the relationship between villagers and the GNP in relation to the new arrangement of the management of the park and its impact on access to natural resource use. The results of the study were based on in-depth interviews carried out with a select group of participants and insights gained through informal conversations with villagers and participant observation. The findings of the study reveal that there is a sense of loss from most of the respondents particularly when it comes to the issue of accessing grazing resources and the redrawing of park boundaries that takes away parts of their communal land. The study also illustrates that in relation to accessing natural resources from the park, the villagers' use of wildlife for subsistence is not permitted and leads to prosecution when caught by park authorities. This has had a negative impact on the people of Ndali because subsistence hunting has been an important part of their lives. The restriction from hunting has seen members of the Ndali Village rely on agriculture and livestock rearing which is not improving their wellbeing because of the constant droughts in the area. The study presents evidence that while green violence may not result in direct physical violence, it takes different forms and poses risks for the people in Ndali Village who are dependent on GNP for subsistence and exposes them to indirect violence. This study contributes to debates on the impact of green violence on communities by presenting stories of how the violence manifests together with colonial dispossession.

My diploma thesis deals with a design of a public building, in this case a hotel. It is the design of the project documentation, the result of which is the realization of an object that meets the standards of the Czech Republic as well as the demands and needs of the investor. The building is designed as a two-storey, above-ground new building with twenty-two short-stay accommodation units providing a place for forty-two guests in total. Technically it is one of the traditional Czech methods, clay brick. In this case, the bricks are from manufacturer HELUZ, they are abraded with built-in thermal insulation in its cavities. The foundations are formed by foundation strips. The roof is flat with a slope of 2%. The building is located in Pezinok, Slovakia.

The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about preschool-children´s behavior as consumers and producers of image through digital tools. The study is about the older preschool-children based on three different observations that are investigated with the help of video-observation. The various parts of the observations are children as consumers, children as producers and at the end a feedback is made together with the children. In the first observation the preschooler’s knowledge and understanding of manipulated images are examined. The second observation is about the children´s actions as producers by creating their own manipulated films with the help of Green Screen. The third observation is a reflection that is done with the children. The result shows that the children lacks knowledge and understanding of manipulated image. The children often choose to commute between fantasy and reality. It also turns out that children do not review images and films in the same way that adults do. The study shows that the children choose to act as producers instead of consumers in cooperation with the digital tools. The study also makes visible that the digital tool is seen as familiar to the children and they show digital competence during the time they produce using the tablet. The study is based on the sociocultural perspective where language is seen as an important component of all the study´s observations. / Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om förskolebarns agerande som konsumenter och producenter av bild genom digitala verktyg. Studien handlar om de äldre förskolebarnen och bygger på tre olika observationstillfällen som undersöks med hjälp av videoobservation. De olika observationstillfällena handlar om barn som konsumenter, barn som producenter och till sist görs en återkoppling tillsammans med barnen. I observationstillfälle 1 undersöks förskolebarns kunskap och förståelse för manipulerade bilder. Observationstillfälle 2 handlar om barnens agerande som producenter genom att skapa egna manipulerade filmer med hjälp av Green Screen. Observationstillfälle 3 är en reflektion som görs tillsammans med barnen. Resultatet visar på att barnen saknar kunskap och förståelse gällande manipulerade bilder. Barnen väljer ofta att pendla mellan fantasi och verklighet. Det visar sig även att barnen inte granskar bilder och filmer på samma sätt som vuxna gör. I studien synliggörs att barnen ofta väljer att agera som producenter istället för konsumenter i samverkan med lärplattan. Resultatet lyfter även att lärplattan är ett bekant verktyg för barnen, och det visar sig att de besitter digital kompetens. Studien utgår ifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet där språket ses vara en viktig komponent för studiens samtliga observationstillfällen.

Green bonds present a promising tool enabling investors in fixed-income mar- kets to finance environmental projects. Yet, the pricing of green bonds with respect to conventional bonds remains an open question. This thesis in- vestigates the existence of a yield differential between green and equivalent conventional bonds in the secondary market. By matching green bonds with synthetic conventional bonds and performing a fixed effects panel regression of the yield spread, we find evidence of a small negative premium associ- ated with green bonds ("green premium"): as a result of high demand from value-seeking investors, the yield of green bonds is on average 1.12 basis points lower than that of their conventional counterparts. The variation in the magnitude of the green premium with bond characteristics is further examined through a cross-sectional regression. We show that external ver- ification of the bond's green credentials and assurance on its post-issuance allocation report significantly increase the estimated green premium. Finally, the green bond's yield seems to decrease in case proceeds are used to finance new projects, while refinancing existing projects results in an increase in the bond's yield. Our findings provide valuable insights into the field of green bond pricing. While the...

Context:Over the years, India has evolved as a leading powerhouse of economic growthbut belongs to the nations that are most significantly affected by anthropogenicenviron-mental changes. As part of the Paris Agreement, India has formulated a national climate agenda, but a large gapprevalentin the green financialmarket as well as other deficien-cies in the general bondmarket and the underlying infrastructure restrain the country from attaining those goals. Purpose:Earlier scholarly works, and green bond reports, in particular, have foreground the number of green bond issuances in India but do not take a critical look at the stagnat-ing development of the market and have not scrutinised the market and its actors in the context of scientific frames of reference yet. Thus, this thesis aims to identify the chal-lenges India faces in scaling the green financial market up while taking the demands and potential contributions of stakeholder groups into consideration. Methodology:This thesis is grounded in the author’s assumptions of interpretivism and subjectivity. Following these initial considerations, an inductive approach was followed, and a qualitative study was conducted, mainly based on a literature review in areas like sustainable finance,green financialmarkets and theirparticipantsas well asgreen debt securities and the associated issuers, investors, costsandverificationmethodsin India. Findings:The main challenges India faces in developing the green financial market fur-ther are the missing transparency provoked by the fragmentary green bond regulation as to disclosure and verification requirements as well as illiquidity caused by a small number of and little environmental awareness among investors. The market relies heavily on the banking sector and green investment projects are slanted towards renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. Moreover, green debt securities lack clear pricing advantages compared to conventional bonds but bear risks for greenwashing activities. Research Limitations:This thesis was not able to bridge the research gap on challenges for scaling India’s sustainable financial market up. The examination was further initiated by the author’s experiences with the topicand is based on an interpretive approach, thus, argumentations and findingsmight be value-laden. The small sample size of interviews taken and the limited information on greenwashing within financial activities might have not deliveredfull insightsinto the research topic