In the present study, there was performed a research of safety parameters of electrical devices, there were performed various measurements and calculations, comparisons of received results, considered problems, associated with these parameters. There was considered condition of equipment before and after repairs.. Proposed suggestions regarding installation of unconventional devices as well as calculating during the process of design, there was described a research of dependence of resistances of grounders on deepening in earth, performing measurements. Also, upon selection of calculation methodology, there were performed calculations of grounded resistances. The results of calculations were compared with the measured ones. There was touched on a subject of solution of some problems of grounder installation - i.e. installation of unconventional grounder. There was provided the method of installation of such grounder, peculiarities of its equipment. There were analysed results of measurement of screws, they were compared with the results of conventional grounders. There was developed the methodology of calculations of grounders and there was provided data of calculations as well as comparison with the measured ones. There was described application of this method as well as its benefit and advantages. There were considered peculiarities of results of measurement of resistances of transitive contacts, positioned in chemically aggressive environment. There was analysed the... [to full text]

In this paper we present examples of ground roll attenuation for synthetic and real data gathers by using Contourlet and Curvelet transforms. These non-separable wavelet transforms are locoalized both (x,t)- and (k,f)-domains and allow for adaptive seperation of signal and ground roll. Both linear and non-linear filtering are discussed using the unique properties of these basis that allow for simultaneous localization in the both domains. Eventhough, the linear filtering techniques are encouraging the true added value of these basis-function techniques becomes apparent when we use these decompositions to adaptively substract modeled ground roll from data using a non-linear thesholding procedure. We show real and synthetic examples and the results suggest that these directional-selective basis functions provide a usefull tool for the removal of coherent noise such as ground roll

We have effectively identified and removed ground roll through a twostep process. The first step is to identify the major components of the ground roll through various methods including multiscale separation, directional or frequency filtering or by any other method that identifies the ground roll. Given this estimate for ground roll, the recorded signal is separated during the second step through a block-coordinate relaxation method that seeks the sparsest set for weighted curvelet coefficients of the ground roll and the sought-after reflectivity. The combination of these two methods allows us to separate out the ground roll signal while preserving the reflector information. Since our method is iterative, we have control of the separation process. We successfully tested our algorithm on a real data set with a complex ground roll and reflector structure.

Seismic data is often irregularly and/or sparsely sampled along spatial coordinates. We show that these acquisition geometries are not necessarily a source of adversity in order to accurately reconstruct adequately-sampled data. We use two examples to illustrate that it may actually be better than equivalent regularly subsampled data. This comment was already made in earlier works by other authors. We explain this behavior by two key observations. Firstly, a noise-free underdetermined problem can be seen as a noisy well-determined problem. Secondly, regularly subsampling creates strong coherent acquisition noise (aliasing) difficult to remove unlike the noise created by irregularly subsampling that is typically weaker and Gaussian-like

This thesis proposes that an investigation into the phenomenon of doubling may engage architecture with a type of desire that has deep rooted connections with the complexities of human nature, with the very human condition of desiring to know who/what/where/when/how we are. It proposes that an experience of doubling is suggestive of a specific kind of affective space that tests this relationship, expanding into the interval we have formed between our body, its being and space. The proposal is to explore the material, spatial, and psychological characteristics of such a phenomenon - to understand the virtual space created through this doubling and its architectonic characteristics. The design ambition of this thesis is to construct an architectural fiction that engages with this doubling. If architecture has the capacity to embody the ambitions and anxieties of society, the work produced attempts to invoke, through choreographed doublings manifested by the movement of figure and light through constructions in time, that human condition of desire that is concerned with finding/defining itself in the unknown, not to provide an answer for what the unknown is, but to engage with its enigmatic nature. By engaging in the protean dynamics of doubling and desire, this thesis attempts to poeticize the interval between the body and its built environment.

Ground-source heat pump systems with vertical ground heat exchangers (GHE) are gaining popularity worldwide for their higher coefficients of performance and lower CO2 emissions. However, the higher initial cost of installing the borehole GHEs is a main obstacle to spread the systems. To reduce the required total GHE length and efficiently operate the systems, various systems such as hybrid ones (e.g. solar heat injection) have recently been introduced. Accurate prediction of heat transfer in and around boreholes of such systems is crucial to avoid costly overdesigns or catastrophic failures of undersized systems as it is for typical GCHP systems. However, unlike the traditional sizing methods, it is increasingly required to take into account detailed borehole configuration and transient effects (e.g. short circuit effects between U-tubes). Many of the existing GHE models have been reviewed. Some of these models have serious limitations when it comes to transient heat transfer, particularly in the borehole itself. Accordingly, the objective of this thesis is to develop a model that is capable to accurately predict thermal behaviors of the GHEs. A precise response to input variations even in a short time-step is also expected in the model. The model also has to account for a correct temperature and flux distribution between the U-tubes and inside the borehole that seems to be important in the solar heat injection case. Considering these effects in 3D with a detailed mesh used for describing the borehole configurations is normally time-consuming. This thesis attempts to alleviate the calculation time using state model reduction techniques that use fewer modes for a fast calculation but predict similar results. Domain decomposition is also envisaged to sub-structure the domain and vary the time-step sizes. Since the decomposed domains should be coupled one another spatially as well as temporally, new coupling methods are proposed and validated particularly in the FEM. For the simulation purpose, a hybrid model (HM) is developed that combines a numerical solution, the same one as the 3D-RM but only for the borehole, and well-known analytical ones for a fast calculation. An experimental facility used for validation of the model has been built and is described. A comparison with the experimental results shows that the relatively fast transients occurring in the borehole are well predicted not only for the outlet fluid temperature but also for the grout temperatures at different depths even in very short time-steps. Even though the current version of 3D-RM is experimentally validated, it is still worth optimizing the model in terms of the computational time. Further simulations with the 3D-RM are expected to be carried out to estimate the performance of new hybrid systems and propose its appropriate sizing with correspondent thermal impacts on the ground. Finally, the development of the model 3D-RM can be an initiation to accurately model various types of GHE within an acceptable calculation time.

Valant miestų nutekamuosius vandenis susidaro dideli kiekiai nuotekų dumblo, kurio panaudojimo galimybės yra gana ribotos. Vienas perspektyviausių buitinių nuotekų dumblo panaudojimo būdų yra dirvožemio tręšimas, ir energetinių želdinių auginimas. Dumblo panaudojimą riboja sunkiųjų metalų kiekiai dumble, taip pat mikrobiologiniai rodikliai. Dumblą naudojant tręšimui, taip pat būtina atsižvelgti į dirvožemio tipą, granuliometrinę sudėtį, pH, gruntinio vandens lygį bei jo kitimo dinamiką, dirvožemio foninį užterštumą sunkiaisiais metalais. Sunkieji metalai patekę į gruntinius vandenis yra pavojingi žmogui ir visai gyvajai gamtai. Šio magistrinio darbo tikslas – atlikti Kauno m. nuotekų valyklos dumblo saugojimo aikštelės gruntinio vandens lygio kitimo, bei jo kokybės analizę. Gruntinio vandens mėginių laboratorinės analizės buvo atliktos UAB „Kauno vandenys“ vandens tyrimo laboratorijoje, taip pat buvo remtasi monitoringo, atliekamo nuo 1997 m. duomenimis. Atlikta analizė parodė, kad patręšus dirvą nuotekų dumblu, sunkiųjų metalų kiekiai gruntiniame vandenyje palaipsniui mažėja. Todėl parinkus ekologiškai saugias nuotekų dumblo utilizavimo normas, galima labai efektyviai šį dumblą panaudoti želdinių tręšimui, nepadarant didelės žalos aplinkai. / During municipal wastewater treatment large amounts of sewage sludge are generated. Possibilities of this sludge being utilized are quite limited. One of the most promising sewage sludge utilization way is using it as fertilizer. Sewage sludge utilization are mostly limited by the amount of heavy metals in it. When using sludge as fertilizer one must know some soil parameters, such as soil type, pH, groundwater level, heavy metals concentration in soil. Heavy metals in groundwater are serious threat to humans and all living nature. The aim of this work is to analyze groundwater level dynamics and its quality at sewage sludge disposal site. Groundwater sample analysis was performed in UAB “Kauno vandenys” certified laboratory. Performed analysis, and all gathered data shows that heavy metals concentration in groundwater has trend of being smaller every year since the first fertilization of the soil. So, choosing amounts of sewage sludge that are ecologically safe for fertilizing may have very positive effect on soil nutrients balance, without significant negative impact on groundwater.

Diplominio darbo tikslas – atlikti Biržų ploto dirvožemių geocheminį rajonavimą pagal geologinius-geomorfologinius požymius, nustatyti jų geocheminio lauko skirtumus, įvertinti gamtinių veiksnių apspręstus cheminių elementų kaupimo skirtumus. Išvados 1. Biržų ploto dirvožemio ir grunto geocheminiam rajonavimui optimalu naudoti du kriterijus: a) technogeninės apkrovos laipsnį; b) litogenetinę-geomorfologinę dirvodarinių uolienų priklausomybę. Pagal technogeninės apkrovos laipsnį ploto teritorija suskirstyta į gamtinę (foninę) ir dvi urbanizuotas zonas: Pasvalio ir Biržų. Pagal litogenetinę-geomorfologinę priklausomybę gamtinėje zonoje išskirti 7 geocheminiai rajonai: Vaškų, Lauksodžio ir Žeimelio moreninių lygumų, Nemunėlio Radviliškio moreninės limnoglacialinės lygumos, Linkuvos moreninio kalvagūbrio, Pasvalio limnoglacialinės lygumos, Saločių limnoglacialinės lygumos, Pumpėnų moreninės lygumos, Likėnų, Satkūnų, Antašavos moreninių lygumų. 2. Svarbiausi faktoriai, sąlygojantys cheminių elementų akumuliaciją, yra litogeninis ir karbonatinis. Pirmasis susijęs su molio frakcijos dirvožemyje procentiniu kiekiu, antrasis – su karbonatų ir sunkiųjų mineralų santykiu aleurito frakcijoje. Su litogeniniu faktoriumi asocijuojasi tokie technogeniniai elementai kaip Cr, Ni, Co, Zn, mažiau – Cu, Sn (sorbuojami ant molio mineralų. Su karbonatiniu faktoriumi asocijuojasi Pb, Cu, Co, Zn (sudaro patvarius junginius ir nusėda šarminėje aplinkoje). 3. Pagal teigiamas arba neigiamas faktorių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objectives: to perform Biržai region soil geochemical regionalism in accordance with geological-geophormalogical evidence, to establish geochemical field differences, evaluate resistance to polution technogenous chemical elements. Goals: 1. Summarize experience gained in previously accomplished geochemical regionalism in Lithuania. 2. Familiarize with geochemical mapping of Biržai region . 3. To explore geological (quaternary), geomorphologic and anthropocentric pollution conditions in Biržai region, according to this distinguish appropriate areas of soil and establish their geochemical field differences, by employing mathematical-statistical methods to verify extrication validity. 4. Applying factoring analysis Compose informative factors factoring significance maps – both for natural soil and city priming. 5. Determine different soil regions resistance to technogenic pollution by technogenous elements (Pb, Zn, Ag, Sn, Cu, Cr etc.), which represent their accumulation or immunity. Findings: 1. Two criteria were applied to Biržai area soil and priming geochemical regionalism: a) technogenic load rate; b) lithogenetical-geomorphological dependence of dirvodarinių rocks In Accordance to technogenic load rate area is divided into natural and two urbanized zones: Pasvalys and Biržai. By lithogenetical-geomorphological subordination in natural zone, 7 regions were identified: Vaškai, Lauksodis and Žeimelis morainic plains, Nemunėlis Radviliškis morainic limnoglacial plains, Linkuva... [to full text]

Detailed soil and water data are essential to ensure the optimum long-term management of fields. The objective of this study was to estimate water table depths, spatially variable and layered soil properties using electromagnetic induction methods. Soil samples were collected and analyzed within two wild blueberry, a soybean-barley and a pasture fields. Observation wells were installed. The DualEM-2 was calibrated to predict the soil properties and groundwater depths. The apparent ground conductivity (ECa) and water table depths were measured simultaneously from each well, before and after every significant rainfall for three consecutive days. Comprehensive surveys were conducted in selected fields to measure ECa with DualEM-2. Survey data were imported in C++ program to estimate layered soil properties using mathematical models. Regression models were developed to predict soil properties and groundwater depths. The predicted soil properties and groundwater table maps were generated. This information can help to develop variable rate technologies.

La science génétique tend de plus en plus à identifier des maladies génétiques et à associer des comportements humains au bagage génétique. Or, ces applications peuvent servir à exclure et stigmatiser des individus. Cela crée parfois ce qu'on appelle de la discrimination génétique. Le domaine de l'emploi est particulièrement propice à voir surgir cette forme de discrimination. Nous voulons ici déterminer dans quelle mesure les chartes des droits de la personne canadienne et québécoise protègent les travailleurs contre la discrimination génétique. Nous regardons d'abord si la lutte contre la discrimination génétique est compatible avec les objectifs de la règle anti-discrimination. Ensuite, nous examinons la prohibition de la discrimination basée sur le handicap afin de voir si celle-ci peut empêcher la discrimination génétique des travailleurs. Finalement, nous tentons de voir si les caractéristiques génétiques pourraient constituer un motif analogue de discrimination prohibé par la Charte canadienne. / Increasingly, the genetic science tends to identify sorne genetic diseases and to associate the human behaviors to the genetic code. This uses can serve to exclude and stigmatize the individuals. This sometimes creates what is called the genetic discrimination. The workplace is particularly favorable to see emerging this form of discrimination. We try to determine in what way the human rights charters protect the workers against the genetic discrimination. First, we scrutinize if the struggle against the genetic discrimination is well-suited with the objecti ves of the principles of the non-discrimination. Secondly, we examine if the prohibition of the disability discrimination could prevent the genetic discrimination against the workers. Finally, we try to establish if the genetic characteristics could constitute an analogous ground of discrimination prohibited by the Canadian Charter. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maître en droit option Droit des biotechnologies". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 10% des mémoires de la discipline.