This cooperative research work is concerned with the development of fall arrest equipment constructed from textile materials for use in mountaineering, caving and industrial safety applications. The range of webbings available for use in fall arrest equipment is examined, and some basic experiments to determine the effect of severe abrasion are described. The methods of stitching slings (loops of webbing) are examined, and the effects of external abrasion on conventional lap joints and bartacked joints are compared. The development of harnesses is examined and the factors affecting their future design are considered. The major part of the work is concerned with the way in which the energy of a falling body is absorbed in a fall arrest system and with the peak impact loads imposed on the system's components. To measure these loads, apparatus was developed at the cooperating company's premises, together with appropriate instrumentation. A series of tests were carried out to determine loads in falls of increasing severity. The ensuing development work concerned textile shock absorbers, which are designed to limit the impact force in a fall to a predetermined maximum. Using the drop test apparatus, it was shown that such shock absorbers have very little practical effect in a climbing situation. However, the principles embodied in these devices were used to develop an industrial safety lanyard with an integral shock absorber which conforms to British Standard 1397. This device is lighter and more compact than others currently on the market and represents a step forward in the field.

Pulling behavior in canines remains a common problem despite the potential for serious injury. Unfortunately, data regarding the potential force a canine could exhibit while being walked in either a collar or harness is limited. Therefore, we designed a single-day study to investigate the impact of equipment type on canine potential pulling force. This study was approved by the Southern Illinois University Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee (21-005) prior to initiation of the work. For this crossover study, community and student-owned dogs (n=28) were recruited through email and social media advertisement. Upon arrival, dogs were weighed and grouped by size; small, medium, or large. Canines followed a standardized circuit that included different environmental stimuli (unfamiliar dog, food, thrown toy) commonly encountered during a walk in the park. Dogs were walked once in a fitted 1.5" flat nylon Tactipup© collar and a fitted padded Good2Go harness. An apparatus, EasyForce® digital dynamometer, was attached between the leash and a trained technician walking the canines. Variables of interest included: mean pulling force, peak pulling force, and time spent pulling. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM Two-way ANOVA (SAS Version 9.4) with significance set at P < 0.05. Although time spent pulling was similar (P = 0.3458) for both harness and collar, dogs pulled with greater mean force (P < 0.0001) while wearing a harness as compared to a collar (13.6 ± 0.88lbf and 8.5 ± 0.79lbf, respectively). Furthermore, peak pulling force was also greater in the harness (44.7 ± 1.22lbf) as compared to the collar (36.6 ± 1.21lbf) (P = 0.03). It is also important to note that when peak pulling force was expressed as a % of body weight (%BW), the smallest group exerted the most prominent force (122 ± 9.45%BW) when compared to the larger groups (P < 0.0001). This data compares the pulling force potential in canines while wearing either a collar or a harness and helps provide much-needed data to develop guidelines and better educational materials for dog owners related to leash-pulling behaviors. Future work should implement different types of collars and harnesses and look to see if the use of training has any effect on pulling behavior in canines.

Falls are a major contributor to construction-related fatalities. Many construction fall fatalities occur during roofing, and may be prevented by proper use of fall protection. A prevalent option for fall protection is a personal fall arrest system (PFAS). However, full adaption of PFAS is hindered by usability issues, particularly in the harness component. Current research aims to develop design requirements for more usable fall arrest harness. A study was conducted to consider the inter-relations of objective measures of fit and strap pressure, along with subjective usability measures including discomfort ratings and post-task questionnaire responses. 18 local roofers were recruited to test three different harnesses, while performing both quiet calibration-oriented trials and simulated roofing tasks. Significant correlations between discomfort ratings and pressure values were found only in quiet trials. Questionnaire responses were validated by inter-correlations and by significant correlations with discomfort ratings. Multiple comparisons of objective fit values and questionnaire responses revealed deficits in the low-end harness, while suggesting few differences between the mid- and high-range harnesses. Results from analysis of both objective and subjective measures were considered alongside free-response prompts to develop a set of four requirements for consideration in future harness design, including a lowered harness weight, an intermediate level of padding, inclusion of rolling style vertical strap quick-adjusters, a belt-style thigh strap adjustment mechanism, and the adoption of a three-sized sizing scheme. / Master of Science

Orientador: Frab Norberto Boscolo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T22:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viero_FlavioLuiz_D.pdf: 553886 bytes, checksum: 6455fb7d1e46ecd9328257967d685d33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de radiação X produzida a partir do Cobalto -60, em dois tipos de materiais odontológicos: o compósito Filtek TM A 110 3M, utilizado para restauração d e dentes anteriores; e o compósito condensável SureFilTM indicado para restauração cB dentes posteriores. Foram confeccionados 70 corpos de prova, dos quais 25 foram destinados ao teste de dureza Knoop e 50 ao teste de rugosidade de superfície. Depois de confeccionados, os corpos de prova foram acondicionados em caixas de acrílico e submersos em água destilada por um período de 24 horas, tendo com finalidade obter-se a estabilização química dos materiais. Após esse período, foram submetidos ao teste de Microdureza e de rugosidade de superfície. Obtidas essas medidas, os corpos de prova foram submetidos à irradiação, com as seguintes doses: 0,25Gy; 0,50Gy; 0,75Gy; 1Gy. Passadas 24 horas da irradiação, os mesmos 25 corpos de prova foram novamente submetidos ao teste de microdureza e os mesmos 50 éD teste de rugosidade. Logo após a realização do teste de rugosidade, os 50 corpos de prova foram submetidos à abrasão, sendo a seguir submersos em água destilada, permanecendo por 24 horas. Após esse período, um terceiro teste de rugosidade de superfície foi realizado nesses corpos de prova. De posse das medidas obtidas e após estas serem submetidas à análise estatística - Teste Tukey e o teste T pareado, observou-se que os tipos de compósitos irradiados apresentaram uma redução estatisticamente significante, nos valores de dureza Knoop, quando comparados ao material não irradiado; entretanto não foi observada diferença significante entre os grupos irradiados. Quando avaliada a rugosidade, observou-se que não houve diferença entre o grupo controle e o irradiado; entretanto houve diferença estatisticamente significante, dentro de cada grupo, antes e após os corpos de prova terem sido submetidos à abrasão. Conclui-se que, portanto, que a irradiação influenciou a dureza Knoop, mas não interferiu na rugosidade dos dois compósitos avaliados / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different )f radiation doses produced by cobalt-60 teletherapy unit on two types of restorative dental materials: 3M Filtek TM A 110 used for forward teeth restorations and condensable SureFilTM used for back teeth restorations. Seventy five specimens were fabricated, 25 were submitted to Knoop hardness test and 50 to surface roughness. Next, the samples were immersed in distilled water in an acrylic support for chemical stabilization for 24 hours, and evaluated before irradiation test. Afterwards the samples were submitted to microhardness test and to surface roughness. Subsequently, samples were irradiated with single doses of 0,25Gy; O,50Gy; 0,75Gy; 1Gy. Twenty four hours after irradiation, the same samples were evaluated considering both tests - roughness and microhardness. After these procedures, the 50 samples used for the roughness surface evaluation were submitted to abrasion and stored in distilled water for 24 hours. After this period, the roughness surface were again analyzed. Data were submitted to Tukey test and to paired t-test, and it was observed that the two irradiated composites had a statistically significant reduction in Knoop hardness values when compared to non­irradiated composites adversely, no statically significant differences were found among the irradiated groups. Regarding surface roughness, no statistically significant difference was observed in the comparisons between the control group and irradiated group, however statistically significant differences were found inside each group, before and after the samples have been submitted to abrasion. It was concluded that the x-irradiation influenced the Knoop hardness, therefore it did not interfere on the surface roughness of the two restorative composite evaluated. / Doutorado / Radiologia Odontologica / Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica

The application of the industrial-design mindset of problem solving into the product design category of apparel design is something that intrigued me.Work-wear can be seen as professional sports apparel or equipment, for a usergroup with varying body sizes and shapes this of course in combination with trying to cater to users with widely different needs.The work-wear industry is one of many where users of many different professions are often bundled together as a wholeand given their equipment based on what would serve the average of this large group the best and as with many other categories of product design, it is driven by cost effectiveness. In many cases, this works just fine, but when it doesn’t, that is where problems occur. In this project the topic of “futureworkwear” is approached with a user centered design perspective to understand the issues and problems found within the area of workwear to better be able to provide innovative and new solutions to problems of visibility, ergonomic adjustability and tool carrying. The project also aims to explore the innovative future of smart garments and how this is best implemented in a natural and meaningful way providing the users of work-wear with added value.The result of the project is a new toolcarrying belt &amp; harness combination, giving the user the possibility to adjust how and where tools are worn on the body and being able to ergonomically adjust how the tool carrier fits. All while also equipping the user with smart technology to provide a safer work environment in a non-intrusive way.

Hip dysplasia, also known as congenital dysplasia of the hip (CDH) or Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH), is a mal-alignment of the hip joint. Left untreated within the first nine months, DDH could lead to permanent disability. Luckily however, this condition is diagnosed at an early age and is usually treated without surgery through the use of the Pavlik harness. In this thesis, a 3D computational model and dynamic finite element analysis of the muscles and tissues involved in hip dysplasia and the mechanics of the Pavlik harness, as rendered by Dr. Alain J. Kassab’s research group in the College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering in the University of Central Florida over the past 3 years, were reviewed and discussed to evaluate the accuracy of the hip reduction mechanism. I examine the group’s usage of CT-based images to create accurate models of the bony structures, muscle tensions and roles that were generated using biomechanical analyses of maximal and passive strain, and the usage of adult and infant hips. Results, as produced by the group indicated that the effects and force contribution of the muscles studied are functions of severity of hip dislocation. Therefore, I discussed complications with real world-to-computational modeling with regards to structural systems and data interpretations. Although this design could be applied to more anatomical models and mechanistic analyses, more research would have to be completed to create more accurate models and results.

Cable harness is an integral part of a modern-day automobile. The design of many mechanical components is based on the cable harness and hence it is important to accurately calculate the space occupied by cable harness. In this thesis, a theoretical model representing n arbitrarily sized cables was used to generate a packing of the cable harness, and the space occupied by them was calculated. The model was used to develop an algorithm that generated a feasible configuration and a container around that packing. The optimisation toolbox in MATLAB was also used to calculate the space and optimise the container size. A customised standalone tool was developed in MATLAB by utilising the established methods, that enables calculation of space occupied by cables at various points of interest along the truck chassis for Scania CV.

<p>In this thesis five different protection harnesses for hunting dogs against canidae attacks were assessed. Hunting dogs can be attacked and severely injured or killed by wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) when released during hunting. So far there is no effective protection method. Similar problems are reported with African wild dogs (<em>Lycaon pictus</em>) and dholes (<em>Cuon alpinus</em>) with other domestic animals. In this study the experimental harnesses were presented on a dummy to lure the animals to attack them. The harnesses with physical (screws or spikes on the back) and ultrasound (immediate bite controlled and 19 second continuous ultrasound) deterrents were only assessed during wolf attacks, whereas the harness with electric shocks was also tested on the other two species. Neither physical nor ultrasound deterrents showed a large enough aversive response in the wolves. Electric shocks, given to the animals when biting the dummy, triggered an immediate release of the dummy in all three species. Long term effects differed between species and individuals. The exposed wolf did not touch the dummy again after a second exposure, whereas all except one African wild dog bit the dummy again in consecutive trials. Some individuals returned to bite a second time even in the same trial. An assessment of the long term effect on dholes was not possible, as the individuals were undistinguishable. Based on the data obtained in this study a harness with electric deterrent seems the most promising.</p>

In this thesis five different protection harnesses for hunting dogs against canidae attacks were assessed. Hunting dogs can be attacked and severely injured or killed by wolves (Canis lupus) when released during hunting. So far there is no effective protection method. Similar problems are reported with African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) and dholes (Cuon alpinus) with other domestic animals. In this study the experimental harnesses were presented on a dummy to lure the animals to attack them. The harnesses with physical (screws or spikes on the back) and ultrasound (immediate bite controlled and 19 second continuous ultrasound) deterrents were only assessed during wolf attacks, whereas the harness with electric shocks was also tested on the other two species. Neither physical nor ultrasound deterrents showed a large enough aversive response in the wolves. Electric shocks, given to the animals when biting the dummy, triggered an immediate release of the dummy in all three species. Long term effects differed between species and individuals. The exposed wolf did not touch the dummy again after a second exposure, whereas all except one African wild dog bit the dummy again in consecutive trials. Some individuals returned to bite a second time even in the same trial. An assessment of the long term effect on dholes was not possible, as the individuals were undistinguishable. Based on the data obtained in this study a harness with electric deterrent seems the most promising.

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