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The task of this thesis is a design and a construction of a semi-automatic single-purpose machine. This machine is designed for testing seven types of wiring harnesses, which are going to be tested, whether they contain all needed parts. The machine also measures some parts of the harnesses. It is necessary to use more types of sensors in the design and the construction of the single-purpose machine. All controlling and measuring processes are automatic. An operator of the machine just inserts the wiring harness into a fixture, activates the program, then removes controled harness and puts it into the right box. The task of this thesis is solved in a cooperation with Mechatronic Design & Solutions s.r.o. company.

Tillgången till vatten kan ses som en självklarhet men 29\% av världens befolkning saknar tillgång till rent vatten. Vi alla måste ta ett ansvar för att minska vår förbrukning för att spara på den begränsade resurs som vatten faktiskt är. I denna rapport presenteras en lösning för att minska förbrukningen av vatten inom travsporten. Lösningen består av sensorer som mäter fuktigheten i jorden och en algoritm som räknar ut mängden vatten som behövs för att uppnå ett valt värde. För att utvärdera lösningen har en prototyp skapats. Prototypen har genomgått olika tester för att säkerhetställa att den uppfyller de krav och förväntningar som finns. Ett system som kan övervaka banan och få ett exakt värde på mängden vatten som behövs bidrar till en möjlighet att precisionsbevattna. Detta kan bidra till en reducering i vattenanvändningen. Förhoppningsvis så kommer travbanor att kunna dra nytta av denna rapport och hjälpa till med att bidra till en mer hållbar framtid där vi alla strävar efter att minska vår vattenförbrukning. / The access to water could be taken for granted, but 29 % of the world's population lacks access to clean water. We all need to take responsibility for reducing our consumption in order to save on the limited resource.to precision irrigateThis report presents a solution to reduce water consumption in trotting. The solution consists of sensors that measure the moisture level in the soil and an algorithm that calculates the amount of water needed to achieve a selected value. To evaluate the solution, a prototype has been created. The prototype has undergone various tests to ensure that it meets the requirements and expectations that exist. A system that can monitor the course and get an exact value for the amount of water needed contributes to an opportunity to precision irrigate.This could contribute to a reduction in water usage. Hopefully, trotting tracks will be able to benefit from this report and help contribute to a more sustainable future where we all strive to reduce our water consumption.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common newborn condition where the femoral head is not located in its natural position in the acetabulum (hip socket). Several treatment methods are being implemented worldwide to treat this abnormal condition. One of the most effective methods of treatment is the use of Pavlik Harness, which directs the femoral head toward the natural position inside the acetabulum. This dissertation presents a developed method for identifying the least energy path that the femoral head would follow during reduction. This is achieved by utilizing a validated computational biomechanical model that allows the determination of the potential energy, and then implementing the principle of stationary potential energy. The potential energy stems from strain energy stored in the muscles and gravitational potential energy of four rigid-body components of lower limb bones. Five muscles are identified and modeled because of their effect on DDH reduction. Clinical observations indicate that reduction with the Pavlik Harness occurs passively in deep sleep under the combined effects of gravity and the constraints of the Pavlik Harness. A non-linear constitutive equation, describing the passive muscle response, is used in the potential energy computation. Different DDH abnormalities with various flexion, abduction, and hip rotation angles are considered, and least energy paths are identified. Several constraints, such as geometry and harness configuration, are considered to closely simulate real cases of DDH. Results confirm the clinical observations of two different pathways for closed reduction. The path of least energy closely approximated the modified Hoffman-Daimler method. Release of the pectineus muscle favored a more direct pathway over the posterior rim of the acetabulum. The direct path over the posterior rim of the acetabulum requires more energy. This model supports the observation that Grade IV dislocations may require manual reduction by the direct path. However, the indirect path requires less energy and may be an alternative to direct manual reduction of Grade IV infantile hip dislocations. Of great importance, as a result of this work, identifying the minimum energy path that the femoral head would travel would provide a non-surgical tool that effectively aids the surgeon in treating DDH.

Dado um processo de Poisson d-dimensional, construímos funções harmônicas na triangulação de Delaunay associada, com comportamento assintótico linear, como limite de um processo de harness sem ruído. Tais funções permitem que construamos uma nova imersão da triangulação de Delaunay, que denominaremos de deformação harmônica. / Given a d-dimensional Poisson point process, we construct harmonic functions on the associated Delaunay triangulation, with linear assymptotic behaviour, as the limit of a noiseless harness process. These mappings allow us to find a new embedding for the Delaunay triangulation. We call it harmonic deformation of the graph.

Dado um processo de Poisson d-dimensional, construímos funções harmônicas na triangulação de Delaunay associada, com comportamento assintótico linear, como limite de um processo de harness sem ruído. Tais funções permitem que construamos uma nova imersão da triangulação de Delaunay, que denominaremos de deformação harmônica. / Given a d-dimensional Poisson point process, we construct harmonic functions on the associated Delaunay triangulation, with linear assymptotic behaviour, as the limit of a noiseless harness process. These mappings allow us to find a new embedding for the Delaunay triangulation. We call it harmonic deformation of the graph.

Esta dissertação tem um caráter profundamente exploratório, buscando estabelecer hipóteses consistentes sobre o processo de transferência do desenvolvimento de alguns produtos da montadora para seus fornecedores, avaliando o aproveitamento e o aprimoramento das capacidades da engenharia nacional, assim como fatores que facilitam ou dificultam este movimento. Compõe-se de duas partes interligadas e complementares: uma revisão teórica e um estudo de campo. Para estabelecer a base teórica da investigação, foram levantados diversos estudos, em particular sobre montadoras e sobre fornecedores, sendo a seguir definido o problema a ser estudado. Considerando a complexidade do problema da pesquisa, situado em um universo dinâmico, com entrelaçamentos que dificultam identificar o foco de forma isolada, foram definidas as hipóteses preliminares, definindo-se também a adequação da utilização de dois procedimentos empíricos principais. Um procedimento foi o levantamento de fontes documentais do setor, trabalhando com dados qualitativos e quantitativos, inclusive estatísticos. O outro procedimento foi o estudo de múltiplos casos; foram estudados os casos de duas sistemistas, sendo um referente aos sistemas de distribuição eletro-eletrônicos (\"chicotes\") e outro ao painel completo de veículos, sendo que ambos se desdobram, internamente, em subcasos. Apresenta-se como vem ocorrendo o desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria automotiva, suas fases e desafios. São abordadas algumas práticas de desenvolvimento de produtos mundiais e o papel dos fornecedores. É tratado o desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria automotiva brasileira, buscando compreender o do papel da engenharia dos fornecedores com presença local e suas relações, sempre que possível apresentando paralelos com a indústria global e suas dinâmicas de desenvolvimento. Os estudos de caso são utilizados para analisar algumas áreas em que os fornecedores locais têm competências e autonomia, do ponto de vista técnico, para proceder no desenvolvimento de novos produtos para as montadoras, tanto no Brasil como no exterior. São exploradas as relações entre as empresas, qual a participação da montadora, e quais razões têm favorecido, ou não, o papel local dos fornecedores. É apresentada também uma análise de diferenças e similaridades entre os casos. Os resultados levaram à reelaboração das hipóteses preliminares de forma mais consistente, e sinalizaram que, embora a utilização da engenharia nacional dos fornecedores venha aumentando, poderia ser melhor utilizada, dando ao Brasil um papel mais relevante frente a países de engenharia emergente. Contudo, os casos apontam que, ao contrário, essa competência da engenharia local tem sido utilizada fora do país, mas apenas pela presença de engenheiros brasileiros individualmente, levando seu potencial para desenvolver a engenharia de outros centros estrangeiros. / This master thesis is profoundly exploratory, in search of establishing consistent hypotheses on the transference of the product development process of some products from the OEMs to their suppliers, evaluating the good use and improvement of national engineering competencies, as well as factors which facilitate or difficult such a movement. It is composed by two interconnected and complementary parts: a theoretical revision and a field study. Aiming at to establish the theoretical basis to the investigation, a variety of studies has been gathered and studied, particularly those related to OEMs and suppliers, making then possible to define the problem to be studied. Considering the complexity of the problem, posed in a dynamic universe, presenting interconnections which difficult to isolate the focus of the research, preliminary hypotheses were proposed, also defining the use of two main empirical proceedings. One is the search for documental sources attached to the automotive sector, working with qualitative and quantitative data, including statistical information. The other is multiple-case studies, taking the cases of two systems suppliers, one related to the electricalelectronic distribution systems (wiring harness) and the other to vehicles cockpit panel; both of them are multiplied in sub-cases. It is presented how the product development in the automotive sector has been occurring, its phases and challenges. Some of the practices in the development of world products and the role of suppliers are also approached. The product development in the Brazilian automotive sector was also approached, aiming at bringing some contribution to the understanding of the role of the suppliers engineering that has local presence and their relations, also presenting possible parallels to the global industry and its dynamics of development. The case studies were directed to analyze some areas in which the local suppliers have competencies and autonomy, in technical terms, to proceed in developing new products to the OEMs, in Brazil and abroad. Then this study seeks to explore the relations among companies, what is the participation of the OEMs, and what reasons have favored, or not, the local role of the suppliers. An analysis of differences and similarities between the cases is presented as well. The results guided to the reelaboration of the preliminary hypotheses into more consistent ones. They also pointed out that, although the good use of national engineering has been improving, it might be better used in the development of products, promoting a better role for Brazil in face of countries with emergent engineering. However, the cases point out to the fact that the national engineering competencies have been more used by means of the presence of Brazilian engineers just alone as individuals, taking their potential to develop the engineering of other foreigner centers.

Esta dissertação tem um caráter profundamente exploratório, buscando estabelecer hipóteses consistentes sobre o processo de transferência do desenvolvimento de alguns produtos da montadora para seus fornecedores, avaliando o aproveitamento e o aprimoramento das capacidades da engenharia nacional, assim como fatores que facilitam ou dificultam este movimento. Compõe-se de duas partes interligadas e complementares: uma revisão teórica e um estudo de campo. Para estabelecer a base teórica da investigação, foram levantados diversos estudos, em particular sobre montadoras e sobre fornecedores, sendo a seguir definido o problema a ser estudado. Considerando a complexidade do problema da pesquisa, situado em um universo dinâmico, com entrelaçamentos que dificultam identificar o foco de forma isolada, foram definidas as hipóteses preliminares, definindo-se também a adequação da utilização de dois procedimentos empíricos principais. Um procedimento foi o levantamento de fontes documentais do setor, trabalhando com dados qualitativos e quantitativos, inclusive estatísticos. O outro procedimento foi o estudo de múltiplos casos; foram estudados os casos de duas sistemistas, sendo um referente aos sistemas de distribuição eletro-eletrônicos (\"chicotes\") e outro ao painel completo de veículos, sendo que ambos se desdobram, internamente, em subcasos. Apresenta-se como vem ocorrendo o desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria automotiva, suas fases e desafios. São abordadas algumas práticas de desenvolvimento de produtos mundiais e o papel dos fornecedores. É tratado o desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria automotiva brasileira, buscando compreender o do papel da engenharia dos fornecedores com presença local e suas relações, sempre que possível apresentando paralelos com a indústria global e suas dinâmicas de desenvolvimento. Os estudos de caso são utilizados para analisar algumas áreas em que os fornecedores locais têm competências e autonomia, do ponto de vista técnico, para proceder no desenvolvimento de novos produtos para as montadoras, tanto no Brasil como no exterior. São exploradas as relações entre as empresas, qual a participação da montadora, e quais razões têm favorecido, ou não, o papel local dos fornecedores. É apresentada também uma análise de diferenças e similaridades entre os casos. Os resultados levaram à reelaboração das hipóteses preliminares de forma mais consistente, e sinalizaram que, embora a utilização da engenharia nacional dos fornecedores venha aumentando, poderia ser melhor utilizada, dando ao Brasil um papel mais relevante frente a países de engenharia emergente. Contudo, os casos apontam que, ao contrário, essa competência da engenharia local tem sido utilizada fora do país, mas apenas pela presença de engenheiros brasileiros individualmente, levando seu potencial para desenvolver a engenharia de outros centros estrangeiros. / This master thesis is profoundly exploratory, in search of establishing consistent hypotheses on the transference of the product development process of some products from the OEMs to their suppliers, evaluating the good use and improvement of national engineering competencies, as well as factors which facilitate or difficult such a movement. It is composed by two interconnected and complementary parts: a theoretical revision and a field study. Aiming at to establish the theoretical basis to the investigation, a variety of studies has been gathered and studied, particularly those related to OEMs and suppliers, making then possible to define the problem to be studied. Considering the complexity of the problem, posed in a dynamic universe, presenting interconnections which difficult to isolate the focus of the research, preliminary hypotheses were proposed, also defining the use of two main empirical proceedings. One is the search for documental sources attached to the automotive sector, working with qualitative and quantitative data, including statistical information. The other is multiple-case studies, taking the cases of two systems suppliers, one related to the electricalelectronic distribution systems (wiring harness) and the other to vehicles cockpit panel; both of them are multiplied in sub-cases. It is presented how the product development in the automotive sector has been occurring, its phases and challenges. Some of the practices in the development of world products and the role of suppliers are also approached. The product development in the Brazilian automotive sector was also approached, aiming at bringing some contribution to the understanding of the role of the suppliers engineering that has local presence and their relations, also presenting possible parallels to the global industry and its dynamics of development. The case studies were directed to analyze some areas in which the local suppliers have competencies and autonomy, in technical terms, to proceed in developing new products to the OEMs, in Brazil and abroad. Then this study seeks to explore the relations among companies, what is the participation of the OEMs, and what reasons have favored, or not, the local role of the suppliers. An analysis of differences and similarities between the cases is presented as well. The results guided to the reelaboration of the preliminary hypotheses into more consistent ones. They also pointed out that, although the good use of national engineering has been improving, it might be better used in the development of products, promoting a better role for Brazil in face of countries with emergent engineering. However, the cases point out to the fact that the national engineering competencies have been more used by means of the presence of Brazilian engineers just alone as individuals, taking their potential to develop the engineering of other foreigner centers.

Globe Group, a company under the brand Greenworks Tools, is one of the industry leaders in battery-powered outdoor equipment, developing tools that deliver the performance of a gasoline-powered tool without the hassle and emissions associated with it. Gasoline-powered tools are still prevalent in the field of arboriculture where arborists work daily with chainsaws while performing tree felling and pruning. Now a new type of chainsaw is in development by Globe Group which is characterized by its lightweight and large battery capacity, which brings extraordinary battery life. This feature is possible by redesigning the chainsaw to support an external battery, which is housed in a separate battery pack instead of placing the battery directly inside the tool. The aim of the project is to adapt and design the battery pack for arborists by using a user-centered design approach with focus on ergonomics. This is done by having a close cooperation with the arborists during the whole project, from pre-study to final concept evaluation, to explore and fulfill the needs of the user. By using a wide range of research and design methods, a final concept is developed to reach the needs of the user and company. / Globe Group, som står bakom varumärket Greenworks Tools, är branschledande inom batteridriven utomhusutrustning och levererar verktyg med samma prestandanivå som hos ett bensindrivet verktyg, fast utan utsläpp och krångel som det typiskt är förknippat med. Bensindrivna verktyg är fortfarande mycket vanliga inom trädvårdssektorn där arborister arbetar med motorsågar dagligen vid trädfällning och grenbeskärning. Nu är en ny typ av motorsåg under utveckling av Globe Group som kännetecknas av sin lätta vikt och stora batterikapacitet, vilket ger extra lång batterilivslängd. Denna kombination är möjligt genom att ha ett externt batteri vilket är huserat i ett separat batteripaket istället för att placera batteriet direkt in i verktyget. Projektets mål är att anpassa och konstruera batterifickan specifikt för målgruppen arborister genom att använda en användarcentrerad designapproach med fokus på ergonomi. Detta görs genom ett nära samarbete med arboristerna under hela projektets gång, från förstudie till utvärdering av resultat, för att utforska och uppfylla användarens behov. Ett slutligt koncept är utvecklat för att tillgodose både användarens och företagets behov/krav.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.