Background. Much research suggests that physical activity has important health benefits, yet many young people are disengaged with various forms of exercise. In light of this claim, various policies and interventions have been implemented to promote physical activity but, to date, have been largely unsuccessful and the target of some criticism. Reasons why many young people are relatively physically inactive are not well understood and current explanations rarely attend to sociological issues. Aims. The aims of this study were twofold; (1) to investigate the social processes which influence physical activity and health for young people, (2) to investigate ways to better promote physical activity and therefore reduce health inequalities. Methods. Twenty-nine participants aged 13-14 from 4 different schools in England took part in the study. Purposeful recruitment ensured sufficient diversity across gender, ethnicity, social class, ability, body shape, and self-reported physical activity. Over a seven-month period, various qualitative methods were used including focus groups, ethnomethodology and visual methods. Salient social theories were used to interpret the data. Findings. The interpretation of data resulted in four main findings; (1) health is a socially constructed concept that young people understand through particular structures of language, visual imagery and knowledge; (2) physical activity is sometimes seen as a purposeful practice aimed at increasing physical capital through burning calories and turning fat into muscle; (3) engagement in physical activity is often contingent on whether specific activities are directly endorsed/rejected by peers as socially acceptable/unacceptable activities; (4) physical activities and sedentary activities can be seen as social practices that young people take part in as part of a system of habitual dispositions. Implications. In order to reduce health inequalities, physical activity promoters might better account for these social processes. Suggestions for policy and practice include (1) using intervention strategies that move beyond individualistic conceptions of behaviour, (2) introducing a new vocabulary and imagery to the understanding of health, (3) reducing physical capital disparities in spaces where physical activity takes place, (4) encouraging and accommodating friendship groups in intervention designs, and (5) providing activities and spaces where young people s habituses can be enacted. Conclusions. Various social processes affect the extent and type of physical activity that young people engage in. Strategies to promote physical activity ought to account for these social processes. Sociologically informed qualitative research methods can contribute to knowledge in the field of physical activity and health.

The thesis focuses on drama education methods and their use in health education classes. The thesis defines the basic definitions of pedagogy, teacher's personality, drama education and health education. The more extensive part deals with drama education, its aims, methods and techniques. Emphasis is placed on elaboration of specific methods and techniques of drama education. The aim of this work was to find out the drama education teachers perspective on the advantages and disadvantages of the application of its methods. The research was conducted in the structured interview form. It can be stated that the research assumptions were confirmed by the research. The most used drama education methods include the playing in role method and improvisation. According to teachers, the benefits of using drama education methods are efficiency and popularity among pupils. The time requirements for implementation and the time required for preparation are the main drawbacks. Part of the thesis is a project focusing on drama education methods and their use in middle school health education class. The project deals with the basic knowledge necessary for project creation and several specific recommendations for the drama education methods used in lessons. Five specific topics are proposed and developed within this...

Lärande är centralt för både den enskilda individen och samhället. Ur ett hälsopedagogiskt perspektiv är det betydelsefullt att lärare utvecklar sitt eget lärande. Detta för att kunna stödja elever till att nå resultat och samtidigt själva, trivas i sitt yrke. Syftet med studien var att belysa hur lärare uppfattar det egna lärandet i förhållande till sin profession och om lärandet kan vara hälsofrämjande. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgår ifrån ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv med känsla av sammanhang som teori, sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande och livslångt lärande. Studien tog sin utgångspunkt i ett hermeneutiskt synsätt med en abduktiv ansats. Empirin har samlats in med en kvalitativ design i form av strukturerade intervjuer med tio grundskollärare, årskurs 5-9. Intervjuerna har analyserats med en kvalitativ analys som skapade fyra teman och åtta kategorier. Resultatet visar att lärarna uppfattar sitt lärande som en ständigt pågående process. Lärandet sker aktivt som ett resultat av det sociala sammanhang läraren befinner sig i. Andra lärare och elever var viktigast för lärares lärande tillsammans med egna personliga intressen och visioner om yrkesrollen. Det finns många möjligheter och hinder till lärares lärande varav lärargemenskap, praktisk yrkesutveckling och reflektion är framstående möjligheter som överväger alla hinder. / Learning is central for the individual and society. From a health pedagogical perspective, it is important that teachers develop their own learning, to be able to support the students so that they can achieve results and at the same time, thrive in their profession. The purpose of the study was to illustrate how teachers perceive their own learning in relation to their profession and whether the learning can be health-promoting. The study's theoretical frame of reference is based on a health-promoting perspective with the theory Sense of coherence, the Socio-cultural perspective on learning and Lifelong learning. The study was based on a hermeneutic design with an abductive approach. The result has been collected with a qualitative design in the form of structured interviews with ten primary school teachers. The interviews were analyzed with a qualitative analysis that created four themes and eight categories. The results show that teachers perceive their learning as an ongoing process. Learning takes place actively as a result of the social context the teacher is in. Other teachers and students seemed to be most important to teachers' learning process together with their own personal interests and vision of the professional role. There are many opportunities and obstacles to teachers’ learning where teachers’ community, practical professional development and reflection are prominent.

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Syftet med studien var att utifrån behandlarnas erfarenhet på HVB-hem undersöka hur motiverande samtal som ett hälsofrämjande pedagogiskt verktyg är användbart inom missbruksvården för barn och ungdomar på individ- och gruppnivå. I studien speglas teoretiska utgångspunkter såsom hälsa som kontinuum och Illeris lärandemodell, detta bidrog till att kopplingar kunde dras mellan resultatet och teorierna. Fortsättningsvis genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem olika behandlare som arbetar i olika kommuner på HVB-hem för barn och ungdomar med missbruksproblematik. Studiens resultat visade på att det kan bli svårigheter med motiverande samtal på gruppnivå eftersom det kan bidra till att passiva klienter blir desto mer passiva, vilket inte hjälper deras beteendeförändring. Resultatet visade även på att en ungdom lätt kan ta på sig ledarrollen vilket kan påverka utbyte av erfarenheter och därav hindrar lärandet. Däremot visade resultatet att motiverande samtal på individnivå kan bidra till motivation, självinsikt och individuellt lärande som således kan leda till hälsosamma livsstilsförändringar. Fortsättningsvis visade resultatet vikten av hur behandlaren stöttar individen under processen för att beteendeförändring ska bli lyckad. Slutsatsen som dras är att motiverande samtal som metod på individnivå är en fungerande metod på ungdomar som vill komma ifrån sitt missbruk och påbörja en livsstilsförändring. För att motiverande samtal på gruppnivå ska fungera som ett pedagogiskt verktyg krävs en tydlig struktur och en god relation till barn ungdomar. / The purpose of this study was to examine how therapist’s working at HVB homes in Sweden experience motivational conversations as a health-promoting pedagogical tool is useful in substance abuse care for children and young people at individual- and group level. The study reflects various theoretical starting points, such as health as a continuum and Illeri's learning model, which contributed to the fact that connections could be drawn between the results and the theories. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five different therapists who works in different municipalities at HVB homes for children and young people with substance abuse problems. There may be difficulties with motivated conversations at group level because it can contribute to passive clients becoming all the more passive, which does not help their behavior change. The results also showed that a young person can easily take on the leadership role, which can affect the exchange of experiences and inhibit the learning. On the other hand, the results showed that motivational conversations at individual level can contribute to motivation, self-insight and individual learning, which can thus lead to healthy lifestyle changes. Furthermore, the results showed the importance of how the therapist supports the individual during the process for behavior change to be successful. The conclusion that is drawn is that motivational conversation as a method at the individual level is a working method for young people who want to be free from their addiction and start a lifestyle change. In order for motivational conversations at group level to function as a pedagogical tool, a clear structure and a good relationship with the children and young people is required.