As the first analytic history of Ethiopian medicine, this thesis explores the interchange between the institutional development of a national medical network and the lived experiences of women as patients and practitioners of medicine from the years 1940-1975. Using birth and gender as mechanisms to explore the nation's public health history allows me to pursue alternative threads of enquiry: I ask questions not only about state activities and policy pursuits, but also about the relevance and acceptance of those actions in the lives of the citizenry. This thesis is also the first medical history of a non-colonial African country, opening up new questions about the role of non-Western actors in the expansion of Western medicine in the twentieth century. I explore the ways in which the exceptional history of Ethiopia can be couched in existing narratives of African modernity, medicine, and birth history. Issues of local agency and the creation of new social elites in the pursuit of modernity are all pertinent to the case of Ethiopia. Through both extensive archival research and oral interviews of nearly 200 participants in Haile Selassie's medical campaigns, I argue that the extent to which the imperial medical project in Ethiopia 'succeeded' was highly predicated on pre-existing conditions of gender, class, and geography.

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the risk within the African American population of developing diabetes, its complications, and the benefits associated with timely management and treatment of diabetes. The study also looked at how such knowledge may be related to preventive health behaviors. The Risk Perception Survey-Developing Diabetes and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System questionnaires were employed in this study. The theoretical basis of this study was the health belief model. This was a cross sectional, quantitative study with 126 participants. Descriptive analysis was employed to calculate the mean scores and frequencies across each sub-scale of the scoring tool. Among the participants, only 28.57% were found to be knowledgeable of the risk factors of diabetes, and 74.60% were found to be knowledgeable of the benefits of treating diabetes. Although 75.40%, 61.11%, and 64.29% of participants were found to be knowledgeable of healthy dieting, physical exercise, and body weight control, respectively, fewer than 10% in each group indicated they had implemented any of such behaviors. These data suggest a lack of knowledge of the risk factors of diabetes amongst this population. These results remained unchanged even when considering those with diabetes and their counterparts without the disease separately and also across the different socio-economic groups of the sample. The outcomes of this study may enhance understanding of diabetes among the African American population. Similarly, the above findings might be able to facilitate interventions that promote diabetes management within this population.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1934.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1934.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1934.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1934.

Bakgrund: Distriktssköterskans arbetsområde syftar till att förebygga och främja hälsa. Henkan verka inom flera olika områden som primärvård, hemsjukvård och elevhälsovård.Utgångspunkten i distriktssköterskans förhållningssätt är att se till hela individen och beaktamänniskan ur ett hälso-, socioekonomiskt och sociokulturellt perspektiv. Inom barnhälsovårdenoch i elevhälsans medicinska insats är uppdraget att stödja både barn, unga och föräldrar samtatt genomföra hälsoundersökningar och vaccinationer. Under de senaste 40 åren har överviktblivit till en pandemi och i Sverige är den största orsaken till detta ohälsosamma kostvanor ochminskad fysisk aktivitet. År 2017 var siffran på övervikt hos barn 0–5 år 38 miljoner.Konsekvenserna av övervikt kan bli ödesdigra och leda till bland annat diabetes typ 2, olikaformer av cancer och för tidig död. Syfte: Att beskriva distriktssköterskans hälsopreventivaåtgärder hos barn och ungdomar med övervikt. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie somgenomfördes med hjälp av Polit & Becks (2017) modell. Databaserna där artiklar söktes varCINAHL och PubMed. Data analyserade med manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatetutgjordes av fyra kategorier; Identifiera överviktsproblem, Ge stöd, Ge information samtGenomföra interventioner med två underkategorier; Kostintervention och Motionsintervention. Slutsats: Att prata om övervikt och fetma ansågs som utmanande och komplext. Åtgärder somför att främja hälsa och förhindra övervikt krävde föräldrars närvaro och engagemang. Ett stortbehov av utbildning bland distriktssköterskor framkom. / Introduction: The work of a district nurse aims to prevent and promote healthcare issuse. Thedistrict nurse can work in different areas such as primary care, home healthcare, childrenhealthcare and school healthcare. The district nurse has to see the whole person and think aboutthe person from a health, socio-economic and socio-cultural perspective. In child healthcareand in school healthcare it is important to support both children and parents as well as tocomplete the health examinations and vaccinations. Over the past 40 years, obesity has becomea pandemic. In Sweden the biggest reason is unhealthy eating habits and reduced physicalactivity. In year 2017, the figure for obesity in children 0-5 years old was 38 million. Theconsequences of being overweight can be fatal and lead to, among other things, type 2 diabetes,various forms of cancer and premature death. Aim: To describe the districtnurse’s preventivehealth care with obese children and adolecents. Method: A systematic literature study usingPolit & Beck's (2017) model. The study is based on articles found in CINAHL and PubMed.Data was analyzed by a manifest content analysis. Results: The results revealed four categoriesin which the district nurse works to promote health with children at risk of developing obesity:identifying obesity problems, providing support, providing information and providing advice.Under the fourth theme two subcategories emerged that specified what the informationcontained: dietary intervention and exercise intervention. Conclusion: Talking aboutoverweight and obesity was considered challenging and complex. Efforts to promote health andprevent obesity required a parent that was participated and dedicated. A great need for educationamong district nurses revealed.

Bakgrund: Sömnens påverkan på viktkontroll har större betydelse än vad forskarna tidigare trott. God sömn innebär återhämtning av livsnödvändiga funktioner och är en grund för god hälsa. Studier visar att människor sover mindre idag jämfört med tidigare. Sömnens påverkan på viktkontrollen behöver lyftas fram i sjuksköterskans hälsopreventiva arbete för att främja hälsa. Syfte: Att belysa sömnens relevans för viktkontroll hos medelålders vuxna. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie gjordes där elva kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar ligger till grund för resultatet. Resultat: Kort sömnlängd ger ökad sannolikhet för fetma vilket kan ge rubbad hormonbalans med förändrad aptitreglering och viktökning som följd. Osammanhängande sömn är förenat med högre body mass index och ökad risk för fetma. Mest gynnsam sömnlängd för optimal viktkontroll är sju till åtta timmar. Slutsats: Fler studier behövs för att förstå sambandet mellan sömn och viktkontroll. Kvalitativa studier där patienternas upplevelser belyses är önskvärda. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att försöka skapa ett bra möte och samtal om sömnens betydelse för viktkontroll. Ett förtroendefullt samtal där öppenhet och lyhördhet är grundpelare. Under samtalet kan sjuksköterskan inta en stödjande och rådgivande roll där ett gemensamt beslut kan resultera i en förståelse för sambandet mellan sömn och viktkontroll. / Background: The effects of sleep on weight control is more important than researchers previously believed. Good sleep means recovery of essential life functions and is a foundation for good health. Studies show that less time is spent sleeping today than before. Therefore the importance of sleep needs to be raised in the health preventive work of the nurse to promote health. Aim: To illuminate the relevance of sleep in weight control in middle-aged adults. Method: A literature review was done where eleven quantitative scholarly articles form the foundation for the result. Result: Short sleep duration will lead to an increased likelihood of obesity which can lead to disorder in the hormone balance with changed appetite regulation and an increase in body weight as a result. Fragmented sleep is related to increased body mass index and a higher risk of obesity. The most favourable sleep duration for optimal weight control is seven to eight hours. Conclusion: More studies are needed to understand the relationship between sleep and weight control. Qualitative studies where the patients ́ own experiences are illuminated. The nurse has an important role to create a good meeting and a dialogue where openness and sensitivity are essential pillars. The nurse can take a supportive and advisory role, where a common decision can result in an understanding in the association between sleep and weight control.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

[pt] Mudanças no perfil demográfico da população representam um dos principais desafios em regiões em desenvolvimento, como é o caso do Brasil. Aumentos na expectativa de vida também levam a uma alta prevalência de doenças neurodegenerativas como a demência, com impactos econômicos e sociais. Estes dados ressaltam a necessidade urgente do desenvolvimento de propostas baseadas em evidências e validadas para a manutenção da saúde cognitiva em idosos, com bom custo-benefício e de larga aplicabilidade nos sistemas de saúde. Desta forma, este estudo buscou fornecer evidências para guiar a construção de um novo programa para manutenção da saúde cognitiva em idosos saudáveis, a partir de uma meta-revisão sistemática e da condução de grupos focais. Ambas as contribuições ressaltaram a necessidade de ampliar investigações sobre intervenções de estimulação cognitiva para idosos saudáveis, de acordo com as lacunas predominantes na literatura e a demanda da população-alvo. / [en] Changes in the demographic profile of the population represent one of the main challenges in developing regions, such as Brazil. Increases in life expectancy also lead to a high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, with economic and social impacts. These data highlight the urgent need for the development of evidence-based and validated proposals for maintaining cognitive health in older adults, with cost-effectiveness and broad applicability in healthcare systems. Thus, this study aimed to provide evidence to guide the development of a new program for maintaining cognitive health in healthy older adults, based on a systematic meta-review and focus group analysis. Both contributions further endorse the need for expanded investigations into cognitive stimulation interventions for healthy older adults, corroborating prevailing gaps in the literature and echoing the demand from the target population.