Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) är en uppmärksamhetsstörning med hyperaktivitet som drabbar cirka 3-5 procent av barn i skolåldern. Skolan har inflytande på barns liv och det finns ett samband mellan elevers psykiska hälsa och skolresultat. Skolsköterskor har en viktig roll som hälsofrämjare, särskilt då barn med ADHD har ökad risk för ohälsa och riskbeteende.   Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva skolsköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta med åtgärder för barn med ADHD. Metod: Studien har genomförts med kvalitativ metod. Studien är baserad på åtta telefonintervjuer med skolsköterskor, vilka har analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fem kategorier framkom ur analysen, vilka beskriver skolsköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta med åtgärder för barn med ADHD; Att samverka genom dialog, Att anpassa skolmiljö, Att vägleda och ge råd till föräldrar och barn, Att observera och genomföra kontroller samt Att arbeta specifikt hälsofrämjande. Slutsats: Skolsköterskor har erfarenheter av olika typer av åtgärder för barn med ADHD. De betonar särskilt betydelsen av att uppmärksamma barn med ADHD tidigt samt hälsosamtalet. / Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that affects approximately 3-5 percent of school-age children. The school has an important influence on children's lives and there is a correlation between students' mental health and school performance. School nurses have an important role as health promoters, especially when children with ADHD are at increased risk of ill health and risky behavior.   Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the school nurses´ experiences of working with measures for children with ADHD.   Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative method. The study is based on telephone interviews with eight school nurses, which have been analyzed using qualitative content analysis.   Results: Five categories emerged from the analysis, which describes the school nurses´ experiences of working with various measures for children with ADHD; Working together through dialogue, to adapt the school environment, provide guidance and advice to parents and children, to observe and implement controls and to work specifically with health promotion.   Conclusion: School nurses have experience of different types of measures for children with ADHD. They stressed in particular the importance of paying attention to children with ADHD and regular health discussions.

Up to now the issue of the safety and healthy is important in this sociality. More and more young people first select the high economical scale, high popularity, high potential and good system company when entering the work place. The primary reason is that those large enterprises provider good salary, good welfare and upgrade overall value by myself. The most important that the large enterprises obtain the TOSHMS certified and have the perfect occupational safety and healthy management system. In 2010 the Council of Labor Affairs has a mission to enhance the quality of its manpower, to create a friendly working environment, to promote harmonious labor relations, to achieve the dignity of labor and labor to constract equality, human, safety, dignity of working life. In recently years the workplace health promotion activity, employee health concepts into the workplace, it is the best choice for creating a friendly workplace. Moreover, if it can improve employee health through the means of achieving the purpose of workplace safety, not only to benefit both employers and employees, the public is in line with national expectations. Therefore, the research led by the research variables of safety leadership, safety climate, workplace health promotion measures, the Occupational Safety and Health performance, through TOSHMS certified institutions for the research to explore adding workplace health promotion measures on occupational safety and health performance is there a better show. So, the research used an A volumn with multiple B volumns way of sending survey questionnaires 140 volumns of A (the occupational safety and healthy performance of the enterprises), 841 volumns of B (the view of employees for safety leadership, safety climate and workplace health promotion measures). After recycled the valid questionnaires were 50 volumns of A, 266 volumns of B and analysis was conducted via Confirmatory Factor Analysis, CFA, Descriptive Statistics, Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and so on. Research results reveal that safety leadership and saety climate in the occupational safety and health performance has significant positive impact and safety climate has mediation affection between safety leadership and the occupational safety and healthy performance. Other, workplace health promotion measures and safety climate in the interaction of occupational health and workplace health promotion measures has moderating affection between safety climate and the occupational safety and healthy performance. The contributions of this research include providing Taiwan enterprises with a reference for development strategy on workplace health promotion measures, and to apply the knowledge to labor-related fields and enterprise practices.

Bakgrund: Fetma bland barn och ungdomar är ett av de allvarligaste folkhälsoproblemen under 2000 talet. Den globala förekomsten av fetma hos barn har ökat anmärkningsvärt de senaste decennierna, och under de sista 30 åren har förekomsten dubblerats. Samhällets utveckling, livsstil och levnadsvanor, det genetiska arvet och socioekonomisk bakgrund är faktorer som visar samband med övervikt och fetma hos barn. Statistik och forskning visar att tidiga insatser är mest effektiva mot övervikt och fetma hos barn. Barnhälsovården (BVC), skolan och tandvården är arenor som möter alla barn och därför viktiga i det förebyggande och hälsofrämjande arbetet, för att utvecklingen av övervikt och fetma hos barn ska bromsas. Hur de olika yrkesprofessionerna arbetar med frågan i Värmland är dock mindre känt och behöver synliggöras samt undersökas vidare. Syftet: Var att undersöka hur olika yrkesprofessioner i Värmlands län arbetar med övervikt och fetma hos barn. Metod: En kvalitativ metod valdes och sex yrkesprofessioner som hade olika anställningar kopplade till arbetet med övervikt och fetma hos barn i Värmlands län intervjuades. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades, därefter genomfördes analysen med meningskoncentrering.  Resultat: Analysen av intervjumaterialet resulterade i två teman: ”Folkhälsoarenor som möter barn” samt ”Pågående arbete och förebyggande insatser” med tillhörande underteman. De olika teman som framkom från analysen, påvisar bland annat hur, samt på olika sätt arbetet med övervikt och fetma hos barn i Värmland genomförs. Av resultatet framkom bland annat att kommuner behöver tydligare riktlinjer i arbetet med övervikt och fetma eftersom arbetet bedrivs på olika sätt men att resurser och ekonomiska medel är avgörande faktorer. Vidare framkom även att det fanns indikationer på att övervikt och fetma kunde kopplas samman med skam och skuld, inte minst eftersom barn med övervikt och fetma ofta har föräldrar med liknande problematik, vilket behövde förebyggas än mer framgent genom att uppmärksamma området och sprida kunskap om det. Slutsats: BVC, skolan och tandvården var betydelsefulla arenor i arbetet med övervikt och fetma hos barn, eftersom de träffade alla barn och barnens föräldrar. Det förebyggande arbetet ansågs viktigt eftersom tidiga insatser upplevdes ge mest effekt i arbetet med övervikt och fetma hos barn. Det framkom vidare att det behövde satsas mer på området och att samhället som helhet behövde involveras i en större grad. Utifrån ett folkhälsoperspektiv behövs fler studier för att folkhälsan hos hela befolkningen ska bli bättre, samt för att minska ojämlikheten. / Background: Obesity among children and adolescents is one of the most serious public health problems in the 2000s. The global prevalence of childhood obesity has increased remarkably in recent decades and has doubled in the last 30 years. The development of society, lifestyle and lifestyle, the genetic heritage and socio-economic background are factors that show an association with overweight and obesity in children. Statistics and research show that early intervention is most effective against overweight and obesity in children. Child health care (BVC), school and dental care are arenas that meet all children and are therefore important in the preventive and health-promoting work to slow down the development of overweight and obesity in children. How the various professions work with the issue in Värmland is, however, less known and needs to be made visible and further investigated. Aim: Where to investigate how different professions in Värmland County work with overweight and obesity in children. Method: A qualitative method was chosen and six professions that had different employments linked to the work with overweight and obesity in children in Värmland County were interviewed. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, then the analysis was performed with concentration of opinion. Result: The analysis of the interview material resulted in two themes: "Public health arenas that meet children" and "Ongoing work and preventive measures" with associated sub-themes. The various themes that emerged from the analysis show, among other things, how, and in different ways, the work with overweight and obesity in children in Värmland is carried out. The results showed, among other things, that municipalities need clearer guidelines in the work with overweight and obesity because the work is conducted in different ways, but that resources and financial resources are decisive factors. Furthermore, it also emerged that there were indications that overweight and obesity could be linked to shame and guilt, not least because overweight and obese children often have parents with similar problems, which needed to be prevented even more in the future by paying attention to the area and spreading knowledge about it.  Conclusion: BVC, the school and the dental care were considered important arenas in the work, as they met all the children and the children's parents. The preventive work was considered important because early interventions were perceived to have the most effect in the work with overweight and obesity in children. It also emerged that more needed to be invested in the area and that society needed to be involved to a greater degree. From a public health perspective, more studies are needed to improve the public health of the entire population, and to reduce inequality.

Introduktion: Den äldre befolkningen ökar och många känner sig ensamma och isolerade. Det är en folkhälsoutmaning att hitta lösningar till detta problem då ofrivillig ensamhet kan leda till psykisk ohälsa. Ett av de globala målen är att bekämpa ojämlikhet i hälsa, så genom att samhället arbetar med preventiva insatser i gruppen äldre kan det bidra till ökad jämlikhet i samhället. Syfte: Att beskriva de samhälleliga insatserna som kan göras för att motverka ofrivillig ensamhet hos äldre. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 20 vetenskapliga originalartiklar som inhämtats från databaserna PubMed, Medline Ebsco och CINAHL. Artiklarna analyserades med en tematisk analys. De mest använda sökorden var elderly people, loneliness, prevention, intervention och effective. Resultat: Åtta teman på vad som motverkar ofrivillig ensamhet återfanns och som grupperades i tre kategorier, samtliga teman var socialt stöd, digital teknik, kontaktskapande sällskap, fysisk aktivitet, primärvård, sociala interaktioner, psykiskt välbefinnande och digitala sociala interventioner. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att samhällets insatser bidrar till att minska ofrivillig ensamhet och isolering bland äldre. Samhället behöver också utveckla arbetet och vara mer lyhörd enligt de äldres önskemål. Fler studier behövs, speciellt hur digitaliseringen kan utvecklas och användes till de äldres fördel. / Introduction: The elderly population is increasing and many feel lonely and isolated. It is a public health challenge to find solutions to this problem as involuntary loneliness can lead to mental illness. One of the global goals is to fight inequality in health, so by society working with preventive measures in the group of older people, it can contribute to increased equality in society. Aim: To describe the social efforts that can be made to counteract involuntary loneliness in the elderly. Method: A literature study based on 20 original scientific articles obtained from the databases PubMed, Medline Ebsco and CINAHL. The articles were analyzed with a thematic analysis. The most used keywords were elderly people, loneliness, prevention, intervention and effective. Results: Eight themes of counteracting involuntary loneliness were found and grouped into three categories, all themes were social support, digital technology, contact-creating societies, physical activity, primary care, social interactions, mental well-being and digital social interventions. Conclusion: The results of the study show that society's efforts contribute to reducing involuntary loneliness and isolation among the elderly. Society also needs to develop its work and be more responsive to the wishes of the elderly. More studies are needed, especially how digitization can be developed and used to the benefit of the elderly.