This research explored whether the effectiveness of leadership styles differs in safety-critical contexts compared to contexts where safety is less salient. The existing leadership literature lacks consideration of the context in which leadership takes place. Leadership styles that are valued and effective in one work context, might be less desired and less effective in another context. Using Bass’s (1985) transformational-transactional leadership framework, the present research argues that the extent to which safety is salient within a work environment, impacts on the effectiveness of transformational, transactional and passive leadership. Existing leadership research has focused on transformational leadership, but has paid little attention to transactional leadership. The present research argues that transactional leadership might be effective in safety-critical contexts, but might be less effective in contexts where safety is not salient. In work contexts, where employees are exposed to hazards and there is a high risk for injury, directive leadership practices, such as vigilantly monitoring performance and proactively correcting mistakes (i.e., transactional leadership), might be important for effective leadership. However, if safety is not salient within a work environment, then these leader behaviours might be less relevant. In addition, the research explored the competency of leader flexibility, which refers to leaders’ ability to adjust their behaviour to the requirements of a certain setting. Two questionnaire studies were conducted to investigate the research objectives. In both studies three aspects of safety salience were explored, i.e., level of hazard exposure, likelihood for injury and impact on safety of others. In study 1, the sample consisted of participants with leadership responsibilities who work in contexts with varying degrees of safety salience. Results showed that leaders’ perceived effectiveness of transformational-transactional leadership, and the frequency to which they adopt these two leadership styles, differed in dependence on the level of safety salience. Hazard exposure moderated the relationship between transactional leadership and safety incidents, indicating that transactional leadership is associated with lower incident rates if hazard exposure is high, but not if hazard exposure is low. Leader flexibility showed a significant relationship with leader self-efficacy and team performance whilst controlling for transformational-transactional leadership. In study 2, a two-source design was used where subordinates rated their leader’s behaviour and leaders rated their subordinates’ job and safety performance. The research was conducted in two host organisations; an oil and gas service provider and a food manufacturing company. Safety salience measures were investigated as team-level moderators. Results showed several cross-level interactions, which suggested that team-level safety salience impacts on the influence of transactional, transformational and passive leadership on safety and job performance. The research made an important contribution by merging the transformational-transactional leadership framework with contingency views of leadership (i.e., safety salience as a contextual attribute) and by considering leader flexibility as a leader trait in addition to leader behaviours.

High-risk organizations are continuously striving to minimize risks and establish a safe working environment. While technology and high standards are crucial, a core aspect of an effective safety management system lies in safe human behaviour and this constitutes the main theme for this thesis. In order to assess the state of safety of an organization from a behavioural perspective, safety compliance (SC) and safety citizenship behaviour (SCB) were measured through interviews and quantitative studies with an emphasis on understanding the key aspects of leadership style and associated mediating factors that influence employees' safety compliance and safety citizenship behaviour.

Up to now the issue of the safety and healthy is important in this sociality. More and more young people first select the high economical scale, high popularity, high potential and good system company when entering the work place. The primary reason is that those large enterprises provider good salary, good welfare and upgrade overall value by myself. The most important that the large enterprises obtain the TOSHMS certified and have the perfect occupational safety and healthy management system. In 2010 the Council of Labor Affairs has a mission to enhance the quality of its manpower, to create a friendly working environment, to promote harmonious labor relations, to achieve the dignity of labor and labor to constract equality, human, safety, dignity of working life. In recently years the workplace health promotion activity, employee health concepts into the workplace, it is the best choice for creating a friendly workplace. Moreover, if it can improve employee health through the means of achieving the purpose of workplace safety, not only to benefit both employers and employees, the public is in line with national expectations. Therefore, the research led by the research variables of safety leadership, safety climate, workplace health promotion measures, the Occupational Safety and Health performance, through TOSHMS certified institutions for the research to explore adding workplace health promotion measures on occupational safety and health performance is there a better show. So, the research used an A volumn with multiple B volumns way of sending survey questionnaires 140 volumns of A (the occupational safety and healthy performance of the enterprises), 841 volumns of B (the view of employees for safety leadership, safety climate and workplace health promotion measures). After recycled the valid questionnaires were 50 volumns of A, 266 volumns of B and analysis was conducted via Confirmatory Factor Analysis, CFA, Descriptive Statistics, Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and so on. Research results reveal that safety leadership and saety climate in the occupational safety and health performance has significant positive impact and safety climate has mediation affection between safety leadership and the occupational safety and healthy performance. Other, workplace health promotion measures and safety climate in the interaction of occupational health and workplace health promotion measures has moderating affection between safety climate and the occupational safety and healthy performance. The contributions of this research include providing Taiwan enterprises with a reference for development strategy on workplace health promotion measures, and to apply the knowledge to labor-related fields and enterprise practices.

Even though safety culture in health care has been on the agenda for more than a decade, the implementations have been difficult. The aim of this study was to out of the sensemaking perspective, examine the process behind implementing safety culture. The present study tested a hypothetical model where open communication, clear information and leader safety attitude predict reporting incidents (part of safety culture) which in turn mediate to safety performance. Survey data was obtained from 104 employees at a Swedish hospital which has tried to implement safety culture recently. To test the model, structural equation modeling was used. Results showed a strong model fit and all factors predicted reporting incidents. Reporting incidents predicted safety performance and mediated between the predictors and safety performance. Thus, in line with theoretical background all three predictors seem to be important in the implementation process of safety culture.

Denna kandidatuppsats syftade till att mäta säkerhetsklimatet bland ledarna i en organisation verkandes inom elbranschen och jämföra detta med branschgenomsnittet samt andra branscher. Vidare undersöktes säkerhetsklimatet i relation till safety performance inom organisationen. Studien syftade även till att finna samband och skillnader relaterade till upplevelsen av klimatet som baseras på faktorer såsom individens erfarenheter och sociala omgivning. Dessa faktorer låg till grund för kategorierna ålder, år i organisationen och yrkesbefattning. Frågeställningar uppsatsen ämnade att besvara var: Skiljer sig denna organisations resultat jämfört med andra branscher? Hur ser sambanden ut mellan ledarnas säkerhetsklimat och safety performance? Finns det samband mellan social omgivningen såsom yrkesbefattning, ålder och antal år i organisationen som påverkar säkerhetsklimatet? För att mäta säkerhetsklimatet användes frågeformuläret nordic safety climate questionnaire (NOSACQ-50). Resultatet visade att organisationens säkerhetsklimat var högt jämfört med andra branscher men likväl fanns ändå rum till förbättring. Vidare visade resultatet att det var möjligt att observera samband mellan det goda säkerhetsklimatet och ökningen av riskobservationer/tillbud. Resultatet påvisade samband mellan lågt antal olyckor och högt upplevt säkerhetsklimat. Den sociala omgivningen kopplat till yrkesbefattningar tenderar att påverka uppfattningen av säkerhetsklimatet. Detta då chef/projektledare och ledande montörer svarar höga värden beroende på om frågorna rör ledning eller medarbetare. Analyserna visade på samband mellan upplevt säkerhetsklimat och erfarenheter, äldre individer skattade säkerhetsklimatet högre samt att de med fem år eller mindre hos organisationen skattade högre. Detta resultat skulle kunna ha influerats av organisationens ökade fokus i nutid gällande säkerhetsarbetet. Slutligen var det 60 respondenter med ledande positioner som deltog i denna studie.

No description available.

Sjuknärvaro är ett globalt fenomen som har negativa följder för individer och organisationer. Under Covid - 19 pandemin har även konsekvenser som smittspridning på grund av sjuknärvaro aktualiserats. Studien syftade till att undersöka hur anställdas attityder, säkerhetsspecifikt ledarskap, anställningsotrygghet, personliga ekonomiska svårigheter och anställningsform kan tänkas leda till anställdas sjuknärvaro. Enkätundersökning (N = 177) visade att normativa attityder till sjuknärvaro kan leda till starkare intentioner för att komma till arbetet trots sjukdom. Emellertid visade studien att det inte fanns något samband mellan individers attityder till smittorisker med Covid -19 på deras arbetsplats och intentioner för sjuknärvaro. Inte heller personliga ekonomiska svårigheter eller anställningsform hade någon relation med intentioner för sjuknärvaro. Anställningsotrygghet var positivt associerad med normativa attityder medan säkerhetsspecifikt ledarskap hade en negativ relation med upplevelser av smittorisker.

This exploratory research is based on an objectivist epistemology with a positivist theoretical perspective that deployed concurrent mixed methods (MMR) design through a quantitative administered survey alongside an in-depth qualitative analysis through interviews exploring the perspectives of leaders on EHS leadership and governance. The research literature review focused on EHS leadership, corporate governance and strongly related topics. This MMR research employed both an expert panel-validated survey and a semi-structured interview protocol which explored 9 themes which emerged from the literature review including EHS/Safety Leadership; Risk Management; Influence and Accountability. Due to pragmatics relating to the number of leaders accessed (N=30) the statistical analysis is limited to descriptive type statistics. Almost all respondents supported the monitoring role of the Board of Directors (BoD), but disagreed that the BoD should play an active role in risk management. Comparisons are drawn between the Oil and Gas and non-Oil and Gas organizations with interesting results especially in matters relating to risk management. Structured thematic content analysis yields that Safety Culture; Leadership; Influence and Accountability were the three leading themes accounting for just over 50% of the responses analysed. Many sub-themes have also emerged and are discussed. A Model of EHS Leadership and Governance was created and is presented which positions themes and factors that influence monitoring of EHS performance and ultimately risk management. The research can be considered as a unique contribution as a relatively small body of currently published work in this subject area, both globally and more so in the GCC.

Abstract The key purpose of this study was to understand and create a model of "safety leadership as a line supervisor's task" based on a wide range of theoretical material. At the same time, an integrated development project examined safety in a target organisation using action-analysis research methods, and this provided new knowledge about the role of the line supervisor as a safety leader. The present study is a scientific report covering the whole research project. The theoretical part of the research examined the background of a zero-accident program and sought to confirm whether it was possible to affect the actions of general management through a systematic and integrated safety program. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the concept of intangible assets is an effective strategy for achieving this end. From this point of view, the zero-accident program can be considered as a project that accumulates intangible assets. In this study special attention was paid to the communication skills of the line supervisor in handling safety management. The theoretical part of the research posited a development model of total safety management, according to which the safety program was carried out in the form of a three-part project. The model also facilitated effective and authentic communication among the whole staff at the target organisation from the very beginning of the project. Furthermore, the model provided a basis for analysing and interpreting the results that were achieved. The development project focused on improving the level of communication regarding safety so as to support the work of the line supervisor. The basic element of safety management as a line manager's task was crystallised in the communication model created at the beginning of the research process. This model was a vital instrument of communication, committing all managers in the target organisation to a shared vision of the safety program. The empirical part of the research provided a context bound, in-depth description of the process of realising a zero-accident program in a large organisation (900 employees). On the basis of the traditional lost time injury frequency rate (LTIF) it could be shown that the development project achieved its challenging goal. At the same time, it showed that thoroughly attending to the improvement of safety matters brings about results. On the basis of other ways of measuring safety performance (process-based performance indicators), there was a positive improvement in almost every case, but it was not usually possible to achieve the strict numerical goals. This study offers new knowledge about the implementation of a long-term development project focused on total safety management, carried out on the basis of a uniquely tailored model. New knowledge was also provided regarding the role of the line supervisor in developing and implementing safety culture. The communication model gathers the basic elements of safety management for which the line supervisor is responsible (risk assessment of one's own work, advanced accident and near-accident investigation, shop floor safety meetings and advanced safety inspection) in a new way. The model clarifies the role of the line supervisor as a safety leader, and at the same time it functions as a concrete tool for enhancing the quality of the line manager's leadership regarding safety. / Tiivistelmä Tämän väitöskirjatutkimuksen keskeisin tavoite oli lisätä ymmärrystä ja mallintaa ilmiötä "turvallisuuden johtaminen esimiestyönä" laajan teoreettisen aineiston pohjalta. Samalla analysoitiin toiminta-analyyttisen tutkimusotteen keinoin kohdeorganisaatiossa toteutettua kokonaisvaltaista turvallisuuden kehittämishanketta ja tuotettiin uutta tietoa esimiehen turvallisuusroolista turvallisuuden johtamisessa. Tämä väitöskirja on koko tutkimushankkeen tieteellinen raportti. Teoriaosassa haettiin syvempää ymmärrystä nolla-tapaturmaohjelman toteuttamisen taustaksi sekä vahvistusta käsitykselle, että systemaattisella ja kokonaisvaltaisella turvallisuusohjelmalla voidaan parhaimmillaan edistää muutakin johtamistoimintaa. Tarkastelussa päädyttiin soveltamaan aineettoman pääoman -käsitettä, jonka näkökulmasta nolla-tapaturmaohjelmaa voidaan selvästi pitää myös yrityksen aineettoman pääoman kartuttamishankkeena. Tässä tarkastelussa korostui erityisesti kommunikatiivisen osaamisen merkitys esimiehen turvallisuuden johtamisessa. Teoriaosan kautta luotiin Turvallisuuden johtamisen kehittämismalli, minkä mukaisesti turvallisuusohjelma toteutettiin kolmena toisiaan läheisesti tukevana osaprojekteina. Malli mahdollisti myös ohjelman tehokkaan ja uskottavan viestinnän koko kohdetehtaan henkilöstölle heti kehittämishankkeen käynnistysvaiheesta lähtien. Lisäksi mallin avulla myöhemmin arvioitiin ja tulkittiin toteutuneita tuloksia. Kehittämishankkeessa keskityttiin siis erityisesti esimiestoimintaa tukevaan turvallisuuskommunikoinnin tehostamiseen. Asia kiteytettiin tutkimusprosessin alkuvaiheen aikana turvallisuuden johtamisen esimiestyön peruselementeistä muodostettuun Kommunikointimalliin. Tämä malli toimi kehittämishankkeen tärkeimpänä kommunikaatiovälineenä, jonka avulla turvallisuusohjelman visioon pystyttiin sitouttamaan koko kohdetehtaan esimieskunta. Empiirinen osa tuotti kontekstisidonnaisen, syvällisen prosessikuvauksen yhden varsin laajan tehtaan (noin 900 henkilöä) nolla-tapaturmaohjelman toteuttamisesta ja siihen liittyvästä analyysistä. Perinteisen tapaturmataajuusmittarin perusteella voidaan todeta kehittämishankeen onnistuneen saavuttaessaan sille asetetun varsin haasteellisen tavoitteen ja samalla osoittaneen, että perusteellinen paneutuminen turvallisuustoiminnan parantamiseen tuottaa tulosta. Muiden mittareiden osalta kehitystä myönteiseen suuntaan tapahtui lähes kaikkien prosessi- ja johtamisjärjestelmäpohjaisten mittareiden osalta, mutta varsinaiset numeraaliset tavoitteet niissä jäivät yleensä saavuttamatta. Tutkimuksen avulla saatiin uutta tietoa turvallisuuden johtamisen kehittämisen pitkäkestoisen kehittämishankkeen läpiviennistä, johon kehitettiin turvallisuuden johtamisen kehittämismalli. Uutta tietoa saatiin myös esimiehen roolista ja toiminnasta turvallisuuskulttuurin kehittämisessä ja kehittämisprosessin läpiviennissä. Kommunikointimalliin koottiin turvallisuuden johtamisen esimiestyön peruselementit (oman työn riskien arviointi, vaaratilanteiden ja tapaturmien tutkiminen, turvallisuustuokioiden pitämien sekä kehittynyt työpaikkatarkastustoiminta) uudella tavalla. Malli selkeyttää linjaesimiehen roolia turvallisuustyössä ja se toimii samalla konkreettisena työkaluna linjaesimiesten johtajuuden ja turvallisuusjohtajuuden tarkastelussa.

This exploratory research is based on an objectivist epistemology with a positivist theoretical perspective that deployed concurrent mixed methods (MMR) design through a quantitative administered survey alongside an in-depth qualitative analysis through interviews exploring the perspectives of leaders on EHS leadership and governance. The research literature review focused on EHS leadership, corporate governance and strongly related topics. This MMR research employed both an expert panel-validated survey and a semi-structured interview protocol which explored 9 themes which emerged from the literature review including EHS/Safety Leadership; Risk Management; Influence and Accountability. Due to pragmatics relating to the number of leaders accessed (N=30) the statistical analysis is limited to descriptive type statistics. Almost all respondents supported the monitoring role of the Board of Directors (BoD), but disagreed that the BoD should play an active role in risk management. Comparisons are drawn between the Oil and Gas and non-Oil and Gas organizations with interesting results especially in matters relating to risk management. Structured thematic content analysis yields that Safety Culture; Leadership; Influence and Accountability were the three leading themes accounting for just over 50% of the responses analysed. Many sub-themes have also emerged and are discussed. A Model of EHS Leadership and Governance was created and is presented which positions themes and factors that influence monitoring of EHS performance and ultimately risk management. The research can be considered as a unique contribution as a relatively small body of currently published work in this subject area, both globally and more so in the GCC.