The current trend of general mature of population brings the broad range of serious consequences, mainly the increase of incidence and prevalence of diseases, which occur much often by the older people. From the medical and socio-economical point of view, the most serious disease is the aphreina, because the prevalence of this disease by the people older 60 years together with increasing age has the exponential character. The deterioration of the patient` s condition is also a big stress for the family. It is very difficult to accept the fact of the gross degeneration of closed person` s personality and don{\crq}t change the attitude to him. The patient is still physically present, but his mentality has been changed, he lost his personality. ``Is he, but it isn{\crq}t him anymore.{\crqq} The technology of controlled conversation, casuistic and secondary analysis of data has been used for the qualitative research. The controlled conversations was done at Senior hospice Maj. The group was consist of 5 family members of patient, who has the Alzheimer disease, 5 nurses from the department with special regime and 3 social workers. The secondary analysis of data was realized on the basis of statistics, which has been already published at the Grade theses called: ``The problems family nurses caring for the patients with Alzheimer disease.{\crqq} For this analysis, the 15 informants have been used. Within the stated aim {--} to chart the activities of self-helping groups - I have used the data published at Annual report of Czech Alzheimer` s company from 2005. I have also made uncontrolled conversation with coordinator of self-helping group at Ceske Budejovice. The results of the research showed that the biggest problem with the devotion about the patient is the psychical stress. The rest, relaxation, fun, etc. could help to feel better. If these principals are followed, the most of the problems will never occur. The help of further people is necessary to fulfill these points. The research refer to problem of nonavailability of self-helping groups, family nurses caring for the patients with Alzheimer disease within the specific region of Czech Republic and also refer to low awareness about their existence and their activities. I hope that my thesis help to home-nurses to predate the problems, which have been mentioned here {mainly the mental ones}, and also helps to existing self-helping groups.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leidiene Ferreira Santos.pdf: 1020945 bytes, checksum: 170aa870ccfe3621241d58a141586294 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-14 / For a long while the family was not considered like priority over attention of nursing team in the hospital context, however studies about the need of changes, on the way of perceiving and dealing with a family, have been contributing to find new ways of care, trying its participation with the client, giving him support inside the medical units. Considering the appearance of illness and hospitalization are stressing events which affect the family s way of life and put people into suffering and the fact that this process gets more complex when the ill is a child, the nurse must search for strategies which give the professional skills to understand this experience, adopting a practice of integral attendance to these clients. Thus this study aims to evaluate the use of group technology on hospitalized child s family care using a descriptive exploratory research, of the type convergent assistance focused in the use of support as a strategy to the nurse assistance with families whose children are hospitalized. The subjects were thirty-four people from families with hospitalized children in the pediatric unit of the Hospital of the Clinics of Federal University of Goias (HC/UFG) had participated on at least one of the 12 sessions promoted by the Group of Support to Parents and Relatives (GRAPF), from February to July, 2010. The meetings were registered in a recorder and on a diary and submitted to a content analysis. Each session of the GRAPF had the average of 4,7 participants, most of them were hospitalized children s mothers. The analysis of the material permitted the identification of the theme: Experience about the family in the child's illness and hospitalization from that was extracted four categories: Child hospitalization: negatives and positives aspects ; Faith on a supreme being ; The health professionals on families perspectives and Families doubts . The evaluation about the GRAPF by the participants made possible the construction of the categories: The group how space for share and learn and The group as a space to learn and Bond between members/coordinators/group . The GRAPF showed that the use of group technology favor the reception to hospitalized child s families by nurses. From offering information and emotional support, is possible to help these people to face this crisis and to attenuate their suffering. The diversification of the nurse assistance strategies can, also, contribute to the development of the nurse assistance practices focused on the integral attendance of a hospitalized child s family. / Por muito tempo a família não foi considerada como prioridade de atenção da equipe de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar, entretanto estudos sobre a necessidade de mudanças, na forma de perceber e lidar com a família, tem contribuído para se buscar novas formas de cuidado, visando a sua participação junto ao cliente e seu acolhimento nas unidades assistenciais. Considerando que o aparecimento da doença e a hospitalização são eventos estressantes que alteram a dinâmica familiar e colocam as pessoas em condição de sofrimento e que esse processo se mostra ainda mais complexo quando se trata do adoecimento de uma criança, o enfermeiro deve buscar estratégias que o habilitem a compreender essa experiência, adotando uma prática assistencial de atendimento integral a essa clientela. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar o uso da tecnologia de grupo para o cuidado da família da criança hospitalizada, por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, do tipo convergente assistencial que abordou o uso do grupo de suporte como estratégia para a assistência de enfermagem à família de crianças internadas. Os sujeitos foram 34 membros das famílias de crianças hospitalizadas na Unidade de Internação Pediátrica (UIP) do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (HC/UFG) que participaram de pelo menos uma das 12 sessões do Grupo de Apoio a Pais e Familiares (GRAPF) realizadas entre fevereiro e julho de 2010. Os encontros foram registrados em gravador e em diário de campo e submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Cada sessão do GRAPF teve média de 4,7 participantes, sendo, predominantemente, as mães das crianças. A análise do material permitiu a identificação do tema: Vivências e experiências da família frente à doença e à hospitalização da criança ; do qual foram extraídas quatro categorias: Hospitalização da criança: aspectos negativos e positivos , Crença em um ser supremo , Os profissionais de saúde na perspectiva da família e Dúvidas da família . A avaliação do GRAPF pelos participantes possibilitou a construção das categorias: O grupo como espaço para compartilhar e aprender e Vínculo entre membros/coordenadores/grupo . O GRAPF mostrou que o uso da tecnologia de grupo favorece o acolhimento da família da criança internada pelos enfermeiros. Por meio da oferta de informações e suporte emocional, é possível ajudar essas pessoas a enfrentar a crise vivida e atenuar seu sofrimento. A diversificação das estratégias de assistência de enfermagem, também, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de práticas assistenciais do enfermeiro mais direcionadas para o atendimento integral da família e da criança hospitalizada.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Tereza Hagen Godoy.pdf: 1097216 bytes, checksum: 945934742c6a2c4eb316feaba5a69c8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-17 / Dentre as diversas atividades do enfermeiro muitas estão organizadas a partir do contexto grupal A própria natureza do trabalho da enfermagem facilita que o grupo seja um recurso para muitas de suas ações Essas observações aliadas ao estudo dos grupos sua natureza e aplicação no campo da enfermagem nos remeteu a uma constatação de que não havia nenhum estudo sistematizado no Brasil que nos desse parâmetro para compreender como o enfermeiro tem utilizado esse recurso Assim traçamos como objetivo geral deste estudo analisar a produção científica sobre a utilização da atividade grupal relacionada ao trabalho do enfermeiro no período de 1980 a 2003 nos periódicos nacionais da área de enfermagem Para o alcance dos objetivos propostos realizamos um estudo descritivo e exploratório por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em periódicos nacionais de enfermagem A coleta de dados foi guiada por um protocolo de registro onde identificamos 151 artigos que foram analisados quanto à expansão desse conhecimento ao longo do período estudado as diversas situações em que o grupo é utilizado nas atividades do enfermeiro e a ocorrência dessa produção nos diversos periódicos A análise qualitativa dos dados foi realizada a partir de categorias definidas a priori: O grupo como recurso na assistência que inclui estudos que trabalharam com os diversos níveis de assistência (24,5%) - Enfermagem e grupo: produção de conhecimento que inclui estudos do desenvolvimento de conhecimentos sobre o tema (58,9%) e O grupo na formação de recursos humanos que inclui estudos que utilizaram o grupo na formação de recursos humanos e como recurso didático pedagógico (16,6%). Esse estudo nos permitiu constatar a expansão da utilização desse recurso pelo enfermeiro ao longo dos anos o que nos levou a concluir que esse profissional acredita no grupo como ferramenta para a implementação das várias ações que realiza A riqueza e a potencialidade das atividades grupais para o desenvolvimento das inúmeras intervenções que fazem parte do cotidiano do trabalho do enfermeiro seja no campo assistencial no ensino ou na pesquisa foi evidenciada pela variedade de estudos que usam essa estratégia O recorte que utilizamos nos deu a possibilidade de olharmos para os dados através de uma sistemática que certamente não retrata a única maneira de analisá-los nem foi esgotada nessa investigação Ao término desse estudo vislumbramos desdobramentos para futuros trabalhos que contam com a vantagem de termos em mãos um banco de dados sobre o tema que nos permite outras aproximações analíticas Acreditamos que através do levantamento que fizemos estamos contribuindo com o desenvolvimento do trabalho de grupo pelos enfermeiros pois conseguimos englobar um universo diversificado e extenso dessa produção pela enfermagem abarcando a grande maioria das especialidades que trabalham com esta ferramenta e que o material catalogado e descrito por nós será uma fonte de consulta bibliográfica sobre o tema

張時飛. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (p. 338-366) / 中英文摘要. / Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Zhang Shifei. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (p. 338-366) / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.

Luk Leung Andrew. / "April 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 504-551). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese; questionnaire in Chinese.

The past decades witnessed that neither the private sector nor the government could provide an adequate socio-economic safety net for the poorest of the poor in the Third World. The community-based self-help approaches were hence widely used as alternative means to help the poor and marginalised to cope with livelihood shocks. This study examined the extent to which indigenous iddirs (local neighbourhood associations) and the externally-funded self-help groups (SHGs) could transform social capital into entrepreneurship thereby enhancing sustainable livelihoods. The study was conducted in three Southern Nation and Nationalities and People’s Region (SNNPR) rural districts, namely, Shebedeno, Wonago and Humbo. Mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods were used to collect field data. Accordingly, closed and openended questionnaires and interview schedules were developed in English and then translated into Amharic (the national language). Instruments were field tested for validity and thereafter adjusted. A total of 220 (166 male and 54 female) people participated in the study. Data were entered into an Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) database, and analysed by using basic descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were transcribed and analysed using Microsoft Office tools. The findings indicate that the SHGs’ members were relatively better educated than the rest of the population and some of them used this opportunity to pursue employment in government and the private sector. With regard to poverty status, iddirs members were poorer than those of SHGs (15.5% of the iddirs members reported that they are destitute compared to others in the community, as opposed to 3.3% of SHGs members). The study reveals that the livelihoods of some members of iddirs and SHG (particularly the latter) improved as a result of their involvement in these institutions although, at this point, the impact is insignificant. With regard to socio-economic decision making, more SHG members were involved in participatory decision making. However, iddirs leaders were still the dominant decision makers. The SHG level of participatory decision making could be the result of capacity building efforts by the promoting organisation, particularly, the Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church (EKHC). The study also shows that some of the iddirs and SHGs members were involved in informal rural entrepreneurial activities. However, their involvement did not indicate the utilisation of micro loan taken from the iddirs and SHGs for business purposes (97% of the iddirs and SHGs respondents utilised microcredit loans for consumption and other related purposes). On the other hand, the empirical evidence reveals that the amount of loan that iddirs and SHGs respondents received was very small. The general practice is giving small loans particularly to SHG members with repayments expected to begin as quickly and frequently as possible. Transforming social capital into entrepreneurship requires a cooperative approach, i.e. the involvement of development actors so as to enhance communities’ endeavour to achieve their livelihood objectives. Despite the wide prevalence of social capital in Ethiopia, this study indicates that its effective utilisation in community empowerment and sustainable livelihoods remains a challenge. Social capital is found to have a limited role in social entrepreneurship development and promotion not because it does not have potential, but because of the limited role of promoting organisations. The study shows lack of strong linkage between iddirs and promoting organisation (NGOs and Government). The study thus underlines the need for improving network and links with iddirs and SHGs and promoting organisations so as to create an enabling environment for sustainable livelihoods in the three rural districts under scrutiny. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The worldwide increase in the diagnosis of autism, the immense pressure parents experience in raising a child with autism, as well as the accessibility of internet-based support, provided a unique opportunity to research parents’ experiences in such an online community. Knowledge about their experiences, the value and meaning of an online support group in their daily lives, as well as which parents access online support, could shed light on how online communities could possibly be better utilised to provide instant and low-cost information and support to parents who are otherwise excluded from face-to-face support groups due to various constraints. Additionally, research about online support groups for autism in South Africa seems to be non-existent. This research could contribute significantly to the gap in knowledge about South African parents’ experiences. The aim of the study was to engage with South African parents participating in a Facebook support group in finding out what value (positive or negative) it adds to their lives and determining the meaning they ascribe to their participation in this group. This was a qualitative study based on a social constructionist theoretical framework as it is concerned with how every person’s reality is shaped through social interaction with others, as well as through the historical and cultural influences in that person’s life. Participants for this study were purposively selected and data was collected through observations of their exchanges within the Facebook support group, as well as through an electronic interview questionnaire. These interactions and correspondence were analysed using thematic analysis. The research findings indicated the multifaceted role that the Facebook support group plays in the lives of each parent who participated. The amount of support they derived from the group and the value of the group depended on each parent’s unique needs and experiences, as well as their unique interpretations of the interactions within the group. Their interactions within the group showed, however, that the group provided a platform where they were able to construct their own identities as autism parents as the experts of their children’s lives, as well as advocates in the realm of autism. Their experiences were in line with international literature on online support groups. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreldwye toename in die diagnose van outisme, die geweldige druk wat ouers ervaar om ʼn kind met outisme groot te maak, asook die toeganklikheid van internet-gebaseerde ondersteuning, het ʼn unieke geleentheid geskep om navorsing te doen oor ouers se ervarings in sodanige aanlyn gemeenskap. Kennis rakende hulle ervarings, die waarde en betekenis van ʼn aanlyn ondersteuningsgroep in hulle daaglikse lewens, asook watter tipe ouers aanlyn raad soek, sou lig kon werp op die onderwerp van hoe sulke aanlyn gemeenskappe moontlik beter aangewend kan word ten einde onmiddelike en goedkoop inligting en ondersteuning te bied aan ouers wat andersins uitgesluit word van kontak-ondersteuningsgroepe as gevolg van verskeie beperkings. Hierdie navorsing kan ʼn belangrike bydrae lewer tot die verbetering van die gebrekkige kennis oor aanlyn ondersteuningsgroepe vir outisme in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie navorsing kan grootliks bydra tot die gebrekkige kennis oor Suid-Afrikaanse ouers se ervarings. Die doel van hierdie studie was om betrokke te raak by ouers wat deelneem aan ʼn Facebook ondersteuningsgroep ten einde vas te stel watter waarde (positief of negatief) dit toevoeg tot hulle lewens, asook om te bepaal watter betekenis hulle heg aan hul eie deelname aan die groep. Hierdie was ʼn kwalitatiewe studie gebaseer op ʼn sosiaal-konstruksionistiese teoretiese raamwerk, aangesien dit gemoeid was met hoe elke persoon se realiteit beïnvloed word deur sosiale interaksie met ander, asook die historiese en kulturele invloede in daardie persoon se lewe. Deelnemers aan hierdie studie was doelgerig gekies en data is deur waarneming van hul interaksie binne die Facebook ondersteuningsgroep versamel, asook deur ‘n elektroniese onderhoudsvraelys. Hierdie interaksies en korrespondensie is deur tematiese analise ontleed. Die navorsingsbevindings het die veelkantige rol wat die Facebook ondersteunings-groep in die lewens van elke deelnemer gespeel het, aangetoon. Die mate van ondersteuning wat elkeen uit die groep ontvang het, asook die waarde van die groep, was afhanklik van elkeen se unieke behoeftes en ervarings en elkeen se unieke vertolking van die interaksie binne die groep. Die ouers se interaksie binne die groep het egter aangedui dat die ondersteuningsgroep ʼn platform daargestel het waar hulle hulle eie identiteite as outisme ouers, en kundiges oor hul kinders se lewens, kon konstrueer. Benewens dit was hulle ook kampvegters op die terrein van outisme. Hulle ervarings stem ooreen met internasionale literatuur rakende aanlyn ondersteuningsgroepe.

Objective: The promotion of self-management support for people with LTCs is a health policy priority across the UK (LTCAS 2008; DoH 2012). Self-management support is designed to change and improve care for people with LTCs, who form an increasing proportion of the population requiring healthcare and treatment. For health organisations models of care, which support self-management, require greater emphasis on person-focused rather than disease-focused manifestations of health and represents a new model of care delivery requiring changes in practice. Current research demonstrates that health policies are increasingly complex, involve multiple organisations and often fail to translate into effective practice (Noyles et al. 2014). The deficit between what works and what happens in practice is referred to as the “implementation deficit” (Pressman and Wildasky 1984) and traditionally it has been difficult to breakaway from the idea that the policy process is best viewed from the top-down (Barett and Fudge 1981). However, there remains a need to understand the processes of implementation, which takes account of the variation, the multiple layers and interactions which takes place between policy-maker and -implementer as policy becomes practice (Hupe 2011). Implementation of self-management is a contemporary focus in UK health policy and this thesis explains what processes are used to implement self-management policy for people with LTCs into everyday practice in one health board. Methods: A case study approach was used to investigate the policy process with data collected using thirty-one semi-structured interviews with policy-makers and regional and local policy-implementers plus eight hours of observation of national and regional policy meetings. To provide context to the implementation process data also included thirteen policy documents. Data analysis used the retrospective application of NPT as a theoretical framework with which to explore the implementation processes. NPT is an emerging theory that is being promoted as a means of understanding implementation, embedding and integration of new ideas in healthcare (McEvoy et al. 2014). The application of NPT focuses on four mechanisms, termed work (May and Finch 2009: 547), which promote incorporation of new ideas in practice. These areas of work are coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring (Mair et al. 2012). Findings: The findings suggest that there are a number of important influences operating behind or as part of the policy implementation process. These included the need for a shared understanding, getting stakeholders involved to drive forward policy, work promoting collaboration and participation was the most detailed and important in the process of policy implementation; the course of policy was affected by factors which facilitated or inhibited stakeholders acceptance of self-management; and NPT fosters key analytical insights. Conclusion: Understanding the process of policy implementation in healthcare and how practice changes as a result of policy is subject to a wide range of influences. What emerges are five key recommendations relating to understanding policy implementation. (1) understanding the concept of self-management is important in promoting policy implementation. This understanding benefits from dialogue between policy-makers and -implementers. (2) stakeholder involvement supports implementation particularly the role of clinical leadership and leadership through existing networks but also value in establishing new organisational structures to create a receptive context. (3) develop participation and collaboration through use of the patient voice which helped simplify the policy message and motivate change. (4) other resources help policy implementation and where these are evident then policy is implemented and where they are absent then implementation is not embedded. Lack of evidence was a particular area of constraint. (5) NPT has shown that social context is important, and provides for this. But in addition there is evidence that historical perspectives and previous experience are also important influence on receptivity to implementation. This research contributes to the development of theory and practice in the area of implementation science. The exploration of the policy implementation has revealed the action and work which policy-makers and -implementers are engaged in while implementing policy. It has tested the utility of NPT in a real-life setting using all four mechanisms.

The aim of the thesis is to explore socially shared ideas about mental illness in everyday contexts. Drawing on social representation theory, organizations for users of mental health services and self-help groups are regarded as communities where social knowledge is constructed that makes intersubjective understanding of illness experiences possible. In order to investigate such knowledge as a resource in joint construction of meaning, a theoretical model is introduced where a distinction is made between a discursive level of situated ‘representational work’ and an underlying level of sociocultural resources. A focus group study was carried out with 27 participants who label their health problems as anxiety, depression or bipolar disorder, and were members of service user organizations. The focus group conversations were analysed with regard to thematic, interactional and discursive features to answer the questions: 1) how is mental illness represented, 2) how is the mentally ill person represented, and 3) how are others’ views on mental illness represented. The results show how mental illness is represented as a complex phenomenon that is contextualised to a number of frames of reference. Further, the analysis identified different types of resources that are utilized in representational work: local knowledge of the communities, medical concepts, different explanatory models, narrative structures, metaphors and conceptual dichotomies. It also revealed dialogical properties of the representational work that have rhetorical functions for self-presentation as a team performance. The discussion suggests that widely shared resources are put to use in group- and situation-specific representational projects, and that representations that are produced in group discourse can be characterised as ‘polemical social representations’ that respond to a double stigma of mental illness in everyday life where mental illness is regarded as a sign of ‘weakness’ as well as ‘otherness’.

This study explored the experiences of members of an OCD support group, utilising a qualitative design, social constructionist approach, and a systemic framework. Participants were obtained through purposive sampling; data was collected via faceto- face semi-structured interviews with four participants. It emerged that these participants attended two OCD support groups (initial support group and sub-support group). The participants’ experiences were analysed using thematic analysis. Major findings: the participants’ motivation to attend both support groups was to reduce their OCD symptoms and improve functioning. The initial support group was a professional-led psychoeducational support group while the sub-support group was a self-help psychotherapeutic group. The groups also complemented each other with information from the initial support group being implemented in the sub-support group. The participants reported to have benefitted from participation in both support groups as their OCD symptoms reduced and their daily functioning improved. Recommendations for future research were discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)