Foram avaliados os resultados, as alterações hemodinâmicas sistêmicas e as alterações da sensibilidade geral superficial de 31 doentes com neuralgia idiopática do trigêmeo tratados com a técnica de compressão percutânea do gânglio trigeminal com balão sob anestesia geral associadamente ou não ao bloqueio anestésico do gânglio trigeminal com lidocaína. As características biométricas, demográficas e clínicas foram similares nos doentes tratados (CBA) ou não (SBA) com bloqueio anestésico. As médias das pressões arteriais sistólicas (PASs), médias (PAMs) e diastólicas (PADs) e das frequências cardíacas foram analisadas nos momentos preoperatório imediato, anestesia geral e sem manipulação operatória, punção ganglionar, insuflação do balão e despertar e as sensibilidades faciais nos momentos pré-operatório e de 30 e 210 dias posoperatórios. As médias das PASs, das PAMs e das PADs foram inferiores nos doentes do grupo CBA em relação às dos doentes do grupo SBA nos momentos punção ganglionar e insuflação do balão do balão e as médias das PAMs e PADs foram inferiores nos doentes do grupo CBA em relação às do grupo SBA no momento despertar. Ocorreu elevação da PAS, PAM e PAD em todos os doentes hipertensos ou não do grupo SBA. Ocorreu elevação da PAM em 16,7% dos normotensos e em 33,3% dos hipertensos e em 33,3% dos normotensos e em 11,1% dos hipertensos do grupo CBA, respectivamente, nos momentos, punção ganglionar e insuflação do balão. Ocorreu hipertensão arterial em 50 a 75% dos doentes do grupo SBA e em zero a 7% dos doentes do grupo CBA nos momentos punção ganglionar e insuflação do balão. Todos os doentes normotensos do grupo CBA apresentaram redução da PAS e da PAM e, 83,3%, também da PAD no momento punção do gânglio trigeminal. Ocorreu redução da PAS e da PAM em 83,3% dos doentes normotensos do grupo CBA e, em 66,7%, da PAD no momento insuflação do balão. Em 55,6% dos hipertensos do grupo CBA ocorreu redução das PAS e da PAM e, em 66,7%, da PAD no momento punção ganglionar. Observou-se redução da PAS em 66,7% dos doentes hipertensos do grupo CBA e da PAM e da PAS em 88,9%. Ocorreu redução da PAS e da PAM em 83,3% dos doentes normotensos do grupo CBA e da PAD em 66,7%. Ocorreu hipotensão arterial em 27% a 33% dos doentes do grupo CBA e em nenhum dos do grupo SBA. As frequências cardíacas dos doentes do grupo SBA elevaram-se e mantiveram-se mais elevadas que as dos do grupo CBA nos momentos anestesia geral sem manipulação operatória, punção ganglionar, insuflação do balão e despertar. Todos os doentes do grupo SBA e 90% dos do grupo CBA não apresentavam dor sete meses após a operação. Ocorreu recidiva da dor em 26,7% dos doentes; ocorreu em uma a 128 (71,13 ± 55,23) semanas após a cirurgia ou seja em 121,07 ± 23,05 semanas em média; não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os doentes dos grupos SBA e CBA quanto à recidiva ou não da dor. Na avaliação de 30 e 210 dias, os valores da algiometria na região do segundo ramo (V2) do nervo trigêmeo nos doentes do grupo CBA foram mais elevados em ambos os lados da face que nos doentes do grupo SBA e não se modificaram ao longo do período das avaliações. A algiometria no território do primeiro ramo (V1) do nervo trigêmeo não se modificou ao longo dos sete meses de avaliação e não diferiu entre os doentes de ambos os grupos. A maioria dos doentes apresentava hipoalgesia no território de inervação de V2 e V3 um mês após a operação; a sensibilidade dolorosa não se modificou em cerca de metade dos doentes de ambos os grupos e manteve-se inalterada em 25% a 33% dos doentes A intensidade da dormência e do incômodo associado a ela foram maiores um e sete meses após a operação nos doentes de ambos os grupos; 14,3% dos doentes do grupo SBA não apresentava sensação de dormência facial um mês após a operação. Todos os doentes do grupo SBA e 90% dos do grupo CBA apresentavam dormência facial sete meses após a operação. Sete meses após a operação, a sensibilidade dolorosa no território de V1 não se modificou em metade dos doentes de ambos os grupos, foi normal na região de V2 em 50% e 41,7% dos doentes dos grupos CBA e SBA, respectivamente, e na região de V3 em 40% dos doentes do grupo CBA e em nenhum do grupo SBA, respectivamente. As alterações da sensibilidade dolorosa na região de V3 foram menores nos doentes do grupo CBA que nos do grupo SBA. Houve aumento de doentes do grupo SBA que apresentaram hipoalgesia facial nas regiões de V1, V2 e V3 um mês após a operação. Nos doentes do grupo CBA ocorreu hipoalgesia apenas na região de V3 um mês após a cirurgia e redução não significativa destas alterações sete meses após. O exame da sensibilidade ao frio foi normal no território de V1 em cerca de metade dos doentes um mês após a operação; houve aumento da proporção de doentes com hipoestesia ou anestesia ao frio nos territórios de V2 ou V3. Na maioria dos doentes, a sensibilidade ao frio nos territórios de V1 e V2 normalizou-se, mas manteve-se comprometida no território de V3 sete meses após a operação. Nos doentes do grupo SBA não se identificaram alterações significativas da sensibilidade facial ao frio nas regiões de V1 e V2, mas ocorreu aumento significativo de casos com hipoestesia ao frio na região de V3 um e sete meses após a operação. Houve hipoestesia ao frio somente na região de inervação de V2, um e sete meses após a operação nos doentes do grupo CBA. Um mês após a operação, a proporção de doentes com sensibilidade normal ao calor reduziu-se para 42,9% e 21,4% em V1 e V3, respectivamente, nos doentes de ambos os grupos. Sete meses após a operação, a proporção de doentes com sensibilidade normal ao calor reduziu-se para 33,3%, 41,7% e 8,3%, respectivamente, em V1, V2 e V3 nos doentes do grupo SBA e elevou-se para 50,0%, 40,0% e 40,0% respectivamente, nos doentes do grupo CBA, mas as diferenças não foram significativas. Ocorreu aumento significativo da hipoestesia ao calor apenas na região de inervação de V3 dos doentes do grupo SBA e do número de doentes do grupo CBA com hipoestesia ao calor nas regiões de inervação de V2 e V3 um e sete meses após a operação. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os doentes de ambos os grupos quanto à sensibilidade tátil nos momentos preoperatório, um mês e sete meses após a operação. Os doentes do grupo SBA apresentaram significativa hipoestesia tátil no território de V1 ao longo dos períodos de avaliação. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação ao exame da sensibilidade tátil no território de V2 e de V3 ao longo dos momentos da avaliação. Evidenciou-se hipoestesia tátil no território de V3 ao longo das avaliações pós-operatórias nos doentes do grupo SBA e não houve alterações significativas da sensibilidade tátil ao longo das avaliações nos doentes do grupo CBA. Não ocorreu diferença entre os doentes de ambos os grupos quanto aos achados da pesquisa do reflexo corneopalpebral ao longo das avaliações / The clinical results, the systemic hemodynamic reactions and the modification of the general superficial sensorial examination of 31 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia treated with percutaneous compression technique of the trigeminal ganglion with balloon under general anesthesia associated or not with block the trigeminal ganglion with local anesthetic were evaluated. The biometric, demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in patients treated (CBA) or not (SBA) with trigeminal ganglion block. The averages of the systolic (PASs), mean (PAMs) and diastolic (PADs) arterial pressures and heart rates were evaluated in the preoperative period, during the general anesthesia and before the surgical manipulation, during the trigeminal ganglion puncture, during the balloon expansion and the awakening period and the facial sensibility at the immediate preoperative and at the 30th and 210th postoperative days. In the CBA group, the averages of PASs, PAMs and PADs were lower than in CBA patients during the trigeminal ganglion puncture and expansion of the balloon and the averages of the PAMs and PADs were lower in CBA patients than in SBA patients during the awakening period. There was increasing of the mean PAS, PAM and PAD on all hypertensive or not SBA patients. There was increasing of the PAM in 16.7% of the normotensive and in 33.3% of the hypertensive and in 33.3% of normotensive CBA patients and in 11.1% of hypertensive CBA patients, respectively, at the trigeminal ganglion puncture and balloon inflation times. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 50 to 75% of SBA patients and in none to 7% of CBA patients during the trigeminal ganglion puncture and balloon expansion. All normotensive CBA patients presented PAS and PAM reduction and 83.3%, also presented PAD reduction at the time of the trigeminal ganglion puncture. The PAS and PAM reduced in 83.3% of the normotensive CBA patients, and the PAD in 66.7% during the balloon inflation. In 55.6% of the hypertensive CBA patients, there was reduction of PAS and also of the PAM and in 66.7% of the PAD at the time of trigeminal ganglion puncture. There was reduction of PAS in 66.7% of hypertensive CBA patients and of the PAM and PAS in 88.9% of them. There was reduction of PAS and PAM in 83.3% of the normotensive CBA patients and of PAD in 66.7%. Arterial hypotension was observed in 27% to 33% of the CBA patients but not in the SBA patients. The cardiac rates of the SBA patients increased and remained higher than those of the CBA patients during the general anesthesia period previous to the surgical manipulation, trigeminal ganglion puncture, balloon expansion and awakening. All SBA and 90% of the CBA patients had no pain seven months after the operation. There was pain recurrence in 26.7% of the patients in one to 128 (71.13 ± 55.23) weeks after the surgical procedure, that is 121.07 ± 23.05 weeks of the postoperative period in average; there was no difference between SBA and CBA patients in relation to pain recurrence rate. The algiometry values in the region of the second branch (V2) of the trigeminal nerve in the CBA patients were higher on both sides of the face that in SBA patients in the 30th and 210th postoperative days. There was no difference between patients of both groups regarding the averages of the values of the postoperative algiometry. The algiometry did not change in the first branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerve over the seven months of the follow-up period and did not differ statistically between the patients from both groups. The majority of patients presented hipoalgesia in the territory of V2 and V3 one month after the operation. The hypoalgesia did not change in about half of the patients of both groups and remained unchanged in 25% to 33% of the patients. The intensity of the numbness and of the associated bad feeling were higher one and seven months after surgery in the patients of both groups. All SBA and 90% of CBA patients presented facial numbness seven months after the operation. Seven months after the operation, the numbness in the territory of V1 did not change in half the patients from both groups, was normal in the region of V2 in 50% and 41.7% of patients of the CBA and SBA groups, respectively, and in the region of V3 in 40% of patients of the CBA and in none of the SBA group, respectively. The pain sensory changes in V3 were smaller in the CBA than in SBA patients. There was increasing in the number of SBA patients who presented V1, V2 and V3 hipoalgesia of one month after the operation. Hypoalgesia was observed just in the V3 territory of the CBA patients one month after surgery and non-significant reduction of this finding seven months after the procedure. The sensitivity to cold was normal in the territory of V1 in about half of patients a month after the operation. There was increasing in the proportion of patients presenting hypoesthesia or anesthesia to cold in the territories of V2 or V3. In most patients, coldness perception in the V1 and V2 territories normalized but remained altered in the territory of V3 seven months after the operation in many of them. There were not significant changes in the facial sensitivity to cold in V1 and V2 territories in the SBA patients, but there was a significant increase of cases with cold hypoesthesia in the region of V3 one and seven months after the operation. There was cold hypoesthesia in the V2 region seven months after surgery in of CBA patients. One month after the operation, the proportion of patients from both groups with normal perception of heat in the face reduced to 42.9% and 21.4% in V1 and V3, respectively. Seven months after the operation, the proportion of patients with normal sensitivity to heat fell to 33.3%, 41.7% and 8.3%, respectively, in V1, V2 and V3 of patients from the SBA group and increased to 50.0%; 40.0% and 40.0%, respectively, in CBA patients, but the differences were not significant between both groups. There was a significant increase of heat hypoesthesia in V3 region, one and seven months after surgery in SBA patients. There was significant increase in the number of CBA patients presenting V2 and V3 heat hypoesthesia, one and seven months after the operation. There was no significant difference in the tactile sensitivity between the patients of both groups in the preoperative period and one month and seven months postoperatively. SBA patients presented significant tactile hypoesthesia in the V1 territory over the evaluation period. There was no difference between both groups of patients related to tactile sensitivity in the V2 territory during the follow up period. There was no difference between the groups in relation to V3 tactile sensitivity in the evaluation period. There was V3 tactile hypoesthesia along the post-operative evaluations in the SBA patients. There were no significant changes in the tactile sensitivity along the evaluations in the CBA patients. No difference was observed in the evaluation of the corneal reflex in the patients of both groups during the follow-up period

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-09-20T15:07:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leiladalpoggettomoreira.pdf: 4016175 bytes, checksum: b4d2ed32f94d215d86b0c42929d973f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T11:50:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leiladalpoggettomoreira.pdf: 4016175 bytes, checksum: b4d2ed32f94d215d86b0c42929d973f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T11:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leiladalpoggettomoreira.pdf: 4016175 bytes, checksum: b4d2ed32f94d215d86b0c42929d973f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-13 / Introdução: O treinamento muscular inspiratório que é composto por sessões de exercício muscular inspiratório (EMI) é uma estratégia potencial e farmacológica utilizada para aumentar a força da musculatura inspiratória. Porém, divergência da literatura científica sobre o tempo e a carga de trabalho utilizada nas sessões de EMI, bem como, a resposta hemodinâmica decorrente das diversas intensidades de EMI precisam ser mais bem esclarecidas. Assim, torna-se imprescindível o desenvolvimento de estudos controlados e randomizados que explorem e comparem a resposta hemodinâmica em diferentes intensidades de sessão de EMI. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta hemodinâmica durante e após sessões de diferentes intensidades de EMI em jovens saudáveis. Métodos: Foram avaliados 15 homens (25±1 anos, IMC 23,5±0,8 kg/m2), sedentários que realizaram quatro sessões de EMI: Sham (sem carga), EMI 30%, EMI 40% e EMI 60% da pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx). A sessão Sham, EMI 30% e EMI 40% foram realizadas com 8 séries de 2 minutos por 1 minuto de intervalo. A sessão EMI 60% PImáx foi realizada com 4 séries de 2 minutos por 1 minuto de intervalo. Em todas as sessões a frequência respiratória foi mantida entre 12 a 15 ipm. A PImáx foi avaliada por manovacuometria (MVD300). Pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), pressão arterial média (PAM), resistência periférica total (RPT) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram avaliadas pela técnica não invasiva de fotopletismografia digital infravermelha (FinometerPRo). O fluxo sanguíneo muscular do antebraço (FSM) foi avaliado pela técnica de pletismografia de oclusão venosa (Hokanson). A resistência vascular do antebraço (RVA) foi calculada pela divisão da PAM pelo FSM. Todas as variáveis foram medidas simultaneamente por 10 minutos em repouso, durante o EMI e no período de recuperação (15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos) após as sessões de EMI. A FC e pressão arterial foram monitoradas por 24 horas após as sessões Sham e EMI 40%. Foi utilizada ANOVA de 1 fator para medidas repetidas para análise das variáveis hemodinâmicas durante as sessões de EMI, ANOVA 2 fatores para medidas repetidas para análise das variáveis hemodinâmicas em repouso e na recuperação (60 minutos) e nas 24 horas, seguido de post hoc de Bonferroni. O teste t foi utilizado para a comparação dos deltas das variáveis hemodinâmicas durante a sessão Sham vs. EMI 40% e EMI 30% vs EMI 60%. Para a comparação do tamanho do efeito da média dos deltas foi utilizado o D Cohen. Para análise do tamanho do efeito das variáveis hemodinâmicas durante o EMI e na recuperação de 60 minutos (Sham vs EMI 40% e EMI 30% vs EMI 60%) foi adotado o Partial Eta Esquared. Para diferença significativa foi considerado p<0,05. Resultados: Durante as sessões experimentais, verificamos o aumento da FC durante as sessões Sham, EMI 30%, EMI40% e EMI 60%. Apenas no protocolo Sham observamos a redução do VS. Somente no EMI 60% observamos aumento da PAS, PAD, PAM, DC e RVA. Nos primeiros 60 minutos de recuperação após EMI, observamos redução da FC, do FSM e do DC após a execução de todos os protocolos de EMI. Além disso, observamos aumento da RPT e RVA que provavelmente resultou em aumento pressórico. Na recuperação de 24 horas, não verificamos diferenças no comportamento pressórico e de FC entre as sessões Sham e EMI 40%. Conclusão: Somente o protocolo EMI 60% proporcionou alterações consideráveis na resposta hemodinâmica. Nos primeiros 60 minutos de recuperação após EMI, todos os diferentes protocolos causaram bradicardia a ponto de reduzir o DC. Embora tenha ocorrido o aumento dos níveis pressóricos por até uma hora após a realização do EMI, esse efeito não persistiu nas 24 horas subsequentes. Por fim, para a resposta em 24 horas, constatamos níveis pressóricos dentro da normalidade, descenso noturno da PA, demostrando o comportamento fisiológico adequado. / Introduction: Inspiratory muscle training that consists of inspiratory muscle exercise (IME) sessions is a potential and pharmacological strategy used to increase inspiratory muscle strength. However, divergence of the scientific literature about the time and workload used in EMI sessions, as well as the hemodynamic response due to the various EMI intensities need to be better clarified. Thus, it is essential to develop controlled and randomized studies that explore and compare the hemodynamic response at different EMI session intensities. Objective: To evaluate the hemodynamic response during and after sessions of different EMI intensities in healthy young adults. Methods: Fifteen men (25 ± 1 years old, BMI 23.5 ± 0.8 kg / m2), who underwent four EMI sessions: Sham (no additional load), EMI 30%, EMI 40% and EMI 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The Sham session, EMI 30% and EMI 40% were performed with 8 sets of 2 minutes per 1 minute interval. The EMI 60% MIP session was performed with 4 sets of 2 minutes per 1 minute interval. In all sessions the respiratory rate was maintained between 12 and 15 breaths/min. MIP was evaluated by manovacuometry (MVD300). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), total peripheral resistance (TPR) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated by the noninvasive technique of infrared digital photoplethysmography (FinometerPRo). The muscular blood flow of the forearm (FSM) was evaluated by venous occlusion plethysmography (Hokanson) technique. Forearm vascular resistance (AVR) was calculated by dividing the MAP by the FSM. All variables were measured simultaneously for 10 minutes at rest, during EMI and in the recovery period (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes) after the EMI sessions. HR and blood pressure were monitored for 24 hours after Sham and EMI 40% sessions. One-way ANOVA was used for repeated measures for analysis of hemodynamic variables during EMI, ANOVA 2 factors for repeated measurements for analysis of hemodynamic variables at rest, recovery (60 minutes) and at 24 hours, followed by post hoc Bonferroni. The t test was used to compare deltas of the hemodynamic variables during the Sham vs. EMI 40% and EMI 30% vs EMI 60%. The D Cohen was used to compare the size of the delta average effect. To analyze the size of the effect of hemodynamic variables during EMI and 60 minutes recovery (Sham vs EMI 40% and EMI 30% vs EMI 60%) the Partial Eta Esquared was adopted. For significant difference p <0.05 was considered. Results: During the experimental sessions, we verified HR increase during the Sham, EMI 30%, EMI 40% and EMI 60% sessions. Only in the Sham protocol did we observe the reduction of VS. Only in the EMI 60% did we observe increased SBP, DBP, MAP, DC and AVR. In the first 60 minutes of recovery after EMI, we observed a reduction in HR, FSH and DC after all EMI protocols were performed. In addition, we observed increased RPT and AVR, which probably resulted in increased pressure. At 24-hour recovery, we did not find differences in pressure and HR behavior between Sham and EMI 40% sessions. Conclusion: Only the EMI 60% protocol provided considerable changes in hemodynamic response. In the first 60 minutes of recovery after EMI all the different protocols caused bradycardia to the point of reducing DC. Although blood pressure levels increased for up to one hour after EMI, this effect did not persist in the subsequent 24 hours. Finally, for the 24-hour response, we found pressure levels within the normal range, nocturnal BP decrease, demonstrating the appropriate physiological behavior.

Orientadores: Artur Udelsmann, Ilka de Fátima Ferreira Santana Boin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T08:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_MarcosDeSimone_D.pdf: 1283173 bytes, checksum: 02bdd1e25b379016177d6f13fed8d750 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Introdução: os anestésicos locais são drogas que bloqueiam de maneira reversível a condução de impulsos ao longo das fibras nervosas. São amplamente utilizados em anestesias locorregionais e no tratamento de dor, entretanto seu uso não é isento de riscos. A cardiotoxicidade é a mais preocupante das complicações nos casos de injeção intravascular acidental de grandes doses e até pouco tempo sem tratamento específico. Em 1998 Weinberg e cols. demonstraram que a emulsão lipídica era eficiente para combater a cardiotoxicidade dos anestésicos locais e desde então esses agentes vêm sendo utilizados com sucesso. Objetivo: comparar as alterações hemodinâmicas da terapia lipídica com SMOF após intoxicação com bupivacaína em suínos. Método: suínos da raça Large-White foram anestesiados com tiopental, realizada intubação traqueal e mantidos em ventilação mecânica sob isoflurano. As variáveis hemodinâmicas foram registradas através de pressão invasiva e cateterização da artéria pulmonar (cateter de Swan-Ganz). Após período de 30 minutos de repouso, 5 'mg.kg POT. -1' de bupivacaína foram injetados por via endovenosa e novas medidas hemodinâmicas foram realizadas decorrido 1 minuto; os animais foram então aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos e receberam 4 'ml.kg POT. -1' de solução salina ou 4 'ml.kg POT. -1' da emulsão lipídica SMOF a 20%. As alterações hemodinâmicas foram reavaliadas aos 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30 minutos. Resultados: a intoxicação pela bupivacaína causou queda da pressão arterial, do débito cardíaco e do trabalho sistólico dos ventrículos e principalmente importantes alterações das resistências vasculares. A terapia com a emulsão lipídica tipo SMOF foi capaz de melhorar a pressão arterial através, principalmente, do aumento das resistências vasculares uma vez que o débito cardíaco não apresentou alteração expressiva em nosso estudo. Os resultados hemodinâmicos com o uso da emulsão lipídica na intoxicação pela bupivacaína foram melhores que no grupo controle. Conclusão: a emulsão lipídica tipo SMOF é uma opção interessante para reverter as alterações hemodinâmicas em caso de intoxicação pela bupivacaína / Abstract: Introduction: local anesthetics are drugs that reversibly block the conduction of impulses along the nerve fibers. They are widely used in loco-regional anesthesia and in pain treatment, however its uses is not without risks. Cardiotoxicity is the most worrisome complication in cases of inadvertent intravascular injection of large doses and until recently with no specific treatment. In 1998 Weinberg et al. demonstrated that the lipid emulsion (EL) was effective for the cardiotoxicity of local anesthetics and since then these agents have been used with success. Purpose: to compare the hemodynamic changes following SMOF lipid emulsion therapy with after bupivacaine intoxication in swines. Methods: Large White pigs were anesthetized with thiopental, tracheal intubation was performed and mechanical ventilation was instituted. Hemodynamic variables were recorded with invasive pressure monitoring and pulmonary artery catheterization (Swan-Ganz catheter). After a 30-minute resting period, 5 'mg.kg POT. -1' of bupivacaine by intravenous injection was administered and new hemodynamic mesures were performed 1 minute later; the animals were than randomly divided into two groups and received 4 'ml.kg POT. -1' of saline solution or 4 'ml.kg POT. -1' of SMOF lipid emulsion 20%. Hemodynamic changes were then re-evaluated at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes. Results: bupivacaine intoxication caused fall in arterial blood pressure, cardiac output and ventricular function and mainly important changes in vascular resistances. SMOF lipid emulsion therapy was able to improve blood pressure mainly by increasing vascular resistance since the cardiac output had no significant improvement in our study. The hemodynamic results with the use of lipid emulsion in bupivacaine intoxication were better than in the control group. Conclusion: The SMOF lipid emulsion is an interesting option to reverse the hemodynamic changes in case of bupivacaine intoxication / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Gilberto de Nucci / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T10:02:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AbibJunior_Eduardo_D.pdf: 639040 bytes, checksum: e96fa4a810e2980947816b23f3c078a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Objetivo: Esta tese tem por objetivos: avaliar a agregação plaquetária e o comportamento da pressão arterial em três momentos (sem alho; alho dose única (3,5 g) e alho dose diária (3,5 g) duas vezes ao dia por 4 dias) em voluntários sadios; Analisar a resposta de agregação plaquetária in vitro adicionando extrato de alho diluído em PRP e por ultimo correlacionar os dados obtidos da analise da agregação com os parâmetros TxB2, GMPc entre in vivo e in vivo. Para Analise em in vivo foram selecionados dezoito (18) voluntários do sexo masculino, entre 18 a 45 anos, saudáveis, para estudo não randomizado, aberto e divididos em tres grupos (Grupo Sem alho; Grupo Com Alho Único e Grupo Alho Diário). Amostras de sangue dos voluntários foram coletadas de acordo com horários pré-estabelecidos. Após execução da agregação plaquetária, Pressão arterial através da MAPA e quantificação dos níveis de TXB2, foram realizadas análises estatisticas. Para analise in vitro foram selecionados 5 voluntários sadios, de ambos os sexos, isentos de qualquer medicação uma semana antes coleta. O sangue foi coletado e o PRP foi separado e adicionado extrato de alho em volume determinado. Após execução da agregação plaquetária e quantificação dos níveis de TXB2, foram tb realizadas análises estatisticas. Tendo estes dados tanto in vivo quanto in vivo procedeu-se a analise comparativa entre eles. Resultados : Na analise in vivo, tanto a agregação plaquetária quanto a inibição da formação de TxB2 não se observou diferença entre os outros grupos independente do agonista utilizado. Na analise in vitro, os resultados sugeriram que o extrato de alho, em quantidades pequenas, inibi a agregação plaquetária Os resultados se confirmaram com o TXB2, pois quantidades de extrato que foram capazes de inibir a agregação plaquetária induzida por todos agonistas, inclusive àquela induzida por AA, não causou diminuição significativa da síntese de TXA2 induzida por AA. Houve variação significativa da PA sistólica e FC com administração diária de alho fresco comparada ao sem alho e alho único. Conclusão: Concluímos que outros mecanismos podem estar envolvidos na inibição da agregação plaquetária que não da inibição da ciclooxigenase plaquetária quando utilizado o extrato de alho. Não há uma inibição da agregação plaquetária através da ação sobre a ciclooxigenase quando observado em voluntários que ingeriram alho fresco. A administração de alho in natura, pequenas quantidades (3,5g de dente de alho = 16 mg alicina/g de alho) pode contribuir para promover alterações no comportamento hemodinâmico como observado através da MAPA em voluntários sadios / Abstract: Objective: This thesis has as objectives: to evaluate the platelet aggregation and the behavior of blood pressure in three moments (control; garlic single dose (3,5 g) and garlic daily dose (3,5 g) twice a day for 4 days) in healthy volunteers; To analyze the in vitro platelet aggregation answer adding garlic extract diluted in PRP and the last to correlate the obtained data from the aggregation analysis with the TxB2, GMPc parameters between in vivo and in vivo. For the in vivo Analysis eighteen (18) healthy volunteers of the masculine gender between 18 and 45 years old were selected, for an open, non-randomized study and divided into three groups (Control; Group With Single Garlic and Group Daily Garlic). Samples of the volunteers' blood were collected according to the pre-established schedules. After execution of the platelet aggregation, blood Pressure through AMBP and quantification of TXB2 levels , statistical analyses were accomplished. For in vitro analysis 5 healthy volunteers of both genders were selected, free of any medication one week before collection. The blood was collected and the PRP was separated and added garlic extract in determined volume. After execution of the platelet aggregation and quantification of TXB2 levels, statistical analyses were also accomplished. Having these in vivo data as well in in vivo the comparative analysis between them was preceeded. Results: There was significant variation of the systolic BP and HR with daily administration of fresh garlic compared to control and single garlic. Regarding the platelet aggregation it was observed difference between the daily garlic group and the other two groups (P <0.005) when used agonist arachidonic acid. In the in vitro analysis, the results suggested that the garlic extract, in small amounts, can inhibit the platelet aggregation without affecting in a significant way the activity of ciclooxygenase. The results were confirmed with the TXB2, for amounts of extract that were capable to inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by all agonists, including that one induced by AA, didn't cause significant decrease of TXA2 synthesis induced by AA. Conclusion: We concluded that other mechanisms can be involved in the inhibition of the platelet aggregation other than the inhibition of the platelet ciclooxygenase when used the garlic extract. There is not an inhibition of the platelet aggregation through the action on the ciclooxygenase when observed in volunteers that ingested fresh garlic. The administration of garlic in natura, small quantities (3,5g garlic glove = 16 mg allicim/g garlic) can contribute to promote alterations in the hemodynamic behavior as observed through the AMBP in healthy volunteers / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutor em Clínica Médica

Turbulent blood flow is involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. While it is known that turbulence is present in patients with obstructive disease in the major vessels, the magnitude and impact of turbulence in the normal heart and aorta is still relatively unexplored. Besides, existing analysis method of the blood flow is a labour intensive process and requires excessive amount of time. A method to automatically create hemodynamic atlases has been developed, using 4D Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a powerful tool to measure blood flow characteristics. The resulting atlases show the expected blood flow characteristics in the aorta for a group of similar subjects. Application of the method in healthy young and healthy old has shown significant differences in kinetic energy and turbulent kinetic energy in the aortic flow.

Ischemia and reperfusion are natural steps during kidney transplantation, and IRI is considered one of the most important nonspecific factors affecting allograft dysfunction. Transplanted organs experience several episodes of ischemia, in which cold ischemia occurs during allograft storage in preservation solutions. Even though cold ischemia has been studied extensively, all of the studies have been carried out in vitro and ex vivo models. There is no in vivo model available to examine renal IRI induced solely by cold ischemia. In the present study, we developed an in vivo mouse model to study renal IRI induced exclusively by cold ischemia through clamping the renal pedicle for 1 to 5 hours. During the ischemic phase, blood was flushed from the kidney with cold saline through a small opening on the renal vein. The kidney was kept cold in a kidney cup with circulating cooled saline, while the body temperature was maintained at 37℃ during the experiment. The level of kidney injury was evaluated by plasma creatinine, KIM-1, NAGL, GFR, and histology. Plasma creatinine was significantly increased from 0.15±0.04 mg/dl in the sham group to 1.14±0.21 and 2.65±0.14 mg/dl in 4 and 5-hours ischemia groups at 24 hours after cold IRI. The plasma creatinine in mice with ischemic time <3 hours demonstrated no significant increase compared with sham mice. Changes in KIM-1, NAGL, GFR and histology were similar to plasma creatinine. 65 In summary, we developed and characterized a novel in vivo IRI-induced AKI mouse model exclusively produced by cold ischemia.

L'utilité de toute technique de monitorage hémodynamique en réanimation est de procurer des informations fiables et reproductibles sur l'état cardio-circulatoire d'un patient présentant un état de choc. Les valeurs recueillies vont permettre au réanimateur de comprendre l'état dans lequel se trouve le patient et de prendre des décisions thérapeutiques plus éclairées dans le but d'optimiser l'état hémodynamique du patient et d'améliorer son pronostic. La surveillance hémodynamique est nécessaire pour évaluer la perfusion tissulaire globale et régionale. La correction de l'instabilité hémodynamique et de l'hypoperfusion tissulaire est essentielle pour prévenir la survenue d'une défaillance multiviscérale. La pratique de la réanimation est caractérisée par une relation temporelle très étroite entre la surveillance, la prise de décision et le traitement. Pour ce faire, le médecin réanimateur dispose d'un arsenal d'appareils de monitorage. Mais avant d'utiliser un dispositif, il est impératif que le clinicien ait de solides connaissances de la physiopathologie des états de choc afin de savoir quelles sont les paramètres qu'il souhaite monitorer. Dans la première partie de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes d'abord appliqués à rappeler quels sont les paramètres de monitorage hémodynamique disponibles pour le clinicien et le rationnel physiopathologique. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous avons présenté une revue des travaux originaux, les revues et les commentaires réalisés par l'auteur au cours de ces 4 dernières années sur plusieurs techniques de monitorage hémodynamique. Enfin, dans la troisième partie de ce travail, nous avons détaillé deux études expérimentales animales sur un modèle porcin en choc hémorragique : la première étudiant l'influence de l'hypovolémie sur le shunt intrapulmonaire d'animaux soumis à un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigu par acide oléique et la seconde étude concernant l'impact des amines vasopressives sur les indices dynamiques de la réponse au remplissage vasculaire. Ces deux travaux expérimentaux mettent en évidence la complexité d'interprétation du monitorage hémodynamique dans des situations complexes comme le choc hémorragique / The usefulness of any technique hemodynamic monitoring in the ICU is to provide reliable and reproducible information on the cardio-circulatory status of a patient with shock. The collected values will allow the intensivist to understand the condition in which the patient is located and to take more informed treatment decisions in order to optimize the hemodynamic status and improve patient prognosis. Hemodynamic monitoring is needed to assess global and regional tissue perfusion. The correction of hemodynamic instability and tissue hypoperfusion is essential for prevent the occurrence of multiple organ failure. The practice of resuscitation is characterized by a very close temporal relationship between the monitoring, decision making and processing. To do this, numbers of monitoring devices are available. But before using a device, it is imperative for the clinician to have the knowledge of the pathophysiology of states shock to find out which parameters he wishes to monitor. In the first part of this thesis, we first recalled which hemodynamic monitoring parameters are available for the clinician and there pathophysiological rationals

INTRODUÇÃO: Evidencia experimental sugere que padrões alterados de fluxo vascular, associados às bifurcações, estão envolvidos no desenvolvimento de lesões aneurismáticas. Pesquisamos os efeitos que a sobrecarga hemodinâmica condiciona sobre a parede arterial do ápice da bifurcação aórtica de modelos murinos. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos Wistar, selecionados e designados mediante amostragem probabilística simples foram agrupados equitativamente em um grupo controle e três grupos experimentais. Os espécimes foram anestesiados e sob magnificação microscópica, foi realizada uma incisão abdominal média e a aorta e os vasos ilíacos abordados e isolados desde a porção infra-renal até a porção distal da bifurcação. Modificação da geometria da bifurcação aórtica foi realizada mediante tunelamento da porção distal da artéria ilíaca no músculo ílio-lombar, no nível da raiz do membro inferior nos grupos II e IV. Nefrectomia esquerda e ligação da artéria renal inferior direita foram completadas para reforçar o estresse hemodinâmico nos grupos III e IV. Os modelos mantiveram-se em condições de laboratório convencionais com dieta standard para a espécie e água ad libitum para os grupos I e II e solução de NaCl 0,9% para os grupos III e IV. Após seis meses de seguimento, a bifurcação aórtica e as artérias ilíacas foram inspecionadas e subseqüentemente removidas para sua análise histopatológica. Um espécime por cada grupo foi submetido à angiografia digital com reconstrução tridimensional da bifurcação aórtica. RESULTADOS: 1) A pressão arterial, a freqüência cardíaca e a pressão de pulso entre os grupos, com e sem nefrectomia, mostraram diferenças com significância estatística (p <0,05). Os espécimes reunidos nos grupos III e IV que receberam sobrecarga de sódio desenvolveram um padrão hemodinâmico caracterizado por incremento da freqüência cardíaca e da pressão de pulso. 2) Seis espécimes (60%) do grupo IV desenvolveram aneurismas do ápice da bifurcação aórtica. 3) A avaliação angiográfica demonstrou que a morfologia da bifurcação do grupo controle se mantém sem modificações aparentes durante o período de seguimento. Entretanto, o grupo II apresenta dados de remodelamento longitudinal com tortuosidade e alongamento do tronco e ramos que conformam a bifurcação. Já o grupo III apresenta estenose proximal e dilatação incipiente da região do ápice da bifurcação em um padrão descrito como blister-like. Finalmente, o grupo IV demonstra aneurismas e estenoses múltiplas da porção proximal e distal ao divisor de fluxo. CONCLUSÕES: Em modelos murinos, deformações da geometria arterial, introduzidas por mudanças do ângulo de bifurcação, induzem a formação de aneurismas e a associação com hipertensão arterial, pressão de pulso aumentada, freqüência cardíaca elevada e sobrecarga de sódio potencializam a dilatação sacular desses segmentos / BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence indicates that altered patterns of vascular flow associated with bifurcations are involved in the development of aneurysmatic lesions. The effects of the hemodynamic overload on the arterial wall of the aortic bifurcation in murine models were studied. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were selected and assigned by simple random sampling into a control group and three experimental groups. The specimens were anesthetized. Under microscopic magnification an abdominal incision was performed and the aortic and iliac vessels were isolated from the infra-renal portion until the distal bifurcation. The modification of the geometry of the aortic bifurcation was accomplished by tunneling of the distal iliac artery into ilio-lumbar muscle in groups II and IV. Left nephrectomy and ligation of inferior right renal artery were completed to enhance the hemodynamic stress in groups III and IV. The models were maintained in conventional laboratory conditions with standard diet for the species and water ad libitum for groups I and II, and NaCl 0.9% for groups III and IV. After six months of follow up, the aortic bifurcation and iliac arteries were inspected and subsequently removed to its histopathological evaluation. One specimen from each group underwent angiography with digital three-dimensional reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation prior to sacrifice. RESULTS: 1) Blood pressure, heart rate and pulse pressure between the groups with and without nephrectomy showed statistically significant differences (p <0.05). The specimens collected in groups III and IV who received sodium overload developed a hemodynamic pattern characterized by increased heart rate and pulse pressure. 2) Six specimens (60%) in group IV developed aneurysmatic dilatation of the apex of the aortic bifurcation. 3) The angiographic evaluation showed that the morphology of the bifurcation of the control group remains unchanged during the study period. However, group II presents data from longitudinal remodeling with tortuosity and lengthening of the trunk and branches that make up the fork. The Group III presents stenosis and proximal dilatation of the apex of the bifurcation in a pattern described as blister-like. Finally, Group IV shows multiple stenosis proximal and distal to the flow divider. CONCLUSIONS: In murine models, the geometry deformation introduced by changes in the angle of bifurcation, induce inflammation of the flow divider, whereas, high blood pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate and high sodium overload catalyze the aneurysmatic dilatation of these segments

Blood flow through microcirculation in both simple and complex geometry has been difficult to predict due to the composition and complex behavior of blood at the microscale. Blood is a dense suspension of deformable red blood cells that is comparable in dimensions to the microchannels that it flows through. As a result, rheological properties at the microscale can vastly differ from bulk rheological properties due to non-continuum effects. To further develop our understanding of blood microflow; experimental techniques should be explored. In this work, we explore micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV) and two-beam fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (2bFCCS) in the application of characterizing blood in microflow conditions. For the development of the μPIV analysis, a polydimethylsiloxane co-flow channel is used to observe blood flow in controlled conditions. Flow conditions (velocity profile and blood layer thickness) are selected based on an analytical model and compared to experimental measurement. The experimental results presented indicate that current flow conditions are inadequate in providing a controlled rate of shear on the blood layer in the co-flow channel and further optimization are required to improve the measurement of the velocity profile. For the development of the 2bFCCS application for blood flow analysis, a wide glass capillary microfluidic device is used to complete the verification of fluorescence fluid admissibility, the effect of laser intensity on inducing photobleaching and the velocity measurement performance. The experimental measurement of the velocity profile is validated against the theoretical profile for a rectangular channel. Results of the velocity profile of high concentration red blood cells show promise in the technique’s ability to measure blood microflows closer to physiological conditions.

Obesity, as an inflammatory state, can cause multi-organ disease, which often manifested in poor physical fitness involving the respiratory, cardio-vascular and muscles limitation. Bariatric surgery has become an important treatment option in severe obesity. The remarkably and rapid surgical weight loss, the obese patient gave feedback that they can walk further, but feels “no energy in his feet to speed up, when they need to run a few steps to catch the bus”. Had her physical condition already improved? Does weight loss after surgery equal improved physical condition? How does the heart, lungs, and muscles response to exercise? In order to search for the answer, we reviewed the previous relevant research, regarding the changes of postoperative aerobic capacity and we tried to discuss from a holistic perspective our observations.The thesis is divided into two modules including three studies.The first module including study 1 and 2, which are designed to identifies the determinants of the aerobic exercise capacity following weight loss reduced by bariatric surgery. We turn the daily problems feedback from obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery into three scientific questions:- What is the impact of adipose tissue on determinants of aerobic exercise capacity?- What is the impact of bariatric surgery on determinants of aerobic exercise capacity?- Do obese patients return to normal after bariatric surgery?Based on the limited knowledge and experience of predecessors about how obesity influences exercise pulmonary hemodynamics, the second module including study 3, which are designed to further analysed the right ventricle - pulmonary circulation during exercise and to answer the following question:- how does obesity affect right ventricular, pulmonary circulation and gas exchange adaptation during exercise?To answer these questions, we recruited 29 obese subjects and paired to age-, sex- and height- matched 29 healthy controls. A subgroup of thirteen patients who underwent bariatric surgery were retested 6 months after surgery and compared with theirs controls. Then, we comprehensive analysed the results of following tests: blood test, clinical assessment, body composition analysis, muscle strength measurements, pulmonary function (spirometry and diffusion capacity), exercise stress echocardiography, questionnaires and exercise capacity tests.The results of study 1 shown that, obese subjects had lower weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SF-36 scores, maximal workload and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) relative to body weight, but similar absolute VO2peak. Bariatric surgery resulted in -22% body weight,vi- 34% fat mass, -40% visceral adipose tissue and -12% lean mass (LM) changes. Absolute handgrip, quadriceps or respiratory muscle strength remained unaffected but accompanied by an increase in MVPA, SF-36 scores and quadriceps strength relative to LM. No changes in absolute VO2peak were observed after surgery but the ventilatory threshold was decreased.The results of study 2 shown that, obese subject had lower resting lung diffusion capacity with mainly a reduction in pulmonary capillary blood volume and alveolar volume (VA). After bariatric surgery, lung diffusion capacity for nitric oxide, VA and membrane diffusion capacity have improved to varying degrees.The results of study 3 shown that, there was no difference in pulmonary circulation at rest between the two groups, but the pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRi) was higher with lower heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index (CI) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in obese subjects at peak exercise. After being normalized by CI at a common maximum exercise level, the PVRi was still higher, but the difference of mPAP disappeared and manifested a higher mPAP and mPAP/CI slope. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion /systolic PAP was lower at rest and at a common maximum exercise level when normalized by CI.In summary, obesity was associated to low vigorous daily physical activity levels, SF-36 physical and mental component scores, higher muscle mass but lower strength/LM ratio and aerobic capacity. Lower spirometry and lung diffusion capacity with mainly reduction in Vc and VA may also limit maximum aerobic exercise capacity. At rest, the pulmonary hemodynamic is preserved, but with a weakness of right ventricular-arterial coupling. At exercise, obesity has a modest, but observable impact on the pulmonary circulation and right ventricular adaptation at exercise, with unexhausted chronotropic reserve and normal chemo-sensibility.Bariatric surgery shows beneficial effects on fat mass loss, metabolic parameters, daily physical activities, SF-36 scores, lung function and stimulated the chronotropic response. However, aerobic capacity is not improved and is associated with a reduced LM and ventilatory threshold potentially triggering hyperventilation. / Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished