This ethnoarchaoeological research project examines how pottery is used in the construction, maintenance and reconstruction of the contemporary Vigan community in the province of Ilocos Sur, northern Philippines. During the past decade, the city of Vigan has been reconstructing its community identity as part of its transformation as one of UNESCO's World Heritage Site. Within this context, Vigan has been packaging a set of key symbols that help construct and convey a distinct sense of community identity. Significantly, local craft objects and crafting practices have been used to convey images and meanings of what it considers to be a part of community heritage. This study specifically investigates how the framing of burnay pottery production as a local craft tradition led to the privileging of burnay jars in representing the Vigan community. However, because the technology of burnay pottery production was introduced by Chinese immigrants in the late nineteenth century, its framing as a local tradition seems contradictory. By analyzing the technological attributes and production practices of the burnay pottery tradition, this study examines the contradictions and coherence in claims of heritage in crafting practices. Furthermore, in examining the transformation of an adopted technological practice into a local tradition, this study explores the construction of value surrounding the burnay pottery tradition and burnay jars within the Vigan community. It highlights the practice and performance of the burnay pottery tradition in attributing value to burnay jars as an important symbol for contemporary Vigan community identity.

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In Europe and beyond, pilgrimage centres attract millions of visitors each year. This popularity has provoked a burgeoning academic interest in pilgrimage, and this thesis builds on this expanding literature. It emerges out of a dialogue between old and new forms of movement – a conversation that demands further research on the relationship between religious traditions and late–modern consumer culture, a dialogue made explicit through the study of pilgrimage. Although this thesis pays attention to one case study in particular, namely the Camino de Santiago de Compostela in northern Spain, it draws on multi–disciplinary research in order to set a broader context. It reveals four motivational themes, derived from interviews with pilgrims on the road to Compostela. These I explore in depth through qualitative analysis, while at the same time taking note of parallel quantitative work concerned with the Camino de Santiago as well as other pilgrimage sites in Europe. Ranging from the search for spirituality to recreation, motivations are found to be the result of a conflation of meanings; they are ambiguous narratives, which very often include spiritual as well as secular aspirations. My findings suggest a de–differentiation of poles of meaning such as sacred and profane, movement and place, religion and secularity, community and individual. In short, this is a methodologically diverse study which argues that, contrary to perception, traditional forms of religious rituals are not necessarily incompatible with late–modern consumer culture. Through consumer culture religious traditions are being revitalized. The renewed popularity of pilgrimage today demonstrates how some religious landscapes and spaces have remained important through political and religious movements, while others have been regenerated by literature, new media, specialist tourist markets, advertising and private enterprise. Finally, this study reveals a noticeable democratization of traditional rites, and the landscapes in which they take place. A very wide variety of groups and individuals visit them.

The current lack of federal heritage policy and legislation in Canada is examined through a comparative study with two other formerly colonial Commonwealth countries, Australia and New Zealand. The full responsibility for protecting the nation’s cultural heritage has been left to individual provinces and a comparative study of policy and legislation across Canada is undertaken. The archaeological excavation at the site of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights has proven to be one of the most significant in the province of Manitoba and serves as the case study for this research. All of this comparative research aspires toward a single goal; the creation of a best practices model broadly applicable to the provinces of Canada, which aims to provide a basis for the creation of federal heritage policy and legislation in meaningful consultation with Indigenous communities. / February 2017

Since 2000, important advances have been made worldwide in the dendrochronology of wood associated with past human activity and cultural heritage. This review summarizes this recent progress in regions with a longstanding tradition of using tree-ring methods, such as Europe and the USA, as well as others such as Asia where developments have been particularly rapid in recent years. The oldest wood generally originates from archaeological sites and the largest amount of wood for research comes from historical structures such as monumental and vernacular architecture. In addition to construction wood, wooden doors, ceilings, furniture, objects of art (such as panel paintings and sculptures), Medieval books, musical instruments and boats can also be utilized. Dating is the first and crucial step of the research and is often difficult even in regions where dendrochronology has a long history of use. In addition to absolute dates, dendrochronology has provided extra information that has enhanced historical knowledge from other sources. Behavioral and environmental inferencing and dendroprovenancing are becoming major areas of research in regions with well-developed networks of reference chronologies and active cooperation among laboratories. The online Bibliography of Dendrochronology and information from conferences have been indispensable in this compilation, because much work related to dendrochronology in cultural heritage is still published in ‘‘gray’’ literature, making it difficult to access.

New forms of tourism are on the rise where the incentive to travel is not primarily induced by a country’s heritage, but by mediatized narratives, characters and locations starring in products such as movies, comics and literature. This so-called contents tourism is considered promising by some, but the question is: who benefits? Europe is often understood as the old continent, a place with a rich history. Modern products capitalize on this sense of oldness and tell new narratives, providing Europe with new identities. These differing identities create challenges for cities and therefore demand to be mitigated. Utilizing the Japanese concept of contents tourism, this thesis aims to shed a light on the impact of these forms of tourism on city identities. This provides a better understanding on how interests, and entwined identities, challenge one another in European cities. Three case studies are employed: Harry Potter tourism in Oxford, tourism induced by the Millennium series in Stockholm and Twilight tourism in the Italian city of Volterra. It argues that there are three ways in which a city can perceive identities brought about by contents tourism: acceptance, indifference or reluctance. Not all alternative identities are considered challenging, but contents tourism influences city identities regardless.

SUMMARY: World cultural and natural heritage and its legal regulation Diploma thesis deals with legal regulation of world cultural and natural heritage that is incorporated in Convention Concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage adopted on 16 November 1972. The thesis consists of six chapters. Fundamental chapter is titled International legal sources of cultural and natural heritage protection and is divided into three parts: the first is about World Heritage Convention and the rest two parts deal with other conservation conventions focused on cultural or natural heritage. The third chapter is devoted to the question of international states responsibility for destruction of its own cultural heritage on the example of Bamiyan Buddha's, whose demolition was ordered by Taliban regime in 2001. The fourth chapter introduces main international organizations and institutions that support protection of world heritage. Relations between conservation of cultural and natural heritage and European Union are subject of fifth chapter. The last chapter deals with Czech legislation those implements obligations of international conservation conventions. Purpose of this diploma thesis is to find the answer to the question whether there is such effective legal regulation to protect and conserve...

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo investigar a constituição física e simbólica do Lago Igapó II, localizado na área urbana de Londrina (PR), reconhecendo nele um patrimônio cultural dos londrinenses. Primeiramente, buscamos construir uma narrativa para o objeto, abordando momentos que seriam importantes para o seu entendimento como um patrimônio e que possibilitassem compreender a relação urbano versus natureza ao longo da história da cidade. Em seguida, procuramos identificar e analisar de que maneira e em que medida os vetores -- poder público, sociedade civil e iniciativa privada --, por meio de parcerias e embates, incidiram sobre o Igapó II, fazendo com que a paisagem fosse incorporada ao processo de verticalização, ao mesmo tempo em que o próprio objeto era transformado em área de lazer e defendido como uma porção de natureza na cidade. Por fim, investigamos a natureza na esfera do patrimônio cultural por meio dos valores que a sociedade atribui ao Igapó II. São explorados seus valores ambiental, histórico e afetivo, fundamentados em referências bibliográficas, em algumas redes sociais virtuais e, sobretudo, em questionários aplicados aos frequentadores do lago e do aterro. De modo abrangente, a pesquisa busca desnaturalizar valores consolidados nesse campo e propõe uma perspectiva do patrimônio não como objeto colecionável e/ou tombado, mas como vivências, como algo que não pontua, mas que permeia a cidade, tendo como foco não as coisas, mas as pessoas. / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the physical and symbolic constitution of Igapó II Lake, located in the metropolitan area of Londrina, Paraná, recognizing it as an affective heritage site for locals. In the first section, I seek to construct a narrative for the subject matter, mentioning moments in time that played an important part in it being conceived of as heritage, and which allowed for a better understanding of the relationship between urban and natural elements throughout the city\'s history. The second part focuses on identifying and analyzing how, and to what extent, the different players--government, civil society and the private sector--acted upon Igapó II through partnerships and conflicts, helping incorporate its landscape into the city\'s vertical turn while at the same time transforming the lake into a leisure destination and defending it as a patch of nature in the city. Finally, I investigate the role of nature in the context of cultural heritage by looking at the values that society places on Igapó II. The lake\'s environmental, historic and affective values are explored, based on the literature reviewed, on some virtual social networks and, above all, on questionnaires answered by visitors to the lake and the surrounding park, built on reclaimed land. In a comprehensive manner, the research seeks to revisit deeply held values in this field, and proposes a perspective on heritage that recognizes it not as collectible and/or protected objects, but rather as experiences; not as an attraction, but as something that pervades the city; with a focus on people, and not on things.

Dentro do vasto campo de pesquisa que o quadro das relações entre mudança e permanência na arquitetura pode oferecer, esta dissertação abordará tal questão através da análise de exemplares arquitetônicos que, na tentativa de se adaptarem às novas exigências da sociedade, tiveram sua configuração original modificada. Mais especificamente, o estudo de caso desta dissertação consiste na análise de antigas residências recifenses cuja configuração espacial tenha sido alterada com objetivo de adaptá-las a uma nova função. A análise de tais exemplares tem como fim o desenvolvimento de métodos sistemáticos que possibilitem estabelecer, de forma objetiva, \"graus de transformação\" em relação às configurações espaciais das antigas residências. O objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste, portanto, em demonstrar como o uso de indicadores numéricos pode auxiliar a análise de modificações em objetos arquitetônicos e, consequentemente, pode se apresentar como instrumento útil para a verificação e monitoramento da integridade desses bens. / In the broad field of research that a framework for relations between change and permanence in architecture can offer, this dissertation will address this question through the analysis of architectural specimens that, in an attempt to adapt to new demands of society, had modified its original configuration. More specifically, the case study of this dissertation consists in the analysis of ancient residences of Recife whose spatial configuration has been changed in order to adapt them to a new role. The analysis of such specimens aims to develop systematic methods wich will allow to objectively establish \"degrees of transformation\" regarding the spatial configurations of the old residences. The overall objective of this research is to show how the use of numerical indicators can assist in examining the changes in architectural objects and therefore can be presented as a useful instrument for checking and monitoring the integrity of these buildings.