On 10 January 2014, the New York Times placed Cape Town at the top of its list of the "52 places to go in 2014". The hopeful rhetoric of the city as ultimate holiday destination, African creative metropolis, prime global-events location and city of freedom indicates powerful cultural discourses at work. Looking at how Cape Town is simultaneously reinvented and haunted, this thesis poses a set of questions regarding the discourses associated with the reinvention of the city, on the one hand, and the city's unresolved pasts, on the other. Situated at the convergence of two fields, Urban Studies and Heritage Studies, it sets out to investigate the workings of heritage and urban-design discourses in the city of Cape Town over the period of 2002 to 2014. It describes the unfolding of these discourses, and discusses the organisational process of both the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2014 World Design Capital in relation to the exhumation of human remains at District One and the restitution of land at District Six. Using as its methodology a combination of embedded ethnographic research, qualitative indepth interviews, desktop and archival research, and a form of embodied research, the thesis points to a historical hinge upon which these discourses shift. Through discourse analysis, it examines what this discursive shift entails, and how it takes place. It points to "moments of poignancy" in the construction of Cape Town's recent urban transformation. As such, this study offers a series of insights into the links between colonial modernity, on the one hand, and the origins of contemporary heritage and urban-design discourses in Cape Town, on the other. It examines the function of official discourse concerning the design of the city, as well as the sudden eruptions of public dissent that disturb this official discourse. The central argument of this thesis is that, through an in-depth understanding of the shifts, transformations and internal workings of the discourses of heritage and urban design, a critique can be made of the way contemporary Cape Town has been repositioned in relation to the city's past, present and future.

This study seeks to examine and trace the notion of state prioritisation of heritage in relation to state intervention through political, policy and governance regimes in heritage management in South Africa. The study covers key highlights in the evolution of heritage management and developments through specific epochs and contexts such as the colonial, apartheid and post-colonial South Africa. Drawing on theories such as 'governmentality' and 'authorised heritage discourse' the study provides a perspective on the extent of state influence and dominance in the formalisation of heritage management through policy, legal instruments and governance processes. Using the National Liberation Heritage Route project in South Africa as a case study, the research illustrates the notion of state prioritisation of heritage in relation to the deployment and mobilisation of state resources (policy, legal instruments and material resources) in heritage management to support a select past as 'official' heritage of the nation state. The politics of transforming the heritage landscape in post-1994 South Africa witnessed the emergence of the idea of state prioritisation of the liberation heritage as a site for restorative justice particularly to honour and recognize the legacy of the political struggles for freedom against colonialism and apartheid. Conversely, the framing of the liberation heritage also demonstrates political uses of heritage at expedient moments to achieve political goals by the regime in power and state control. While normative approaches to heritage management tend to emphasise the disjuncture between colonial and post-colonial periods, the results of this study confirm strong ties to colonial and European influences across these categories. The findings outline the complexity of state intervention and its inherent biases that inform the governance of heritage. In this light the study contributes to ongoing research on the discourse of evaluating the global, local, and transnational dimensions of heritage management and practices, in relation to the problematics of heritage as mainly a product of state authority and political power.

The aim of this thesis is to acquire a deeper understanding of the relationship betweenheritage management, the tourism industry and perceptions of authenticity in the worldheritage site of Stone Town in Zanzibar, Tanzania. This is a case study within the field ofheritage studies with a focus on planning and the production of authenticity. In this study Iintend to shed light on the ideas and perceptions on authenticity that shapes the conservationand promotion of the world heritage of Stone Town. Furthermore I wish to examine how thetourists in Stone Town interact and relates to this imagery. This study contains number ofqualitative interviews with planners, heritage officials, policy-makers and tourists in StoneTown who gives their perspective on culture, history and perceptions on authenticity. Theconcept of authenticity will be discussed using a constructivistic approach in order to revealinherent power relations within Zanzibari interpretations on authenticity. One of the keyfindings in this study is that the focus on historic cosmopolitanism, which is seen as a majorpart of the Zanzibari heritage, is believed to be threatened by new influences from heritagetourism and immigration from East Africa. This results in a exclusionary policy-making andnarrow perspectives on Zanzibari culture.

This master’s thesis in the realm of cultural heritage deals with the changes in identity, memory and interactions with heritage and culture among the Estonian Seto community in relation to the control line, wishing to evaluate what sort of everyday changes have taken place, as well as changes in cultural celebrations and traditions. It also seeks to analyse how the Setos on the Estonian side perceive the Seto culture across the border, and how they view their own situation in a changing landscape. In addition to this, the participants’ views on how they wish to see the situation with the control line mitigated are investigated. All these changes are framed by theories on cultural memory and border-making. The thesis uses qualitative interviews to gather the necessary data. The results reveal that many changes the Seto community face are connected to loss and restricted access, affecting the cultural memory of the community. The restrictive border is also a tool used in identity creation, using "lost ancestral lands" to create a view of the past that supports the existence of a strong and unified Seto community mitigating a loss.

This master thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies is written as part of the final examination of the Master Program in Archive, Library and Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies at Uppsala university. The study is also done within the framework of the Kulturarvet som högskolepedagogisk resurs vid Uppsala universitet project at Uppsala university.The thesis focus on the university museums in Uppsala and their relationships to LGBTQ. The main theoretical framework consists of queer theory and critical cultural heritage theory. The qualitative methods used are interviews and close reading. The study aims to analyze the way the Uppsala university museum managers talk about museums and LGBTQ and study the legal framework and the political climate in Sweden in regards to LGBTQ-issues at university museums.A central conclusion is a problematic framework surrounding the university museums and LGBTQ. The university museums exist in a gray area between being museums and parts of the university. This means specific laws, regulations, recommendations and guidelines about LGBTQ-issues at museums and universities are hard to apply at the university museums. The Uppsala university museum managers give voice to a situation where the museums lack the recourses and the incentive to deal with the complex issue of LGBTQ representation and perspectives. The close relationship between specific academic fields and the university museums also reflects in the way the museums deal with LGBTQ. This affects the way the museums interact with the university and the public since the museums unintentionally reproduce old heteronormative narratives. / I takt med att föreställningar och attityder i samhället förändras händer även något med museers verksamhet. Både sett till vad museer väljer att fokusera på och vad samhället förväntar sig av verksamheterna. Hbtq har kommit att bli allt mer aktuellt för de svenska museerna under de senaste åren. Denna studie har tittat på hur Uppsala universitetsmuseer förhåller sig till hbtq-perspektiv och -frågor. Studien utgår från kvalitativa intervjuer med museichefer från de fyra universitetsmuseerna som finns i Uppsala. De berörda museerna är Evolutions-museet, Museum Gustavianum, Uppsala linneanska trädgårdar och Medicin-historiska museet. Vad museicheferna berättar och hur de resonerar kring hbtq i relation till sina respektive verksamheter studeras. Likaså omfattar studien en närläsning av Uppsala universitets policydokument och verksamhetsmål, relevant lagstiftning samt kultur- och utbildningspolitiska dokument. I grunden finns ett teoretiskt perspektiv som tar utgång ur queerteori och kritiska kulturarvsstudier. Ett återkommande tema är den komplexa kontexten universitetsmuseerna befinner sig i. Bristen på direktiv och applicerbar lagstiftning innebär att hbtq inte integrerats i universitetsmuseernas verksamhet. Trots att museicheferna visade intresse för frågorna gav de även uttryck för upplevda svårigheter med att integrera och arbeta med hbtq i verksamheterna, vilket återspeglas i avsaknaden av satsningar. Detta kan ses som ett resultat av bortprioritering av frågorna inom Uppsala universitetet bl.a. som följd av en heteronormativt syn inom akademiska fält. Problematiken i relation till detta är att det påverkar vad museerna förmedlar till allmänheten och studenter samt vilka möjligheter det finns att inkludera universitetsmuseer i Uppsala universitets undervisning och forskning. / Kulturarvet som högskolepedagogisk resurs på Uppsala universitet

The Christian cultural heritage of north Africa is ancient and rich, but at risk after recent political events. Many Christian minority communities living in Islamic environments feel at risk of persecution. This is a topical and timely PhD. The Christian, Coptic heritage of Egypt remains poorly studied from the perspective of heritage management and is also at risk from a number of factors. Using first-hand study and analysis based upon original fieldwork, the thesis offers a state of the art assessment to risks facing Coptic monuments in Egypt today. It does this by situating Egyptian heritage policy within the English framework, and it establishes theoretical approaches to value, significance, meaning, and interpretation in Egyptian heritage within a wider global framework. It is based on the analysis of three markedly different Egyptian Christian Coptic sites, each with their own unique management issues and it offers a series of solutions and ideas to preserve, manage and interpret this unique material culture and to emphasise community solutions as being the most viable and sustainable approaches, whilst taking into account the varied levels of significance of these monuments.

This paper focuses on Swedish practices regarding the collecting and exhibiting of Egyptian cultural items at the Victoria Museum in Uppsala during the period between 1882 and 1904. It works to establish who the individuals responsible for this collection were, what their social standing were and how they were connected to each other and other foreign collecting practitioners using the actornetwork-theory and comparative studies.

Heritage is a concept that has received abundant critical attention within the academy. This study seeks to extend this critique by demonstrating the value of long-term ethnographic research and analysis of heritage processes on the Main Islands of Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). As the FSM staff cultural anthropologist for 23 months, the author utilizes interview and participant observation data collected during a total of over 2 years in the field to uncover and analyze the production of cultural heritage discourses on Yap’s Main Islands. With a central goal to understand locally produced views and values of stakeholders toward their heritage, including what exactly it is they wish to preserve and why, findings were analyzed to generate culturally informed strategies that local communities can consider in order to best meet their heritage interests. Local discourses on heritage being produced by Yapese Main Islander stakeholders in Yap demonstrate views and values toward preserving primarily intangible elements of their heritage within the sphere of Chambers’ (2006) private heritage construct. Attending to the processes that facilitate private heritage transmission should therefore be a central strategy in preservation efforts. Additionally, a political economy approach to investigating the production of local discourses on heritage emerges as a productive alternative to the critical discourse analysis (CDA) paradigm that largely discounts the locally contingent historic, economic, social and political structures that are daily mediated as stakeholders look to the past to confront their presents and futures.

The purpose of this essay is to analyze how the Kalmar Art Museum's exhibitions use history during the period 1975-1985. This is examined in relation to previous research on how cultural policy manifests itself in Kalmar Art Museum's operations. By applying critical heritage studies, with concepts borrowed from postcolonialism and gendertheory, the essay will in turn identify three themes in Kalmar Art Museum's exhibitions: use of history, other cultures and gender. Empirical evidence shows that there are clear connections between Kalmar Art Museum's themes and the cultural policy at the time. This is evident in how the 70s were characterized by a problematizing view of history that goes hand in hand with the museum and cultural policies ambitions to devotethemselves to regionalization and public education. At the same time, the study willshow how at the end of the decade there is a change in how the museum markets itselfand creates a brand, which is further strengthened during the 80s. This change manifestsitself in how the museum devotes itself to an idealizing use of history that lacksproblematization to a greater extent.

This thesis examines the history of the cultural heritage site of Eketorp, a prehistoric ring-fort, on the island of Öland, Sweden. The archaeological excavations at Eketorp, which began in 1964, lasted for a decade and soon turned into one of the largest archaeological research projects in Sweden. The scale and the implementation of the excavations, as an interdisciplinary and international research project, fostered a whole generation of archaeologists and resulted in numerous research publications. After the excavations the archaeological site was transformed into a full-scale archaeological reconstruction by the Swedish National Heritage Board. Since the mid-1980s the site has been a popular tourist attraction and open-air museum. The history of the site itself connects to several academic fields, including archaeology, history of archaeology, cultural heritage and museum studies. Through Ludwig Fleck’s concept thought collective and Donna Haraway’s situated knowledge, which are used as analytical tools, the aim of this thesis is to explore how these different fields interacted throughout the history of Eketorp. Further, the analytical tools are used to highlight how these interactions have generated notions of time, space, and gender. The study takes an interdisciplinary approach with the history of Eketorp analysed in three analytical chapters, each of them with different chronological and empirical focus. First, Eketorp is explored as a contemporary museum space through ethnographic fieldwork. Second, archive material is used to analyse how the archaeological excavation and the following archaeological reconstruction were conducted during the 1960s and onwards. Third, scientific texts are used to analyse how interpretations of Eketorp as a prehistoric site has changed. The concluding chapter integrates the results of the three chapters in order to critically examine how notions of time, space and gender interconnect between these fields. Illustrated by a wide chronological and interdisciplinary approach, the central argument of the thesis is thus that the Eketorp thought collective and thought style, intimately connected to hierarchies in academic practice, were created, performed, and maintained through several scientific and heritage institutions.