<p>What I shall consider in this thesis is the degree to which language structure and usage must be considered if we wish to grasp the nature of that being we term the 'self' - the subject that I am, and that others presumably are. Stated in its strongest terms, the view I wish to explore is not simply that the medium of our understanding of the self is language, but the further and more control controversial claim that this self is constituted in and through language usage~ and More particularly through self-narration.</p> <p>The thesis is intended as an elucidation and integration of various 20th century reactions to the modernist, and essentially Cartesian, conceptions of the self, self-understanding, and personal identity. At this level of analysis the thesis will be fairly eclectic, ranging through phenomenology, literary theory, deconstruction, semiotics and psychoanalysis. The goal and systematic aim of this survey, however, is to develop on the basis of these investigations what I take to be a properly hermeneutic view of the self and self identity.</p> <p>The contribution to knowledge afforded by the present enterprise lies in its synthesizing of the disparate trends in contemporary thought into a plausible and provocative account of the human subject in relation to language.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The research presented here is of a sort almost never seen in today's social science work. Attempted here is a hermeneutical examination of teacher education literature of the 1970's, with the goal of revealing what otherwise would and generally does go unseen by most who practice and study teacher education, the tacitly held and taken-for-granted pre-judgements or prejudices which make such teacher education the reality it is. That is to say, the aim of this research is to "go behind what is said" in this literature in order to reveal the questions to which the literature's contents are the answer. This is necessary because such prejudices, such questions, determine in the first place the sorts of answers which can be given, by excluding other questions and points of origin, and thereby structure the form and content of teacher education as it is lived. The more specific purpose of this "going behind what is said," apart from merely revealing such prejudices, is, however, to examine them after they are revealed in order to reach a judgement as to whether or not some portion or, perhaps, all of these prejudices reflect a belief in and devotion to the alienated consciousness of technological thinking. This revelation and this judgement are presented in a chapter of nine sections: Professionalism; Management, Control, and Systems; Humans as Substances; Rationalism, Empiricism, Knowledge, and Morality; Learning, Teaching, and Academics; Education as School; Selling Materialism; Meritocracy and the Perfectability of Humans; Freedom, Participation, Community, and Power. These investigations leave little doubt, it seems, that teacher education and teacher educators in the United States during the 1970's, and by inference today also, are engrossed in and committed to technological thinking as the founding source of such work, and that such belief and commitment threaten not only teacher education as a viable human event but also the entire education "enterprise" as an authentic activity of human living.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As presentes reflexões tiveram por objetivo colocar, de um modo filosófico, a pergunta pelo conceito de princípio, suscitando, pelos procedimentos da fenomenologia hermenêutica, a desobstrução das sedimentações produzidas pela linguagem jurídica, para apanhá-lo em seu modo de acontecer. Isto porque, na lida cotidiana dos juristas, o termo princípio é empregado de diversas maneiras que apontam para significados opostos. Para compreender estes significados foi preciso imergir até uma dimensão profunda, no interior da qual aparecessem os fundamentos que estão por trás de cada um deles. Essa dimensão fundamental, que de certo modo sustenta o discurso sobre o direito, foi colocada tendo na filosofia do direito de Kant seu ponto de estofo. Colocando Kant como elemento capilarizador da reflexão filosófica sobre o direito, foi possível perceber como se edificou a tradição sobre a qual estão assentadas as principais teorias do direito que se construíram no continente durante a primeira metade do século 20. Isso nos pe / The reflections expressed in this work had as their objective to phrase philosophically the question for the concept of principle, using the procedures of hermeneutical phenomenology to give rise to the deconstruction of sedimentations produced by legal language, catching them in their way of happening. We proceed this way because in jurist’s everyday life the word principle is employed in different ways, leading to opposite meanings. To understand such meanings we had to dive into a deep dimension into which the basis behind each one would appear. Such a fundamental dimension, which in a way supports the discourse about Law, was placed having Kant’s legal philosophy as it’s central point. Placing Kant as an element to spray philosophical thought on Law it was possible to realize how was edified the tradition over which are settled the main legal theories built in the Continent during the first half of the 20th century. This allowed us to show how Robert Alexy inherits an irreconcilable aporia: the phenomenon

Hermeneutic rules (so-called middot), which developed during the process of the rabbinic literature formation, partially under sopherims' or Greek influence, provided with one of the main viewpoints of hypotext choice in poetry, ruled a combination and an arrangement of elements in poetry. These principles, differenciated during the 2nd century A.D. into two systems - r. Yishma'el's and r. Eli'eser b. Josi ha-gelili's lists (for halakhic and aggadic interpretation) underwent a process of contraction in piyyut. From the recent point of view is the rabbinic hypotext identification possible at most half, since partially poets advanced on the basis of the midrashic texts available, different from extant textual versions. On the basis of original textual variants connected with the identification of the hypotext, this thesis arrived at a comparative work on the development and the understanding of implicite and explicite application of hermeneutic rules. The synagogal poetry assumed a didactical function and historical remembrance function following pre-classical period. As a result of poetic activity the originated the didactical text, which instructed, assisted at the preservation of lessons and topoi taught in yeshibot (Ashkenaz), scholarly circles (Rome, Apulia, Calabria) and later on in synagogues.

Uppsatsen undersöker via fem intervjuer hur biståndshandläggare resonerar kring ett biståndsärende gällande hemtjänstinsatser i äldreomsorgen och hur de motiverar sina bedömningar och beslut. Intervjuerna har företagits på biståndsenheten i Östersund i Jämtlands län. En vinjett som beskriver ett påhittat biståndsärende har stått som utgångspunkt för alla intervjuer och en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk analysmetod har använts vid framtagandet och tolkandet av resultaten. Resultaten som framkommit i studien antyder att biståndshandläggarna i Östersund tenderar att se till både sociala, fysiska, medicinska och psykiska behov hos kunden vid biståndsbedömning. När det kommer till gränssättning av hemtjänstinsatsers omfattning tenderar handläggarna också att vara relativt generösa i sina bedömningar. Hur gränserna sätts verkar emellertid vara något otydligt, delvis eftersom de inte har hjälp av några fastställda riktlinjer och att begreppet skälig levnadsnivå är så pass svårdefinierat. Förslag på framtida forskning, som ges i uppsatsen, är dels att utreda om det stämmer att biståndshandläggarna i Östersund är lika bra på att se helhetsbilden vid biståndsbedömning som studiens resultat föreslår. Att mer noggrant undersöka hur socialtjänstlagens begrepp skälig levnadsnivå tolkas av biståndshandläggarna – och hur det påverkar dem i deras bedömningar – är också ett förslag till vidare forskning. / Through five interviews the essay examines how care managers reason about a case concerning home help services in elderly care and how they motivates their judgments and decisions. The interviews have been undertaken in the city of Östersund in Jämtland. A vignette describing a fictitious case has been the starting point for all interviews and a phenomenological hermeneutical analysis has been used in the producing and interpretation of the results.                       The results emerging from the study suggests that care managers in Östersund tend to look to both the social, physical, medical and psychological needs of the customer when making their decisions. When it comes to setting boundaries of home care interventions the care managers also seem to be quite generous. How to set the boundaries does however appear to be somewhat unclear, partly because they do not have the help of established guidelines and that the concept of decent standard of living (skälig levnadsnivå) is so difficult to define. One suggestion for future research that is proposed in the paper is to investigate whether it is true that care managers in Östersund are as good as it seems to see the big picture of customers needs as the study suggests. Another suggestion is to more closely examine how the concept of decent standard of living is interpreted by care managers and how it affects them when they make their judgments and decisions.

CARVALHO, Wirla Risany Lima. Tessituras da formação em avaliação educacional: os desafios à cultura de avaliação e a busca por uma educação crítico-reflexiva. 2016. 280f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-22T14:30:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_wrlcarvalho.pdf: 4955667 bytes, checksum: 13ba7c8980903028bbc0b95c61281e21 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-22T16:59:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_wrlcarvalho.pdf: 4955667 bytes, checksum: 13ba7c8980903028bbc0b95c61281e21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-22T16:59:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_wrlcarvalho.pdf: 4955667 bytes, checksum: 13ba7c8980903028bbc0b95c61281e21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Before the context of complexity, presented at the XXI century, and was called the Knowledge Society, Education, greatly, is impacted the most structural concepts of their training. The educational evaluation suffers the effects of a scenario that requires strong knowledge and applicability for the development of effective educational practices. This research aimed to diagnose how the relationship between scientific and spontaneous knowledge is presented as an important factor for internalizing the concept of educational evaluation by the teacher and for a reconstruction proposal in teacher training in evaluation culture. Specifically, purposed: i) investigate whether the reproduction of evaluation as test culture is a recurring practice in teacher evaluation practice, when there is no scientific knowledge to promote the teacher a process of internalization of the concept of evaluation of teaching and learning based on a culture evaluation; ii) establish whether scientific knowledge is of fundamental importance for the teacher in the process of formation of the concept of assessment of teaching and learning in search of a practical evaluation culture and critical-reflexive education; iii) seek theoretical support that could support the implementation of a mandatory training in educational evaluation during training in pedagogy and other degrees in HEIs, as a fundamental fact for the exercise of a teaching practice in evaluation culture. The backbone of the study was the formation of theory concepts of Vygotsky, complemented by expertise in the area of teacher training and educational evaluation. The research approach was qualitative-quantitative, applied nature, using the qualitative aspects of hermeneutic phenomenology of Heidegger and Gadamer; and the quantitative factor analysis and the chi-square test. Data from the quantitative sample was collected with 500 teachers working in public schools in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, through Likert scales, then with intentionally small number of participants of the expanded sample, be the application of semi-structured interviews for membership spontaneous. the SPSS 20.0 and Atlas t.i7 for analysis of qualiquantitativos data were used. The applied research answered the study questions and diagnosed that the relationship between scientific and spontaneous knowledge is presented as an important factor in the internalization of the concept of assessment by the teacher and for a reconstruction proposal in teacher training in evaluation culture because, it was on the realization of this intrinsic relationship that teachers have proved in their formative and conceptual weaknesses in the evaluation field. It has been found that the reproduction of evaluation as test culture is a recurring practice in teacher evaluation practice, when there is no scientific knowledge to promote the teacher a process of internalization of the concept of evaluation of teaching and learning based on an evaluation culture. It was also found that scientific knowledge is of fundamental importance for the teacher in the process of formation of the concept of assessment of teaching and learning in search of a practical evaluation culture and critical-reflexive education. Finally, presented are many theoretical support - in the form of search results - that support the implementation of a mandatory training in educational evaluation during training in pedagogy and other degrees in HEIs, as a fundamental fact for the exercise of teaching practice in evaluation culture. It can be assumed that even in other courses of IES, particularly those who require the evaluation of teaching and learning as a fundamental fact for the exercise of a teaching practice in evaluation culture. It has been argued in this study the thesis that if there are serious deficiencies in teacher training in educational evaluation - for a teaching practice in evaluation of teaching and learning to run under the aegis of the evaluation culture and a critical-reflexive education - there is a pressing need for mandatory scientific training in educational evaluation during initial training in pedagogy courses and degrees of higher education institutions (HEIs). It is expected that the impact on higher education is promoting the generation of a class of teaching teachers-scientists produce knowledge, not only teachers-teachers who reproduce and pass a knowledge produced elsewhere in relation to educational evaluation. These professors-researchers can make the classroom a research space where promote social change, from her students, awakening these to their own identity and quest for autonomy as a citizen, as a person who was educated critical and reflexively for thinking and act within a libertarian view. / Diante do contexto de complexidade, apresentado no século XXI, e da era denominada de Sociedade do Conhecimento, a Educação, sobremaneira, é impactada nas concepções mais estruturais de sua formação. A avaliação educacional sofre os efeitos de um cenário que exige forte conhecimento e aplicabilidade para desenvolvimento de práticas educativas eficientes. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral diagnosticar de que forma a relação entre conhecimento científico e espontâneo apresenta-se como fator importante para a internalização do conceito de avaliação educacional pelo professor e para uma proposta de reconstrução na formação docente em cultura de avaliação. Especificamente, intencionou: i) investigar se a reprodução da avaliação como cultura de exame é uma prática recorrente na prática avaliativa docente, quando não há conhecimento científico que promova no professor um processo de internalização do conceito de avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem baseado em uma cultura de avaliação; ii) constatar se o conhecimento científico tem importância fundamental para o docente no processo de formação do conceito de avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem em busca de uma prática de cultura de avaliação e educação crítico-reflexiva; iii) buscar subsídios teóricos que embasem a implementação de uma formação obrigatória em avaliação educacional, durante a formação em pedagogia e outras licenciaturas nas IES, como fato fundamental para o exercício de uma prática docente em cultura de avaliação. A espinha dorsal do estudo foi a teoria de formação de conceitos de Vygotsky, complementada por conhecimentos na área de formação docente e da avaliação educacional. A abordagem da pesquisa foi qualiquantitativa, de natureza aplicada, utilizando-se nos aspectos qualitativos da hermenêutica-fenomenológica de Heidegger e Gadamer; e nos quantitativos a análise fatorial e o teste do quiquadrado. Os dados da amostra quantitativa foram coletados com 500 professores em exercício na rede pública de ensino do município de Fortaleza, Ceará, através de escalas de Likert, para depois com número intencionalmente reduzido de participantes da amostra ampliada, haver a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas por adesão espontânea. Foram utilizados os softwares SPSS 20.0 e Atlas t.i7 para análise dos dados qualiquantitativos. A pesquisa aplicada respondeu às questões norteadoras do estudo e diagnosticou que a relação entre conhecimento científico e espontâneo apresenta-se como fator importantíssimo para a internalização do conceito de avaliação pelo professor e para uma proposta de reconstrução na formação docente em cultura de avaliação, porquanto, foi diante da constatação dessa relação intrínseca que os professores se revelaram em suas deficiências formativas e conceituais no campo avaliativo. Foi constatado que a reprodução da avaliação como cultura de exame é uma prática recorrente na prática avaliativa docente, quando não há conhecimento científico que promova no professor um processo de internalização do conceito de avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem baseado em uma cultura de avaliação. Constatou-se também, que o conhecimento científico tem importância fundamental para o professor no processo de formação do conceito de avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem em busca de uma prática de cultura de avaliação e educação crítico-reflexiva. Por fim, apresentaram-se muitos subsídios teóricos – em forma de resultados da pesquisa – que embasam a implementação de uma formação obrigatória em avaliação educacional, durante a formação em pedagogia e outras licenciaturas nas IES, como fato fundamental para o exercício de uma prática docente em cultura de avaliação. Pode-se supor que até em outros cursos das IES, principalmente, os que necessitem da avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem, como fato fundamental para o exercício de uma prática docente em cultura de avaliação. Defendeu-se nesse estudo a tese de que, se há uma deficiência notória na formação docente em avaliação educacional – para que uma prática docente em avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem seja executada sob a égide da cultura de avaliação e de uma educação crítico-reflexiva – há uma necessidade premente de formação científica obrigatória em avaliação educacional, durante a formação inicial nos cursos de pedagogia e licenciaturas das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Espera-se que o impacto no ensino superior seja fomento à geração de uma classe do magistério de professores-cientistas que produzem o saber, não apenas de professores-docentes, que reproduzem e transmitem um saber produzido em outro lugar em relação à avaliação educacional. Que estes professores-pesquisadores possam fazer da sala de aula um espaço de pesquisa onde promovam transformações sociais, a partir de seus alunos, despertando nestes a sua própria identidade e busca de autonomia como cidadão, como sujeito que foi educado crítica e reflexivamente para um pensar e um agir dentro de uma visão libertária.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / nÃo hà / Diante do contexto de complexidade, apresentado no sÃculo XXI, e da era denominada de Sociedade do Conhecimento, a EducaÃÃo, sobremaneira, à impactada nas concepÃÃes mais estruturais de sua formaÃÃo. A avaliaÃÃo educacional sofre os efeitos de um cenÃrio que exige forte conhecimento e aplicabilidade para desenvolvimento de prÃticas educativas eficientes. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral diagnosticar de que forma a relaÃÃo entre conhecimento cientÃfico e espontÃneo apresenta-se como fator importante para a internalizaÃÃo do conceito de avaliaÃÃo educacional pelo professor e para uma proposta de reconstruÃÃo na formaÃÃo docente em cultura de avaliaÃÃo. Especificamente, intencionou: i) investigar se a reproduÃÃo da avaliaÃÃo como cultura de exame à uma prÃtica recorrente na prÃtica avaliativa docente, quando nÃo hà conhecimento cientÃfico que promova no professor um processo de internalizaÃÃo do conceito de avaliaÃÃo do ensino-aprendizagem baseado em uma cultura de avaliaÃÃo; ii) constatar se o conhecimento cientÃfico tem importÃncia fundamental para o docente no processo de formaÃÃo do conceito de avaliaÃÃo do ensino-aprendizagem em busca de uma prÃtica de cultura de avaliaÃÃo e educaÃÃo crÃtico-reflexiva; iii) buscar subsÃdios teÃricos que embasem a implementaÃÃo de uma formaÃÃo obrigatÃria em avaliaÃÃo educacional, durante a formaÃÃo em pedagogia e outras licenciaturas nas IES, como fato fundamental para o exercÃcio de uma prÃtica docente em cultura de avaliaÃÃo. A espinha dorsal do estudo foi a teoria de formaÃÃo de conceitos de Vygotsky, complementada por conhecimentos na Ãrea de formaÃÃo docente e da avaliaÃÃo educacional. A abordagem da pesquisa foi qualiquantitativa, de natureza aplicada, utilizando-se nos aspectos qualitativos da hermenÃutica-fenomenolÃgica de Heidegger e Gadamer; e nos quantitativos a anÃlise fatorial e o teste do quiquadrado. Os dados da amostra quantitativa foram coletados com 500 professores em exercÃcio na rede pÃblica de ensino do municÃpio de Fortaleza, CearÃ, atravÃs de escalas de Likert, para depois com nÃmero intencionalmente reduzido de participantes da amostra ampliada, haver a aplicaÃÃo de entrevistas semiestruturadas por adesÃo espontÃnea. Foram utilizados os softwares SPSS 20.0 e Atlas t.i7 para anÃlise dos dados qualiquantitativos. A pesquisa aplicada respondeu Ãs questÃes norteadoras do estudo e diagnosticou que a relaÃÃo entre conhecimento cientÃfico e espontÃneo apresenta-se como fator importantÃssimo para a internalizaÃÃo do conceito de avaliaÃÃo pelo professor e para uma proposta de reconstruÃÃo na formaÃÃo docente em cultura de avaliaÃÃo, porquanto, foi diante da constataÃÃo dessa relaÃÃo intrÃnseca que os professores se revelaram em suas deficiÃncias formativas e conceituais no campo avaliativo. Foi constatado que a reproduÃÃo da avaliaÃÃo como cultura de exame à uma prÃtica recorrente na prÃtica avaliativa docente, quando nÃo hà conhecimento cientÃfico que promova no professor um processo de internalizaÃÃo do conceito de avaliaÃÃo do ensino-aprendizagem baseado em uma cultura de avaliaÃÃo. Constatou-se tambÃm, que o conhecimento cientÃfico tem importÃncia fundamental para o professor no processo de formaÃÃo do conceito de avaliaÃÃo do ensino-aprendizagem em busca de uma prÃtica de cultura de avaliaÃÃo e educaÃÃo crÃtico-reflexiva. Por fim, apresentaram-se muitos subsÃdios teÃricos â em forma de resultados da pesquisa â que embasam a implementaÃÃo de uma formaÃÃo obrigatÃria em avaliaÃÃo educacional, durante a formaÃÃo em pedagogia e outras licenciaturas nas IES, como fato fundamental para o exercÃcio de uma prÃtica docente em cultura de avaliaÃÃo. Pode-se supor que atà em outros cursos das IES, principalmente, os que necessitem da avaliaÃÃo do ensino-aprendizagem, como fato fundamental para o exercÃcio de uma prÃtica docente em cultura de avaliaÃÃo. Defendeu-se nesse estudo a tese de que, se hà uma deficiÃncia notÃria na formaÃÃo docente em avaliaÃÃo educacional â para que uma prÃtica docente em avaliaÃÃo do ensino-aprendizagem seja executada sob a Ãgide da cultura de avaliaÃÃo e de uma educaÃÃo crÃtico-reflexiva â hà uma necessidade premente de formaÃÃo cientÃfica obrigatÃria em avaliaÃÃo educacional, durante a formaÃÃo inicial nos cursos de pedagogia e licenciaturas das InstituiÃÃes de Ensino Superior (IES). Espera-se que o impacto no ensino superior seja fomento à geraÃÃo de uma classe do magistÃrio de professores-cientistas que produzem o saber, nÃo apenas de professores-docentes, que reproduzem e transmitem um saber produzido em outro lugar em relaÃÃo à avaliaÃÃo educacional. Que estes professores-pesquisadores possam fazer da sala de aula um espaÃo de pesquisa onde promovam transformaÃÃes sociais, a partir de seus alunos, despertando nestes a sua prÃpria identidade e busca de autonomia como cidadÃo, como sujeito que foi educado crÃtica e reflexivamente para um pensar e um agir dentro de uma visÃo libertÃria. / Before the context of complexity, presented at the XXI century, and was called the Knowledge Society, Education, greatly, is impacted the most structural concepts of their training. The educational evaluation suffers the effects of a scenario that requires strong knowledge and applicability for the development of effective educational practices. This research aimed to diagnose how the relationship between scientific and spontaneous knowledge is presented as an important factor for internalizing the concept of educational evaluation by the teacher and for a reconstruction proposal in teacher training in evaluation culture. Specifically, purposed: i) investigate whether the reproduction of evaluation as test culture is a recurring practice in teacher evaluation practice, when there is no scientific knowledge to promote the teacher a process of internalization of the concept of evaluation of teaching and learning based on a culture evaluation; ii) establish whether scientific knowledge is of fundamental importance for the teacher in the process of formation of the concept of assessment of teaching and learning in search of a practical evaluation culture and critical-reflexive education; iii) seek theoretical support that could support the implementation of a mandatory training in educational evaluation during training in pedagogy and other degrees in HEIs, as a fundamental fact for the exercise of a teaching practice in evaluation culture. The backbone of the study was the formation of theory concepts of Vygotsky, complemented by expertise in the area of teacher training and educational evaluation. The research approach was qualitative-quantitative, applied nature, using the qualitative aspects of hermeneutic phenomenology of Heidegger and Gadamer; and the quantitative factor analysis and the chi-square test. Data from the quantitative sample was collected with 500 teachers working in public schools in the city of Fortaleza, CearÃ, through Likert scales, then with intentionally small number of participants of the expanded sample, be the application of semi-structured interviews for membership spontaneous. the SPSS 20.0 and Atlas t.i7 for analysis of qualiquantitativos data were used. The applied research answered the study questions and diagnosed that the relationship between scientific and spontaneous knowledge is presented as an important factor in the internalization of the concept of assessment by the teacher and for a reconstruction proposal in teacher training in evaluation culture because, it was on the realization of this intrinsic relationship that teachers have proved in their formative and conceptual weaknesses in the evaluation field. It has been found that the reproduction of evaluation as test culture is a recurring practice in teacher evaluation practice, when there is no scientific knowledge to promote the teacher a process of internalization of the concept of evaluation of teaching and learning based on an evaluation culture. It was also found that scientific knowledge is of fundamental importance for the teacher in the process of formation of the concept of assessment of teaching and learning in search of a practical evaluation culture and critical-reflexive education. Finally, presented are many theoretical support - in the form of search results - that support the implementation of a mandatory training in educational evaluation during training in pedagogy and other degrees in HEIs, as a fundamental fact for the exercise of teaching practice in evaluation culture. It can be assumed that even in other courses of IES, particularly those who require the evaluation of teaching and learning as a fundamental fact for the exercise of a teaching practice in evaluation culture. It has been argued in this study the thesis that if there are serious deficiencies in teacher training in educational evaluation - for a teaching practice in evaluation of teaching and learning to run under the aegis of the evaluation culture and a critical-reflexive education - there is a pressing need for mandatory scientific training in educational evaluation during initial training in pedagogy courses and degrees of higher education institutions (HEIs). It is expected that the impact on higher education is promoting the generation of a class of teaching teachers-scientists produce knowledge, not only teachers-teachers who reproduce and pass a knowledge produced elsewhere in relation to educational evaluation. These professors-researchers can make the classroom a research space where promote social change, from her students, awakening these to their own identity and quest for autonomy as a citizen, as a person who was educated critical and reflexively for thinking and act within a libertarian view.

This research was an attempt at a social construction of an understanding that came into being through the collaboration between the researcher and the co-researchers concerning the life and circumstances of seafarers. The purpose of this construction was to participate, together with the co-researchers, in developing a research narrative that can be beneficial to seafarers. The aim is for it to lead to their emancipation and empowerment. The title of this research indicates that this is a hermeneutical adventure. It is hermeneutical because it is about a construction of meaning and about coming to an understanding. It is an adventure because whatever meaning and understanding was constructed in the end was unknown at the beginning. New knowledge was constructed in which all who participated had a say. The development of this research narrative was guided by the ABDCE formula which uses the metaphor of research as story writing. The researcher’s epistemology was informed by the notions of social constructionism, the narrative approach based on social constructionism and postfoundationalism. Theological issues in this research had to do with postfoundationalist practical theology, with its emphasis on embeddedness, contextuality and particularity while also trying to move beyond the local. In addition to this there was also a focus on missiology and the concept of Missio Dei was emphasised. Seafaring is still a dangerous profession where the seafarers many times find themselves being powerless in situations of injustice. On ships there is a lot of diversity. Men and women from many different religions and cultures have to sail together. Occasionally this causes tension between seafarers, but mostly they are working and living together in harmony. A bigger concern than conflict is that diversity might cause social isolation. Seafarers are willing to endure a lot of hardship and especially seafarers from developing countries are making this sacrifice in order to provide a better future for their families. The relationship between seafaring and the family is an ironic one because the seafarers sail in order to provide for the family, but at the same time sailing takes them away from their loved ones. From the perspective of the researcher three general weaknesses were found as far as the ministry to seafarers is concerned: At times there is lack of a spiritual dimension to the ministry, secondly there is a need for a stronger presence among the seafarers and thirdly more emphasis should be put on involvement with fishers especially as far as justice issues are concerned. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

The relationship between counsellor and client has been extensively researched ever since the founding of psychotherapeutic treatment. Subsequently, it has been established as an integral and essential part of successful therapy. Yet, in regards to substance use treatment aforementioned research is still lacking. Few studies shed light on such relationships – even fewer on relationships formed within the unique settings of live-in treatment centres. Furthermore, the emotional handling of inter-relational work from the perspective of the professional is still remarkably absent from the scholarly world. Notably, professional perspectives are mainly presented in situations of boundary breaking behaviour and ethical misconduct. The aim of the present study was, consequently, to research how professionals conduct, care, and convey the phenomena of counsellor-client connections that are constituted within the above stated context. In order to fully capture the lived experiences of addiction counsellors, a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach was applied throughout – acting as both theoretical and methodological ground. Accordingly, a total of five semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out and analysed through a hermeneutic-phenomenological lens. The result presents several significant findings in regards to how the professionals view boundaries, closeness and control in substance use treatment settings, which primarily include a certain all-encompassing duality: role changing is perceived as beneficial, albeit debilitating; closeness is seen as imperative, yet distance as integral; working with the self equates to working on the self. Overall, professional progression appears to echo that of the client’s – a supporting network, along with being earnest and daring, presents itself as keys for facilitating conducive change. Implications of above-mentioned co-occurrences are discussed, including suggestions for future research.

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