In the next five-to-ten years, Generation Y (born between 1979 and 1994) will be the largestgroup in Chinese firms. This generation is better educated and has unique characteristics.However, most of Chinese firms still employ a classic control system in management process.We argue that unless companies take MCSs as a package and consider HRM in the wholemanagement process, they cannot reduce the agency conflict with highly-educated Generation Yemployees. In order to reduce the agency conflict, the key thing is to identify the motivationsamong highly-educated Generation Y. This research firstly reviews the extrinsic and intrinsicmotivations based on the relevant studies. Then through the in-depth interviews with HR andmiddle managers, we find the special opinions of HR and middle managers in Chinese firms.After that, we design a questionnaire and conduct a survey. Our study identifies that themotivation scales among the Chinese highly educated Generation Y are different from those inthe theoretical studies, and the most important scale for Generation Y is Reward, Personal fit andSelf-fulfillment. Besides, the 1980s and 1990s groups have significantly different requirementsfrom the work environment. Our research indicates that companies should take the ten scales ofmotivations into consideration in the whole process of management control, and supervisorsshould know the motivations of their employees, thereby avoiding misunderstanding.

Generally, immigrants face different challenges adapting to their new environment while starting a new life in the new environment. One of these problems is related to employment as they find it difficult finding jobs in their host countries. A number of them are often jobless or having jobs that do not correspond with their educational qualification. This is one of the factors that influence the earnings of immigrants in the Swedish labour market. This study focused on the factors influencing the underutilization of immigrant’s foreign educational credentials in the Swedish labour market. The study is based on human capital theory, cultural shock theory and discrimination theory. Through qualitative research design, rich detailed data about the phenomenon was collected from participants that participated in the study. Findings of the study revealed that the two major factors that influence the underutilization of immigrant’s foreign educational credential in the Swedish labour market are structural factors and individual factors (lack of social network with Swedish natives, inability to fluently communicate in Swedish, and loss of professional knowledge due to lack of practice).

Social science research has been slow to incorporate the international migration of skilled and educated women, and the impacts of their return migration. At the same time, Turkish female migrants have been negatively stereotyped in the literature. This exploratory and descriptive study aims to address these gaps by examining the impacts of emigration and return migration on the social and work lives of educated Turkish women who have returned to Turkey from Canada. Oral history interviews were conducted with six working-age, educated female returnees in Istanbul and Ankara between February and April 2007. Aside from some common features, the six women in this study differ greatly in terms of age, marital status, field of study and work, length of time in Canada and Turkey, and the opportunities and resources available to them throughout their migrations. From the interpretive examination of the women&amp / #8217 / s narratives, patterns in their subjective social and work life experiences emerged. The issue of gender was found to pervade all aspects of the women&amp / #8217 / s lives at all stages of their migrations as they negotiated their often contradictory social roles as mothers, wives, daughters, and professionals. This study also reveals that none of the women migrated as an individual actor. Rather, contextual and stratification factors such as marital status, family configuration, language skills, prior exposure to different cultures, socio-economic background, education and labour force participation were found to shape and influence their initial potential for migration, as well as the processes and outcomes of their migrations.

abstract: Smoking prevalence has been a significant issue in China. This present study investigates family influences on the smoking behaviors of highly-educated Chinese youths (HECY) and explores whether family factors work as distal factors in the revised framework of the theory of planned behavior. Convenience sampling and snow-ball sampling have been utilized to select participants from highly-educated Chinese youth population who are students studying in colleges or universities and people who recently graduated from Chinese colleges or universities with Bachelor's and/or Master' degrees. This study relies on quantitative methodologies to analyze the data from the participants' responses to online cross sectional surveys with SPSS. This present study has determined that family influences do contribute to the smoking behaviors of highly-educated Chinese youths. In addition to examining the proximal factors (highly-educated Chinese youths' attitudes toward smoking, self-efficacy and social norms of smoking) in the model of the theory of planned behavior, this current study has examined the following distal factors: (1) parental communication about smoking, (2) communication about smoking among siblings, (3) parents, siblings and/or cousins' attitudes toward smoking, and (4) smoking behaviors of parents, siblings and/or cousins. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Communication Studies 2014

The number of people who flee their countries because of armed conflicts increased dramatically. Recently, Sweden received a higher number of refugees than before. The issue of integration of these new refugees into the host society is a challenging process and still open for debate. The field of cross-cultural studies has paid great attention to post-migration experiences. Therefore, the integration of refugees into a new society is a complex process. It’s not limited to the receiving countries’ policies, several aspects such as social and cultural characteristics of the refugees have to be taken into consideration.  In this regard, the research aims to explore the acculturation process from the perspective of highly educated Arabic-speaking refugees who recently settled in Sweden. The data has been collected using semi-structured interviews. The research used Berry’s acculturation model and the related theoretical frameworks to discuss the integration of highly educated Arabic-speaking refugees. The results revealed that the participants adopted the integration strategy, they appreciate their home culture while they are highly interested to interact with the host society. Labor market entry and Swedish language proficiency were the major challenges faced by the participants to integrate into the Swedish society. The findings of this research can be used by policymakers, the labor market, and social workers to understand the refugees’ attitudes when designing integration tools and interventions for highly educated refugees.

In 2008, Sweden changed its labor migration legislation and allowed for labor migrants from non EU/EEA countries to migrate to Sweden, which had been heavily restricted since the 1970s. This shift in labor migration policy is mirrored in Swedish integration policy where the focus in recent years has been on labor market integration. This thesis aims to investigate the sociocultural integration of migrants who are employed and, in the Swedish context, assumed to be integrated. In addition, sociocultural integration is related to employment and length of stay. Sociocultural integration is measured by three indicators: knowledge of Swedish language, having Swedish friends, and membership in organizations. The data was collected through sixteen semi-structured interviews of highly educated migrants with employment in Sweden and analyzed using four integration theories.The study reveals that employed migrants are only partially socioculturally integrated. Respondents presented low levels of Swedish-language knowledge, which can be explained by their short stay in the country as well having international workplaces where mostly English is spoken. However, these workplaces also offer respondents opportunities to meet natives and most respondents met their Swedish friends through work. There is a need for further studies of integration, in particular those that would explore multiple dimensions of integration and incorporate migrants who are already economically integrated.

ABSTRACT POST-DIVORCE EXPERIENCE OF HIGHLY EDUCATED AND PROFESSIONAL WOMEN Kavas, Serap Ph.D., Department of Sociology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Ayse Gunduz Hosgor July 2010, 327 pages Based on life-story interviews with women this dissertation analyzes post divorce experience of highly-educated and professional women. Economic, social, psychological well-being of divorced women / specifically, how they manage to adapt to their new lives after legal dissolution were examined. As is shown in our research while divorce caused various difficulties including financial, social and parenting problems, it, on ther other hand provided relief, for the participants. The participants developed wide range of survival strategies in the face of difficulties and challenges they experience which attested to their agency during and after the divorce process. To the study, while an urbanite, educated and professional woman&rsquo / s termination of a failing relationship itself can be considered as liberation on her part, it will be an overstatement to say that women are enjoying their independence and start anew, just as men do. In this connection, this study searched for insights into the question: How does act of divorce affect these women with respect to their empowerment? Feminist theory is used over the duration of this study. The study scrutinized on the emergent themes such as societal attitudes, single parenting, remarriage, intergenerational and intra-family transmission of divorce, financial consequence, and women&rsquo / s varying coping strategies as well as many other common themes emerged. Studying post-divorce experience of women, which is an unexplored area in Turkish context, employing qualitative method and dwelling on grounded theory approach as an inductive way of data analysis, this study intends to be a considerable contribution to the literature.

The struggles with patriarchy in the marriages of highly educated married black women are not clearly defined by research, leading to generalisations that all women experience, interpret and resist patriarchy in a uniform way. Written from an African feminist and symbolic interactionist perspective this qualitative study sought to investigate the cognitive processes of highly educated married black women that develop from their lived experiences, interpretations and resistance with regard to patriarchy in their marriages. Data were collected through (auto)biographical narrative essays, semi-structured interviews and observations and analysed using thematic data analysis. The findings indicate that highly educated married black women experience, interpret and resist patriarchy in diverse ways, highlighting three clusters of these women – the liberal, the conformist and the secretive. Their self-concept and identity are more likely to be shaped by their social experiences and interactions with their husbands and the extended family than interactions in their professions. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

The aim of this essay is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties highly educated migrant women face in trying to find work that matches their education. Furthermore, the study examines the consequences failing to find a suitable job might cause. Stratification and intersectionality have been used as theoretical framework in order to analyze the way in which mechanisms of exclusion and various intersections influence these women’s work opportunities. The results show that language, age and priorities regarding family play a major part in the possible hardship along the road to a job matching that of their education. This also had a negative effect on some of the informant’s health, self-confidence and career. / Studiens syfte är att få en djupare kunskap om vilka svårigheter och hinder som gör att vissahögutbildade migrantkvinnor inte återvänder till en sysselsättning som matchar deras kompetens. Studien undersöker också vilka förväntningar kvinnorna hade om arbets möjligheter i Sverige samt konsekvenser som uppstår av att de inte lyckas återvända till deras tidigare sysselsättning. Stratifiering och intersektionalitet har använts som teoretiskt ramverk för att analysera hur utestängningsmekanismer och olika intersektioner påverkar kvinnornas arbetsmöjligheter. Resultat visar att språk, ålder och prioritering av familjen spelade en betydande roll för misslyckandet av att återvända till ett matchande yrke. Detta ledde till negativa konsekvenser som påverkade flera av informanternas hälsa, självförtroende och karriär.

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