Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-08T18:51:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-RuteBarbosa.pdf.pdf: 7071839 bytes, checksum: 55f34652e0375ea49ad4d860f49fea1f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T18:51:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-RuteBarbosa.pdf.pdf: 7071839 bytes, checksum: 55f34652e0375ea49ad4d860f49fea1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-28 / Durante o século XIX, a crise no sistema dos engenhos banguês colocou em cheque o prestígio político e econômico dos proprietários do açúcar no norte de Alagoas. Na tentativa de melhorar esta situação, os proprietários destes empreendimentos agrícolas criaram diversas estratégias para não perder o tão almejado status de senhor de engenho. Estas estratégias são perceptíveis através da cultura material, que durante o período oitocentista atuou como demarcador de posições sociais em decorrência dos novos padrões de comportamento voltados a um modo de vida mais civilizado, cosmopolita e burguês. Neste contexto, as louças assumiram um papel importante, agindo como poderosos instrumentos de ação social, comunicando simbolicamente identidades, hierarquia e poder. Este estudo busca compreender os significados atribuídos as louças pelos produtores de açúcar no norte de Alagoas. Para isso, foram analisados fragmentos de louças oriundas de cinco engenhos e um entreposto comercial, sendo três desses engenhos banguês e dois movidos a vapor. / During the 19th century a crisis in the sugar economy, felt particularly by the mills run by animal or water power, put in check plantation owners’ economic and political prestige in the north of Alagoas State. In an attempt to ameliorate this situation, the owners created diverse strategies to secure their coveted role as plantation masters and all this signified within society at that time. Their strategies are discernible in the material culture, which, during this 19th century functioned as markers of social position in the face of new behavior patterns geared to a more civilized, cosmopolitan and bourgeois life. In this context, refined earthenwares assumed an important role, serving as powerful instruments for social action, symbolically communicating social identity, hierarchy and power. The present study seeks to understand the meaning attributed to refined eathenwares by owners and their families in northern Alagoas State. To this end, five sugar plantations and a commercial port provided the ceramic assemblage analyzed in order to detect consumption patterns in the archaeological record of these sites. Of the sugar mills compared, two were steam powered and three were run by either water or animal traction.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:30:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Minossi Nunes_Dissertacao.pdf: 10901822 bytes, checksum: 65a25d5218a83518cf376be0da39be95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / During the first half of the twentieth century, the city of Porto Alegre/RS, experienced great transformations and urban reforms, such as opening and widening of streets,construction of the new port and the substantial improvement in the harbor area, and the construction of the first skyscrapers and verticalization of the urban landscape. Especially in downtown, the intensification of the modernization process was simultaneously associated with new social practices and new experiences of different social groups in Porto Alegre. In this sense, coffee shops, restaurants, bars and hotels were typically urban public spaces that favored all kinds of social relations, where were propagated and displayed the values associated with modern ideas. Therefore, this research investigates how the commercial tablewares in the state capital acted in the production and maintenance of social groups identified with an urban, elitist and modern lifestyle. The actor-network approach, applied to the present study of historical archeology, allowed tracing the unfailing action of the commercial wares in the chronics, administrative documents, filmic records and daily life of the population of Porto Alegre. By pursuing these objects in different information sources, we sought to emphasize the non-human dimension of social relations, especially considering the participation of the commercial tablewares in the construction and maintaining of the a hegemonic masculinity. Masculinity pattern notably inserted into an urban, industrial, bourgeois and capitalist order - a modern society. / Durante a primeira metade do século XX, a cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, experimentou transformações e reformas urbanas importantes, tais como a abertura e alargamento de avenidas, a edificação do novo porto e o sensível melhoramento da zona portuária, assim como a construção dos primeiros arranha-céus e a verticalização da paisagem urbana. Sobretudo na zona central da cidade, a intensificação do processo de modernização esteve paralelamente associada a novas práticas sociais e novas experiências vividas por diferentes grupos sociais porto-alegrenses. Nesse sentido, os cafés, os restaurantes, os bares e os hotéis foram espaços públicos tipicamente urbanos que propiciaram toda a sorte de relações sociais, onde eram propagados e exibidos os valores associados ao ideário moderno. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa investiga como a louçaria de mesa empregada por estabelecimentos comerciais da capital gaúcha agiu na produção e manutenção de grupos sociais identificados com um estilo de vida urbano, elitista e moderno. A abordagem do ator-rede, aplicada ao presente estudo de arqueologia histórica, permitiu rastrear a indefectível ação de louças comerciais em documentos administrativos, crônicas, registros fílmicos e no cotidiano da população portoalegrense. Ao perseguir estes objetos em diferentes fontes de informação, buscouse enfatizar a dimensão não humana das relações sociais, considerando especialmente a participação na louçaria comercial na construção e manutenção de uma masculinidade hegemônica notadamente inserida em uma ordem urbana, industrial, burguesa e capitalista uma sociedade moderna.

A pesquisa apresentada versa sobre três temáticas inter-relacionadas - fronteira, estâncias e museus - na região da Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, através da pesquisa arqueológica realizada na Estância Velha do Jarau (Quaraí/RS) e das visitas às instituições museológicas dos municípios que formam a Campanha Gaúcha. Relacionou-se a formação histórica da Fronteira Oeste, marcada pelo estabelecimento de estâncias, com o perfil histórico-cultural da região atualmente, buscando identificar mudanças e permanências que se processaram nesse espaço e servem como indicadores de memória e identidade. Foram analisadas as louças da Estância Velha do Jarau demonstrando como este espaço é múltiplo e representativo do ambiente doméstico de uma estância de criação de gado do século XIX, muitas vezes rememorada somente por seus elementos político-econômicos, bélicos e produtivos, não relacionando este espaço à uma unidade doméstica e familiar. A partir desses dois primeiros eixos (fronteira e estância) diagnosticou-se de que forma a memória estancieira está presente nos museus da região e como estes podem contribuir para valorização e ampliação do patrimônio e da identidade local/regional. Ao final foram propostas estratégias para musealização do acervo arqueológico da Estância Velha do Jarau, partindo de premissas básicas da ação museológica que se norteiam pelo preservacionismo e educação. / The research herein presented deals with three interrelated themes - frontier, cattle farms and museums - in the western frontier region of Rio Grande do Sul, through archaeological research conducted at Estancia Velha Jarau (Quaraí/RS) and visits to the museums of the cities that make up the Campanha Gaúcha (Gaucho Plains). It relates to the historical formation of the western frontier, marked by the establishment of farms with a historical and cultural profile of the region today, in order to identify changes and continuities which occurred in this space and are used as indicators of memory and identity. Chinaware from the Estância Velha do Jarau was analyzed, demonstrating how this space is multiple and represents the household environment of a cattle farm in the nineteenth century, often recognized only for its political and economic elements, and war production, and not connecting this space to a household and family context. From these first two axes (frontier and cattle farm) an examination was made of the way in which memory of the cattle farm is present in the museums of the region and how they can contribute to the recovery and expansion of heritage and identity at the local/regional level. Finally, strategies have been proposed for the museum housing of the archaeological collection from Estância Velha do Jarau, starting from the basic premises of museology that are centered around preservation and education.

Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo mapear e cadastrar as estruturas portuárias do vale do Ribeira (SP) especialmente aquelas situadas no município de Cananéia que forneçam informações sobre o período de 1850-1950, época em que teria se estabelecido um modo capitalista de produção na região alicerçado na lavoura comercial do arroz. Essa abordagem se justifica pela necessidade de se avaliar as contradições existentes entre o discurso e a sociedade concreta. Hoje a região é conhecida por suas belezas naturais, patrimônio histórico mas, paradoxalmente, é a mais pobre do estado de São Paulo. No entanto, as estruturas portuárias, desde o século XIX até hoje apresentam grande dinâmica construtiva. Como explicar esse conflito? Observando os contextos através de uma Arqueologia Marítima embasada no materialismo histórico. Esses contextos foram delimitados através do mapeamento, cadastramento e prospecção extensiva de estruturas, bens e locais relativos à evolução de embarcações, dos portos e da dinâmica comercial expressa no ambiente urbano. O resultado desse trabalho foi o entendimento de que duas modificações causaram grandes transformações na dinâmica produtiva de todo o vale do Ribeira. A primeira delas foi a transição da lavoura comercial para pesca e para o turismo. A segunda foi a inversão do sentido do fluxo das mercadorias gerado pela substituição do transporte marítimo, em primeiro lugar, pelo conjunto navegação fluvial/ ferrovia, depois pelo transporte rodoviário. Esse processo colocou os lucros nas mãos de novos agentes econômicos, mas manteve a produção do discurso como primazia dos antigos donos do poder. / The aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to map and register the ports of the Ribeiras valley (SP) especially those situated in Cananéia that provide information about the period 1850-1950, when a capitalist production mode based on the trade of rice was developed in the region. The justification for this kind of approach is the necessity to evaluate the contradictions between the speech and the real society. Nowadays the region is known by its natural resources and historical buildings but at the same time it is the poorest region of São Paulo state. However, since the 19th century until today the ports have had a great structural dynamics. How to explain this conflict? By observing the context through a Maritime Archaeology based on the historical materialism. These contexts have been delimitated with mapping, registering and extensive surveying of the structures, patrimony and places related to evolution of water craft, ports and the commercial dynamics in urban environment. The result of the research was the understanding that two changes have caused huge transformation in the productive dynamics of the entire Ribeiras valley. The first one was the transition from commercial agriculture to commercial fishing and tourism. The second one was the inversion of the direction of the trade caused by the substitution of maritime transportation, first by river transportation/ railroad, secondly by the road transportation. This process put the profits in the hands of new economical agents, but kept the production of the speech with the old power owners.

This thesis explores the zooarchaeology of cattle management and production at the 19th-century Hacienda El Progreso, on San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos, Ecuador. Many cattle products were exported, including salted meat, leather, and fat. In order to examine cattle commodification, comparative literature was reviewed, and the sequential steps that were undertaken to turn cattle into a product were assessed. The results were then compared to the faunal analysis of the Carpintero assemblage from Hacienda El Progreso using the chaîne opératoire framework in order to examine the possibility of interpreting the sequential production of cattle commodification from zooarchaeological specimens. Historical cattle from Hacienda El Progreso were a likely small bodied Criollo variety. While there was evidence of cattle management and production, there was limited opportunity to identify the hacienda’s operational sequence of cattle production for export as the Carpintero assemblage likely represented locally consumed animals. / Graduate

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Indigenous villages in Colonial Sergipe: subsidies for the investigation of Historical Archaeology it is a master dissertation, based on historical documents and in literature. It synthesizes the knowledge produced on the villages indigenous of Sergipe, founded among the centuries 17 and 19. Taking as parameters theories and methodologies used by the Historical Archaeology, it recovers information and it formulates inquiries with the purpose of they be good as subsidies for future archaeological excavations in the sites of the old villages. They are outstanding aspects as its functions in the colonial society, its economy, the social and religious life, among others. The studied villages is: Geru, Água Azeda, Aracaju, Japaratuba, Pacatuba, São Pedro do Porto da Folha and Jacaré. / Aldeamentos indígenas em Sergipe Colonial: subsídios para a investigação de Arqueologia Histórica é uma dissertação de mestrado, baseada em documentos históricos e em literatura. Sintetiza o conhecimento produzido sobre os aldeamentos indígenas sergipanos, fundados entre os séculos 17 e 19. Tomando como parâmetros teorias e metodologias utilizadas pela Arqueologia Histórica, recupera informações e formula indagações com o propósito de servirem como subsídios para futuras escavações arqueológicas nos sítios dos antigos aldeamentos. São destacados aspectos como suas funções na sociedade colonial, sua economia, a vida social e religiosa, entre outros. Os aldeamentos estudados são: Geru, Água Azeda, Aracaju, Japaratuba, Pacatuba, São Pedro do Porto da Folha e Jacaré.

African Americans living in the small community of Parting Ways, near Plymouth, Massachusetts, realized their newly achieved independence through the construction of homeplace using the material culture of respectability and socioeconomic integration into the community. I expand upon a previous study of this community, which identified evidence that the former slaves retained African cultural traditions, to analyze material evidence of consumption and subsistence. This study reveals that African Americans living at Parting Ways crafted identities that emphasized independence, refinement, and respectability despite living in a society that stereotyped African Americans as dependent members incapable of full social participation. The archaeological data come from five seasons of excavation, 1975-1978 and 1989, on the properties of two African-American families who lived at Parting Ways. I situate the artifacts together with deed, probate, court, town, and census records to construct a detailed historical context in which to interpret the material practice of daily life, identity creation, and community formation. Paternalism and dependence, features of slavery in New England, continued after emancipation and were seen at Parting Ways through the actions of town leaders who permitted the families to build houses on public lands and also assumed legal and financial guardianship of the families. Within their homes, however, the families participated in the material culture of respectability through the rituals of tea drinking, refined dining, formal clothing, and the use of orthodox medicines. The records reveal that they also participated actively in the town's economic life by exchanging their manual labor for agriculture products like cattle heads and feet. Through their household goods, their customs, and their labor, these families embodied respectability, integrated themselves into the community, and constructed a homeplace--a place of refuge, family building, and identity formation. At Parting Ways, African-Americans worked to negate the implications of their continued dependence on town leaders by developing individual personas that espoused the values of independence, freedom, refinement, and family unity - and in so doing defined their own participation in Plymouth, and American, society.

Zimbabwe is a country in southern Africa that was formerly known as Rhodesia and was established in 1890 by European settlers. Zimbabwe gained independence from the colonial regime in 1980 and has a rich historical background. This study serves to understand the use of archaeology in two selected Form 3 Zimbabwean history textbooks. The study was a case study with embedded units of analysis situated in the interpretivist paradigm analysing how and why archaeology had been used in Zimbabwean school history textbooks. Content analysis of each unit was employed to better understand this concept and the transdisciplinary relationship between historians and archaeologists is conceptualized in the textbooks. What emerged from the analysis was that archaeology was indeed made use of to explain the prehistory of Zimbabwe, it was just the depth of the archaeological content that differed between the two textbooks sampled. Archaeology was used in a nationalistic manner to show that prior to the arrival of Europeans, Zimbabwe did indeed have a thriving culture with city states, craftsmen and international trade contrary to the Eurocentric views that native Zimbabweans were primitive. In this study, it was shown that without archaeology the prehistory of Zimbabwe would remain fragmented and mixed up in romanticised versions of Great Zimbabwe being built by the Queen of Sheba or being connected to the mines of King Solomon and never really giving credit to the native inhabitants of Zimbabwe who were the true architects of a nation as great as that of Great Zimbabwe. In the light of the recent political transformations in Zimbabwe, it was however evident that the history textbooks have changed, relying less on archaeology and more on a patriotic form of history filled with oral traditions and earlier historical writings of the Arabs and Portuguese traders and explorers of old. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Humanities Education / MEd / Unrestricted

The desire to attach identities (e.g. ethnic, gender, race, class, nationality etc.) to material culture has always featured at the core of archaeological inquiry. Archaeologists share the view that material culture is an active cultural agent that can reflect complex ideas that operated in the minds of prehistoric agents when carefully examined. These ideas were often shaped by dynamic social interactions and they sometimes manifested through stylistic patterns or material culture variation at archaeological sites. In Zimbabwe, various archaeological identities have been defined but Rozvi identities remain the most problematic. This study, therefore, revisits the Rozvi subject in the light of contemporary ideas on ethnicity, agency and material culture. Rozvi identities are probed from material culture at Khami and Danamombe sites, which are also linked with the Torwa historically, thus historical archaeology largely informs this investigation. Through documentary and fieldwork research results, I found that Rozvi identity construction processes were extremely fluid and sophisticated. Diverse elements of culture (both tangible and intangible) were situationally invoked to mark Rozvi ethnic boundaries. Whilst ceramics at Khami were diverse and complex, Danamombe pottery became more simple, less diverse or homogenous. Polychrome band and panel ware however still occurred at Danamombe, but in very restricted numbers. Perhaps the production and distribution of polychrome wares was controlled by Rozvi elites as part of their ideology and power structures. On the contrary, beads, dry-stone walls, and status symbols became more diversified at Danamombe than at Khami. However, Dhaka structures show no difference between the two research sites, where mundane stylistic differences manifesting at Danamombe, the former Rozvi capital, are perceived as demonstrative of ethnic objectification. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Anthropology and Archaeology / unrestricted

abstract: People come together and form communities in cities across the world but the processes behind community formation are not well understood. Some researchers theorize that having populations with similar characteristics is important; others argue that the existence of public spaces for interaction is key. I use archaeological data collected over six seasons of field work and archival data from The Granada Relocation Center (Amache) National Historic Landmark, a World War II (WWII) Japanese American incarceration center in Southeastern Colorado, to demonstrate the role that participation in previous social communities has on the formation of new social networks. The concept of social cohesion acts as a framework for understanding how access to public spaces and participation in different types of social activities creates a sense of neighborhood community among a dislocated population. During WWII Japanese Americans were forcibly removed from their homes on the West Coast to ten incarceration centers, disrupting existing communities and forcing the formation of new ones. Amache is one of ten incarceration centers which housed families and individuals. The site resembled an urban center with public facilities and residential areas that functioned as neighborhoods. Archival and archaeological data indicate that residents developed socially defined neighborhoods. Internees modified each neighborhood through the creation of landscape features and development of social activity which provided a venue for residents to interact and form a sense of community identity. Neighborhood residents clustered based on their affiliation to previous communities both in California and in the temporary detention centers. Clustering in demographically similar neighborhoods facilitated the development of new social interactions and led to the proliferation of landscape features and social events seen in the archaeological and archival record. I identify patterns of neighborhood interaction through an examination of the archaeological record and social network analysis using archival newspapers. Applying archaeological data in partnership with social network data illustrates the range of strategies used by incarcerees to create new communities and problematizes working with a single data source when attempting to identify socially defined neighborhoods. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2020