This research was an explorative study of the race talk present in discourse when discussing HIV/AIDS and aimed to explore the discourses drawn on by participants during discussions around HIV and AIDS, to explore whether these discourses differed in one-to-one interviews with the author (private talk) compared with those in focus group discussions (public talk) and to investigate how learners navigated race during discussions around HIV/AIDS. The sample was made up of 26 grade 11 learners at a private school in Johannesburg. Data collection was conducted using three focus group discussions (FGD) and several individual one-on-one interviews. Both the interviews and focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide and recorded on Mp3 players. The data was transcribed using several conversation analysis transcription conventions and later analysed using discourse analysis. An important methodological innovation of this research was its use of HIV/AIDS discussion to capture race discourse. Seven broad themes were analysed and discussed in the research and included (a) HIV/AIDS and the ‘Other’, (b) Race and ‘common sense’, (c) Navigating the perception of racism, (d) Race Trouble and location, (e) Race, Education and Government (f) Race and Apartheid and (g) Public talk Vs. Private talk While this research was mainly exploratory and attempted to investigate as many instances of ‘race talk’ as possible, as well as offer various feasible explanations for the learners’ use of race talk, it was suggested that it may be necessary to explore the possibility of expanding on existing theories to explain the use of race talk among black learners to ‘Other’ people of the same race. Furthermore, while this research did not specifically set out to explore the implications that the intersections between race and HIV/AIDS could have for education, it was suggested that the attachment of apartheid meanings to race (and HIV/AIDS) could lead to learners’ reluctance to critically engage with historical and contemporary texts or avoid discussing issues around HIV/AIDS.

We hypothesized that higher levels of felt or enacted stigma would be related to poorer medication adherence, and that this relationship would be mediated by indicators of HIVrelated quality of life (HIV-QOL) including medication concerns, disclosure concerns, and perceptions of health provider treatment. 98 people living with HIV (PLWH) who were all currently taking ART medications completed an online survey that included measures of demographics, HIV-related stigma, medication, and HIV-QOL. Results suggested that concerns about medication accounted for the relationship between enacted HIV-related stigma and medication adherence.

Why do we behave the way we do? Can behaviour be modified? This thesis explores these questions by looking at behavioural and neuropsychology and how we control two basic emotions: fear and disgust. As this thesis will demonstrate, these two emotions compel us to avoid danger and go to extreme lengths to keep "safe." Using leprosy as its first case study, it tracks the evolution of more positive attitudes towards people with leprosy. It explores what life was like in Western Europe's 11th to 13th centuries. It juxtaposes those positive attitudes against later negative attitudes. It examines the stigmatization of diseases and disabilities, asking what fear and disgust are and how they affect human behaviour. This sets the stage for discussing HIV/AIDS, compared to leprosy, to demonstrate similar behaviour. The focal point of attitudes towards leprosy and HIV/AIDS is behavioural conditioning, a technique for retraining the brain to reinterpret a stimulus to mean something else. This thesis argues that this method can reduce fear, disgust, and stigma in most attitudes and behaviours about diseases and disabilities.

No description available.

No description available.

Purpose: In Ontario, there is a steady rise in the HIV incidence among South Asian women. However, the health-related challenges and the disability experienced by this population are under reported. Hence, this study aims to understand the disability experience and utilization of rehabilitation services by the South Asian women living with HIV in Southern Ontario, Canada. Method: I used an interpretive phenomenological study design to explore the ‘lived experience’ and ‘meaning’ of disability experienced by South Asian women living with HIV. I recruited English-speaking immigrant South Asian women living with HIV through the Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention (ASAAP). I conducted in depth face to face interviews using body mapping and photo-elicitation techniques. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis approach was utilized to understand the disability experiences and rehabilitation needs of the women. Findings: Eight women volunteered for this study with six agreeing to be interviewed on a second occasion. The mean age was 47.1 years (s.d=5.8), and mean length of time since HIV diagnosis was 15.1 years (s.d=6.7). Analysis resulted in four major themes: “experiencing disability”, “building resilience”, “experiencing discrimination” and “accessing health care”. The women described several health challenges due to the side effects of anti-retroviral medications, compounded by challenges associated with immigration, HIV stigma, and discrimination. The complex intersection of illness, gender, ethnicity, and discrimination affected their overall disability experience. Despite these challenges, the women manifested resilience by re-constructing their identities, specifically by exhibiting perseverance in the midst of their health challenges, isolation, and patriarchal culture. Women lacked understanding about rehabilitation services in the context of HIV. Conclusion: This study draws attention to marginalized women living with HIV whose voices are rarely heard, and profiles their experiences of disability. Understanding the disability needs of marginalized women living with HIV, through a phenomenological lens could help to facilitate the development of culturally safe treatment approaches and health care policies, which can lessen their disability and improve their quality of life. / Thesis / Doctor of Science (PhD)

Infektionen Humant immunbrist virus (HIV) leder till Acquired Immunodeficeiency Syndrome (AIDS) vilket är en dödlig sjukdom. Trettiosju miljoner människor i världen har drabbats utav viruset. Bara i Sverige lever 6500 människor med HIV/AIDS. Forskning visar att sjuksköterskors attityd till patienter med HIV/AIDS påverkar vårdarbetet. Den föreliggande litteraturstudiens syfte var att belysa sjuksköterskors attityd samt dess underliggande faktorer till patienter med HIV/AIDS. Till resultatet användes 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som fokuserade på sjuksköterskors attityd till patienter med HIV/AIDS. Databearbetningen genererade tre teman. Teman som formulerades var: Sjuksköterskors negativa attityder, sjuksköterskors positiva attityder samt kunskapens betydelse. Resultatet visade att såväl positiva attityder som negativa attityder var förekommande. En avgörande faktor som påverkade sjuksköterskors attityd var deras bristande kunskap om framförallt smittvägar avseende HIV/AIDS. Därför är det nödvändigt att utöka sjuksköterskors kunskap kring HIV/AIDS. / Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) a fatal disease. Thirty-seven million people in the world have been affected by the virus. Only in Sweden 6500 people are suffering from HIV/AIDS. Research show that nurse ́s attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS are affecting their care to these patients. The aim of this study was to illuminate nurse’s attitudes against patients with HIV/AIDS and factors that determined these attitudes. The study was conducted as a literature study. Thirteen articles that highlighted nurse’s attitudes to patients with HIV/AIDS were applied to the result. All the articles were analyzed and from that three themes emerged during data processing. The themes were: positive attitudes, negative attitudes and the importance of knowledge. The results showed that nurses have both positive and negative attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS. A crucial factor affecting nurses' attitude to patients with HIV/AIDS was their lack of knowledge. Therefore it is necessary to increase nurse’s knowledge about HIV / AIDS.

Thesis (MDram)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS has escalated into a global health pandemic. Africa has emerged as the most severely affected continent with more than half of the world’s HIV infected population residing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently various awareness campaigns have been launched in attempts to stifle the rapid spread of the pandemic. Much emphasis has been placed on communication as effective strategy specifically when it has a participatory and community-based approach which offers education through alternative ways of responding to HIV/AIDS in order to reach and involve the individual target audience. The value of entertainment as an effective intervention tool through which to inform and educate is of major importance. Theatre is widely implemented as a tool when attempting problem solving and group and/or individual behaviour-change. Lucky, the Hero! an HIV/AIDS Educational Theatre intervention initiative was launched by The Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management after research established that alarmingly low levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge existed amongst the predominantly Afrikaans speaking farm workers communities of the Western Cape region as media campaigns had not successfully reached them due to geographical isolation and illiteracy. Theoretical guidelines for the development process and implementation of Lucky, the Hero! are provided: how it came about; its content and messages; and the intricacies of how the show was rolled out to audiences. The specific results and findings of such an Educational Theatre intervention campaign in the Breede River Valley during September 2007 are discussed, as well as how successful the practical implementation of the intervention has been in terms of its theoretical base and initial purpose. Lucky, the Hero! was found to be overall successful in achieving its aims and proved to be entertaining and educational. It improved general knowledge of HIV infection amongst participants and motivated intentions towards positive behaviour change. Over 2000 participants were also tested during the 14-day intervention. Theatre as intervention tool proved to be effective in this specific instance as most participants agreed that educational theatre was an appropriate method to positively influence HIV/AIDS related behaviour in the community. They also expressed the wish to see the performance again and said they would encourage others to see it. Although the evaluation methods served their purpose in proving that theatre was an effective tool in HIV/AIDS education and provided basic information and results about HIV/AIDS and the intervention strategy method and campaign, a multi-integrated approach needs to be considered. The latter should include follow up interventions focusing on ongoing HIV/AIDS education and training in order to achieve feasible and sustainable long term results. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS het in ’n globale pandemie ontwikkel met Afrika die kontinent wat die ergste geraak word. Meer as die helfte van die wêreld se bevolking wat die MIV-virus het, bevind hulle in sub-Sahara Afrika. Gevolglik is verskeie bewusmakingsveldtogte van stapel laat loop in ’n poging om die snelle verspreiding van die pandemie te probeer stuit. Kommunikasie as doeltreffende strategie geniet veral aansien, spesifiek wanneer ’n interaktiewe, gemeenskapsgebaseerde aanslag gevolg word om so individuele teikengroepe op te voed en deur middel van alternatiewe MIV/VIGS aksie te betrek. Heelwat klem word geplaas op die waarde van vermaaklikheid as doeltreffende intervensiemeganisme met die doel om in te lig en op te voed. Die teater word wyd as meganisme geïmplementeer ten opsigte van probleemoplossing en die verandering van groeps- en/of individuele gedrag. Lucky, the Hero!, ’n MIV/VIGS Opvoedkundige Teaterintervensie-inisiatief, is deur die Afrika Instituut vir MIV/VIGS Bestuur van stapel laat loop nadat navorsing daarop gedui het dat die kennisvlakke van plaaswerkersgemeenskappe in Wes-Kaapland oor dié pandemie ontstellend laag is. Weens geografiese isolasie en ongeletterdheid het veldtogte in die media oor MIV/VIGS bitter min impak op dié gemeenskappe gemaak. In die hoofstukke wat volg, word teoretiese riglyne vir die ontwikkelingsproses en toepassing van Lucky, the Hero! bespreek – hoe dit gebeur het; die inhoudelikheid daarvan tesame met boodskappe, asook die ingewikkeldhede rondom die wyse waarop dié opvoering aan gehore gebring is. Die spesifieke resultate en bevindinge van so ’n Opvoedkundige Teaterintervensieveldtog in die Breederiviervallei gedurende September 2007 word gemeld, asook die sukses van die praktiese implementering van dié intervensie in terme van sy teoretiese grondslag en aanvanklike doelwitte. In die geheel is bevind dat Lucky, the Hero! suksesvol was in die bereiking van sy doelwitte en dat dit vermaaklik en opvoedkundig van aard was. Dit het algemene kennis rondom MIV-infeksie onder deelnemers verbeter en voornemens teenoor positiewe gedragsverandering gestu. Meer as 2000 deelnemers is ook tydens die intervensie van twee weke getoets. Teater as intervensiemeganisme het in dié spesifieke instansie geblyk doeltreffend te wees aangesien die meerderheid deelnemers saamgestem het dat opvoedkundige teater ’n gepaste metode is om MIV/Vigs-verwante gedrag in die gemeenskap positief te beïnvloed. Ook wou hulle die opvoering graag weer kyk en sou ander mense aanraai om dit te gaan kyk. Hoewel die evalueringsmetodes hulle doel gedien en bewys het dat teater ’n doeltreffende meganisme ten opsigte van MIV/VIGS-opvoeding is en basiese inligting en resultate omtrent MIV/VIGS en die intervensiestrategiemetode en -veldtog opgelewer het, behoort ’n multi-geïntegreerde benadering egter oorweeg te word – een wat opvolgintervensies insluit wat gefokus is op voortgesette MIV/VIGSopvoeding en opleiding met die oog op haalbare en volhoubare langtermyn resultate.

<p>Increased uptake of VCT services by pregnant women may be attributed to the development of counseling services and increased availability of rapid tests at the study clinics by the Namibian Health and Social Services. A high knowledge and understanding of HIV and VCT services by pregnant women also probably contributed.</p>

Background:It is today estimated that the number of people living with HIV/AIDS in India is 2.5 million. Recent research has shown that stigmatizing attitudes against people living with HIV/AIDS is still present among health care personnel and nursing students. Nurses have a central role in preventing HIV/AIDS transmission and therefore education about the disease is a key factor for improving health care among the population (Durkin, 2004). Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate and describe nursing students‟ level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and their attitudes towards people with the disease. Method: It is a descriptive quantitative study using a modified Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire. The questionnaire contains questions about from which sources the person gains information, the level of knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The respondents (n=45) are nursing students attending the final year of Bachelor Science Degree of Nursing at MIOT College of Nursing in Chennai, India. Results: There are gaps in the knowledge of the students regarding HIV/AIDS. None of the students answered correctly to all 20 questions and statements on the HIV/AIDS knowledge scale. More than 10% of the students (n=5) answered incorrectly to 45% of the statements/questions. In regards to attitudes, the students tend to have high levels of empathy, but also high levels of refraining attitudes. The result indicates that most students are willing to care for people with HIV/AIDS (89%) even though refraining attitudes are present. Levels of empathic attitudes among the students tend to increase when higher level of knowledge is present. Conversely, the level of refraining attitudes tends to decrease as the level of knowledge increases. Conclusions: There are gaps in the knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The level of empathic attitudes is high, but at the same time the level of refraining attitudes is high / Bakgrund: Idag uppskattas antalet personer som lever med HIV/AIDS i Indien uppgå till 2.5 miljoner. Nyligen gjorda studier visar på att stigmatiserade attityder gentemot människor som lever med HIV/AIDS fortfarande är ett problem bland sjukvårdspersonal och sjuksköterskestudenter. Sjuksköterskor har en central roll i preventionsarbetet när det gäller HIV/AIDS och därför är utbildning om sjukdomen en nyckelfaktor för att uppnå god hälsa bland allmänheten (Durkin, 2004). Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka och beskriva sjuksköterskestudenters kunskapsnivå avseende HIV/AIDS, samt deras attityder gentemot människor som lever med sjukdomen. Metod: Det är en deskriptiv kvantitativ studie och instrumentet som används är ett modifierat Knowledge, Attitude och Practice (KAP) enkät. Enkäten innehåller frågor som ger information om vilka källor respondenten får information från, kunskapsnivån och attityder gentemot HIV/AIDS. Respondenterna(n=45) är sjuksköterskestudenter som går det sista året på Bachelor Science Degree of Nursing på MIOT College of Nursing i Chennai, Indien. Resultat: Det finns luckor i studenternas kunskap när det gäller HIV/AIDS. Ingen av studenterna svarade korrekt på alla 20 frågor/påståenden på HIV/AIDS knowledge scale. Mer än 10% av studenterna (n=5) svarade inkorrekt på 45% av påståendena/frågorna. När det gäller attityder tenderade studenterna att ha höga nivåer av empati, men också höga nivåer av avståndstagande attityder. Resultatet indikerar att de flesta studenterna är villiga att vårda personer med HIV/AIDS (89%), trots närvaron av avståndstagande attityder. Nivån av empatiska attityder bland studenterna tenderar att öka i samband med högre kunskapsnivå. Omvänt tenderar nivån av avståndstagande attityder att avta i samband med högre kunskapsnivå. Slutsats: Det finns luckor i kunskapen om HIV/AIDS. Nivån av empatiska attityder är hög, men samtidigt är även nivån av avståndstagande attityder hög.