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Protection of consumers - customers against the insolvency of tour operators - in EU law This thesis examines the legal regulation of consumer protection in the cases of the bankruptcy of travel agencies. In the event of the insolvency of a travel agency, a problem arises as to who will ensure that the consumers are repatriated from summer resorts and their expenses for the unperformed travel services are reimbursed. This issue was first dealt with by Directive No. 90/314 on package travel. The Directive 90/314 will be analyzed in the second chapter of this paper. The Directive leaves a large margin of discretion for national legislators as to how they achieve the required consumer protection standard. However, the EU Member States must ensure that consumers recover the entire loss they have incurred due to the failure of tour operators to provide services. The Member States have come up with a number of implementation solutions - e.g. insurance of the guarantee for the case of insolvency, bank guarantee or guarantee fund of the travel operators. This implementation into national legal systems is described in the third chapter of this thesis. That chapter further introduces the Czech implementation affected in Act No. 159/1999 Coll. This Act has opted for insurance of travel agencies as the means...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nirlene Nepomuceno.pdf: 7141675 bytes, checksum: 3327ede728e6cb5db4b3a10c13893ce4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper outlines the emergence of black festivities around Christmas holidays, in Brazil and the Caribbean during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Its main objective is to identify its dynamic processes of transformation, as well as strategies used by slaved Africans to both adapt to the "new world ", and to perpetuate the ties that bound them to Africa, a necessary step to resist colonial power embodied into oppression and violence. In addition to the seasonality of the period between Christmas and January 6, these black festivities share fragments of performative literacies , which inspite of their similarities and differences are revealing the contribution of African civilization in the Americas. We propose to "read" these festivities through, mainly, cultural practices, customs and the African body which in its displacement uploaded experiences and knowledge / Este trabalho acompanha a emergência de festas de protagonismo negro, de ocorrência no ciclo natalino, em regiões do Brasil e do Caribe, durante os séculos XVIII e XIX. O objetivo é identificar seus dinâmicos processos de transformação, bem como estratégias de adaptação ao novo mundo a que africanos escravizados, burlando a repressão e a violência do poder colonial, lançaram mão para perpetuarem os vínculos que os ligavam à África. Para além da sazonalidade do período, compreendido entre Natal e 6 de janeiro, essas festas negras partilham fragmentos de textos performativos , que em suas similaridades e diferenças são reveladores do aporte civilizacional africano nas Américas. Propomos ler essas festas privilegiando costumes, práticas e, principalmente, o corpo africano, que em seu deslocamento carregou experiências e saberes

Durant la Guerra Civil, els quàquers es van plantejar ajuda calia detectar els punts de conflicte a Catalunya i cercar l'ajuda directa i alimentar els infants a través de les cantines per evitar desplaçaments que desarrelessin encara més els infants refugiats. Després van veure la necessitat de recolzar i organitzar colònies infantils al camp i a la muntanya per tal d'allunyar els infants dels focus insalubres i destruïts, estimular el seu estat de salut, millorar la seva educació i superar l'estat de desnutrició. Els testimonis en parlen agraïts. La xarxa que van establir els quàquers fou coherents, cohesionada i eficaç. També van coordinar algunes fonts d'ajuda humanitària de procedència estrangera a través d'una Comissió Internacional per tal d'unificar criteris de treball, aprofitar millor els recursos i canalitzar de manera òptima l'ajut econòmic i en espècies que arribava de diferents països. La seva ajuda fou excel·lent i van salvar moltes vides. / During the Civil War, the Quakers set out three objectives in their work.The points of conflict had to be detected, providing direct help and feeding the children through the canteens in order to avoid movements that would disorientate the child refugees even further. They then saw the need to focus on and organise children's holidays in the country and the mountain in order to take them away from the unhealthy and destructive aspects, improve their health and education and overcome their state of malnutrition. All the witnesses with whom I have been lucky enough to speak with were grateful. The third was to coordinate some sources of humanitarian aid from abroad through the International Commission in order to unify the work criteria, make the utmost of the resources and to best channel both economic aid and aid in kind that arrived from different countries. Their support was excellent and they saved many lives.

This diploma work deals with Judaism and Jewish attitudes and approaches to some selected chapters of bio-ethics. Theoretical part is devoted to Judaism in general and its directions, summarizes literary sources of Judaism, and describes dialogue between Christians and Jews. Next chapters of this diploma work present holidays in Jewish year and their division to several groups, Jewish family, including subchapter dealing with pregnancy and birth of a child and habits related to these events. In the final section at the conclusion of the theoretical part of this diploma work I have made comparison between three world monotheistic religions as a source of medical ethics and outlined attitude of Judaism to abortion and assisted reproduction. Research has been carried out by applying quantitative method and the students of South Bohemian University ? Faculty of Pedagogy, Faculty of Theology and Medical Social faculty in the city of České Budějovice took part in the research. Technique of data collection was based on anonymous questionnaire. Total number of 300 questionnaires was distributed (100 questionnaires for each of the aforementioned faculties).

Ce mémoire étudie l’industrie touristique comme stratégie de légitimation interne et externe dans les États de facto. En nous basant plus particulièrement sur le cas de la Transnistrie, nous avons employé une analyse mixte se basant sur des données et politiques officielles ainsi que sur des observations photographiques obtenues directement sur le terrain. L’industrie touristique est une stratégie « deux en un » servant à la fois la construction des identités et s’adressant à un public interne et externe. Nos résultats font ressortir l’utilité de cette stratégie à des fins de légitimation tout en établissant l’existence de liens étroits entre le secteur touristique public et privé. Alors que le secteur public est concentré principalement vers la justification de l’existence de l’entité de facto et de son identité distincte, le secteur privé agit comme un agent de liaison avec le monde extérieur et selon les attraits commerciaux et économiques. Malgré l’existence d’une certaine opposition entre les secteurs de l’industrie touristique, nous soutenons qu’ils sont complémentaires et servent l’État transnistrien dans sa quête de légitimation interne et externe. / This paper is interested in the study of tourism and its industry as a strategy for internal and external legitimization in de facto states. Using the particular case of Transnistria, we used a mixed analysis based on official data and policies as well as photographic observations obtained directly on the field. Tourism industry provides a "two-in-one" strategy, serving both identity and state formation and is aimed at both internal and external audiences. Our results highlight the usefulness of this strategy for legitimization purposes while establishing the existence of close links between the public and private tourism sectors. While the public sector is mainly focused on justifying the existence of the de facto state and its distinct identity, the private sector acts as a liaison with the outside world, and according to financial and economical gain. Despite the existence of some opposition between both sectors of the tourism industry, we argue that they are complementary and that they serve the Transnistrian state in its quest for internal and external legitimization.

The master thesis called Winter in genre painting of the Northern European region in the 16th and 17th-century focuses with the theme of winter period performed on the works of selected artists from Northern Europe. It deals not only with her impressive atmosphere but mainly observes the habits and traditions of the ordinary inhabitants of the villages or towns what is represented on the pictures. The attention of interest is also biblical scenes connected with the Nativity of Christ or folk celebrations of Christian feats during the winter. On selected themes can further explore the forms of winter pleasures of ordinary people or hunting. The purpose of this work is to reflect the importance of winter landscape with reference to the life of a common inhabitants taking into account the socio-historical context of the Netherlands 16th - 17th century. Keywords: genre painting, Renaissance, baroque, Northern Europe, winter, habits, tradition, meeting, sport, carnival, celebrations, ice skating, landscape, hunting, holidays

In our work, we have tried to study the Feast of the Feast in the Orthodox Church, from a historical, dogmatic and liturgical point of view. We sought a descriptive and comparative approach that would have elements of a case study. We looked mainly at the feast of the Church of the Blessed Virgin, which is basically part of the feast of the Nativity. We looked at the feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, then at the feast of the Annunciation, Introduction to the Church and, of course, the feast of the Assumption, which enjoys great respect in Orthodoxy and is nicknamed the Mother of God Passover. The main purpose was to delve deeper into the meaning of the Mother of God in human life, so that the Mother of God could teach each of us to live in the Truth, that is, to live in Christ.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the relationships between allied nations Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia in years 1918 and 1938 from the perspective of selected commemorative acts. The main aim of this thesis is to define the role of the 48th Infantry Regiment in these celebrations. This Thesis is based on the hypothesis that through its honorary title "Jugoslavia" was created symbolic function of the regiment, which was strengthened mutual friendly relationships between Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of SHS. My thesis statement is not chronologically limited on the years 1918 and 1938 because the "seed" was planted before the founding of the independent countries. The thesis examines relationships between Czechs and South Slavs before and during 1st World War, focusing on the relationships and short history of 102nd Infantry Regiment "Potiorek", which has been precursor of the 48th Infantry Regiment "Jugoslavia". Keys words: 1st World War, recollection, holidays, celebrations, collective memory, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, France, Little Entente, 48th Infantry Regiment "Jugoslavia", 102nd Infantry Regiment, Benešov u Prahy.