No abstract available / New Testament / M.Th. (New Testament)

No description available.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The Holy Qurʾān, like the Bible, is an acknowledged literary masterpiece. Its linguistic and aesthetic vivacity with an amalgam of religious beliefs, moral values, religious social orthodoxy and historical backgrounds pose a great challenge to any translator and make the task overwhelmingly arduous, if not unattainable. The study aims at examining the problems the Qurʾān translators encounter while translating near-synonyms from Arabic into English. It is based on the translations of two professional translators namely, Yusuf Ali and T.B. Irving. The translations provide an empirical basis for the discussion of the problems while translating Qurʾānic texts into English. The corpus for the present study includes the translations of four near-synonymous pairs namely, ghayth and maṭar,al-ḥilf and al-qasm, bakhīl and shaḥīḥ and ʿāqir and ʿaqīm in their Qurʾānic context. The two translated texts are compared to determine to which extent the translations reflect the referential and the connotative meaning of the original Qurʾānic text as well as to which extent they maintain the textuality standards such as cohesion,coherence, informativity, situationality and acceptability, intentionality and intertextuality. In short, the study sets out to identify the problematic areas in the translated Qurʾānic texts at the lexical and textual levels with a view to determining what makes one translation better than the other, or what brings one translation closer to the original text than the other.The study is an intersection between Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) and applied linguistics. The researcher consults different books on translation theories as well as of Qurʾānic exegeses(tafsīr) to facilitate the process of analyzing the near-synonyms in their Qurʾānic context. The researcher opts for eclecticism, instead of confining to a particular rigid model or approach,which is a combination of text-analysis translation-oriented approaches of De Beaugrande & Dressler (1981); Neubert & Shreve (1992); Halliday (1994) and Hatim & Mason (1990). In addition, the study draws upon the multiple and theoretical implications of Nida’s dynamic equivalence, Beekman & Callow’s (1974) historical and dynamic fidelity and Gutt’s (1991) relevance theory and the emphasis on communication as mainly context-dependent. These models are closely related and reliable in the process of analyzing and evaluating the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation of the Qurʾānic near-synonyms. Furthermore, the researcher suggests an outline approach for the process of analyzing the Qurʾānic near-synonyms translations in a systemic and organized way thereby ensuring maximum and effective communication of the Qurʾānic message.The study concludes that the Qurʾān translator, compared to other literary genres, faces many difficulties in translating the Qurʾānic ST message. The selected translations of the Holy Qurʾān have failed to measure up to the depth of the Qurʾānic message, its originality and the connotative shades of meanings of the original expression. The study attributes these problems to contextual, socio-cultural, theological and historical factors which create differences that lead to gaps or absence of lexicalization in the TT. Furthermore, the reliance on dictionary meaning rather than the meaning of the lexical item in context, the negligence of context culture as well as the context of situation (the reason for the revelation of the verses) affect the “periodicity” of the text as indicated by Martin & Rose (2007, p.187), that is, the information flow of the whole text.Accordingly, this affects maintaining the standards of textuality and the fidelity which a religious text should meet. The complexity of the Qurʾān as a genre is a great challenge to the translator at both the lexical and textual levels, which dilutes the authenticity of the holy text and misrepresents its true message. The conclusion of the study which contains recommendations based on experience may prove helpful to the future novice and professional translators to improve the quality of translation in general and religious translation in particular.The study is a contribution towards a greater understanding of the subtle differences between the near-synonymous pairs in their Qurʾānic context through Arabic-English translation. It is a novel addition to the world of religious translation, Qurʾān translation, ḥadīth and fiqh in English. It also contributes to some extent to modern exegeses of the Qurʾān. It is hoped that the work will encourage further studies in the field of translation to employ a context-based linguistic approach to translating different genres and sacred texts in particular, integrating insights from applicable translation and linguistic approaches.

A história da interpretação bíblica é testemunha de que uma abordagem ora mais humana, ora mais sobrenatural à Bíblia sempre foi causa de dissenso na comunidade cristã. Ora, essa diversidade interpretativa em grande parte é resultado do entendimento que eventualmente se tem sobre a natureza da Bíblia: por vezes ela é divinizada; outras vezes, tratada como um livro meramente humano. Adotando um enfoque teológico bíblico-sistemático, a pesquisa verificou que a Bíblia, considerada a Palavra de Deus em linguagem humana, precisa ser interpretada respeitando-se essa tensão, já que ela reúne testemunhos humanos de experiências reveladoras de Deus. Isso em nada prejudica o seu caráter de Palavra de Deus, pois a inerrância da Bíblia está em sua mensagem, cujo ápice é a revelação de Jesus Cristo. Na era da Pós-modernidade, em que autor, texto e leitor são desconstruídos, a existência de significado no texto apresenta-se como uma questão teológica. Embora a intenção do autor não seja um conhecimento que se possa obter objetivamente, existem elementos no texto que orientam o leitor a enxergá-lo como uma ação comunicativa definida. O sentido literal, ou sentido literário, é aquele que respeita a intenção autoral, podendo ser descoberto com o auxílio do método histórico-crítico. Já o sensus plenior decorre das distâncias geográfica e temporal entre o texto e o leitor, que descobre nele novas potencialidades. O último estágio do entendimento é a apropriação pessoal do texto bíblico, que é o acolhimento da ação comunicativa intentada, por meio da ajuda do Espírito Santo, que, então, carrega o texto de nova significância em face dos novos tempos. Palavra e Espírito juntos formam o ato de fala de Deus. Entender a Bíblia é fundamentalmente começar a trilhar o seu caminho. / The history of biblical interpretation is witness to the fact that whether to use the more human approach or the more supernatural approach to the Bible has always been cause for dissention in the Christian community. This interpretative diversity is due, in great part, to the understanding which one has about the nature of the Bible: sometimes it is divinized, other times it is treated as a merely human book. Adopting a biblical-systematic theological focus, the research verified that the Bible, considered the Word of God in human language, needs to be interpreted respecting this tension, since it gathers together human witnesses of revealing experiences of God. This in no way affects its character as Word of God, since the inerrancy of the Bible is in its message, the apex of which is the revelation of Jesus Christ. In the era of Post-modernity, in which the author, text and reader are de-constructed, the existence of meaning in the text presents itself as a theological issue. Although the intention of the author may not be knowledge which one can objectively obtain, there exist elements in the text which orient the reader to see it as a definite communicative action. The literal meaning, or the literary meaning, is the one which respects the authors intention, which can be discovered through the historical-critical method. On the other hand the sensus plenior results from the geographical and temporal distances between the text and the reader, who discovers in it new potentialities. The last stage of understanding is the personal appropriation of the biblical text, which is taking in the intended communicative action through the help of the Holy Spirit, which, then, imparts upon the text new meaning in the face of new times. Word and Holy Spirit together form the act of Gods speaking. To understand the Bible one, fundamentally, needs to begin walking in its path.

The theme of this thesis is the significance of Holy Scripture for the life of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church; the main emphasis is on the influence of the Old Testament. This work thus deals with the translation of the Holy Scriptures into the classical Ethiopic and peculiarities of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church canon compared with other canons of the Church. In this case the emphasis is on the Book of Enoch and the Book of Jubilees and the impact of these books on the life of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. It also deals with the tradition of commenting on Holy Scripture in the Ethiopian ambience and the particular elements of the life of the Ethiopian Church, which can be linked with the Old Testament and Jewish tradition.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:15:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Terezinha.pdf: 760152 bytes, checksum: 05aaf07f09f6520a5999eacae5981cf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O impacto cultural e religioso causado pelo encontro dos indígenas e europeus no Novo Mundo me levou à busca de uma reconstrução do universo mental, simbólico e religioso dos povos que viveram no Brasil, nesse período.Para entender as origens, as matrizes fundantes, da religiosidade brasileira busquei, através da análise dos relatos dos cronistas quinhentistas, uma via para essa compreensão. Sabe-se que durante muito tempo a historiografia brasileira desconheceu o fenômeno das Santidades Ameríndias , ou seja, a dimensão dessa religiosidade envolta em magia, mas que pode ser observada e relatada pelos cronistas. Podemos verificar que o sagrado perpassa o campo social e o político dos indígenas brasileiros. Além da crença religiosa, existe a crença em outras forças que regem esse mundo: a crença nas profecias, nas benzeções para afastar os males e na cura ou nos feitiços que podem fazer o mal para seus desafetos. Todavia, nosso propósito não é um estudo da magia ou da religião, mas uma tentativa de abordar as crenças, a religiosidade indígena, nesse Paraíso Terrestre, que por um bom tempo foi o Brasil do Século XVI. O principal personagem: o profeta-caraíba é, ao mesmo tempo, sacerdote e fiel seguidor dos princípios tradicionais, fundamentais de sua tribo. Esse guia espiritual, com a missão de derrotar as forças do mal e libertar sua tribo das garras do inimigo, é quem deverá os conduzir até a Terra sem Mal.

This dissertation investigates how the category of gender difference was mobilised as a practice of power at the early modern court. It argues that gender was not simply a relational category affecting who could participate in early modern politics in what ways, but that it constituted a crucial and active resource of dynastic power. This subject of study is opened up through a case study of the court of Württemberg in the subsequent reigns of Dukes Friedrich I and his son Johann Friedrich, which span the period of time from 1593 to 1628. The reign of Duke Friedrich I was a time of political reform, which saw the influence of the local estates curtailed and an extroverted foreign policy pursued, whilst the duke concurrently entertained several extramarital affairs in contention with Lutheranism’s prescriptions. His son Johann Friedrich clearly took exception to his father's lifestyle, since, at Friedrich's premature death in 1608, he imprisoned a number of his father's mistresses and procuresses. He was forced to let the majority of these women go again quite quickly, keeping only one suspected procuress in custody, whose case was to drag on until 1618. Johann Friedrich's mother Duchess Sibylla, who had borne fifteen children to Friedrich and thus became the Stammesmutter of a new Württemberg dynastic line, was involved in these dealings. The contrast of these two differently structured approaches to rulership allows for the investigation of the power dynamics of monogamy and polygamy in one coherent case study. Württemberg is an interesting location for this research since it was a large and important territory of southern Germany, which came to be deeply involved in Protestant resistance in the worsening religious strife leading up to the Thirty Years’ War. Documents ranging from court ordinances, festival descriptions and servants registers, to courtly correspondences, juridical supplications and declarations have been consulted. This broad range of primary sources facilitates the investigation of the salience of gender difference both in the context of a courtly system heading a polity, as well as on the level of individual actors whose personhood was intricately entwined with their gendered identities. It is argued here that it is imperative to avoid a fragmentation within court studies into gender and women’s history on the one side and political approaches on the other, in order to maximise our understanding of the practice of power located at early modern courts. Gender difference complicated and further differentiated courtly status hierarchies and lent flexibility to increasingly rigid sets of dynastic rules about reproduction, succession, and etiquette, which had a beneficial impact on the longevity of the dynastic system.

Na presente obra, SILVA Jr propõe uma teologia bíblica do messianismo à luz da crítica canônica e em harmonia com a compreensão de José Comblin acerca do fenômeno do messianismo como temática através da qual o cristianismo fala de uma realidade última. Para SILVA Jr, o messianismo bíblico está em função de nos revelar uma eclesiologia pneumática, e não uma mera libertação histórica, um elemento irredutivelmente ulterior, e não uma práxis libertária de teor revolucionário, como é o caso dos messianismos em meio às sociedades em geral. Em sua forma final no âmbito do cânon bíblico, o messianismo do Antigo Testamento tem suas raízes na comunidade alternativa proposta por Moisés e sua continuidade com as promessas feitas a Davi, sendo todavia a comunidade pós-exílica centrada no templo que redescobre, em meio às peregrinações litúrgicas intertestamentárias, a crescente função escatológica do remanescente fiel portador da experiência mística de uma eclesiologia pneumática só plenamente revelada com a releitura neotestamentária do messianismo feita pela comunidade do discípulo amado. Assim, SILVA Jr demonstra como o foco do messianismo de Jesus reside em sua comunhão com o Pai operada pelo Espírito desde a sinagoga de Nazaré e como a releitura posterior feita pela teologia paulina o propõe como a mais genuína pneumatologia da Igreja, cuja experiência sacramental vincula-se estritamente à questão da processão eterna do Espírito, e não somente à sua missão histórica a partir de Pentecostes, de acordo com a teologia joanina e, imultaneamente, com a teologia ortodoxa até hoje. / In this present work, SILVA Jr proposes a bíblical theology of the messianism in according to canonical criticism and to the Joseph Comblins understanding about the biblical messianism as a theme to the christianianity speaks about the ultimate reality. In the SILVA Jrs perspective, the biblical messianism is in order to reveal us a pneumatic eclesiology, and not a mere historicist libertation, a ultimate irreducible element, and not a politic praxis in a revolutionary way, like the social messianisms. In its final shape of the biblical canon, the Old Testament messianism has its roots in the alternative community proposed by Moses and its continuity in the promises made to the David, but it will be the post-exilic community centered in the temple who rediscovers, in the middle the liturgical pilgrimages of intertestamentarial period, an increasing eschatological function of the Israels remnant as the last place to mystical experience of the pneumatic ecclesiology just fully revealed in the neotestamentary reinterpretation of the messianism applied by beloved disciple community. Just so, SILVA Jr demonstrates the focus of the Jesus messianism as being in the his communion to the Father operated by the Holy Spirit from the Nazareths sinagoga, and also, he presents as the posterior reinterpretation applied by pauline theology understands the messianism as a most genuine Churchs pneumatology, in which the sacramental experience is strictly relationed to the question on the eternal procession of the Holy Spirit, and not just to its historic mission from the Pentecost, in according to the joanine theology and, at the same time, to the orthodox theology in our days.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Along the literary work Videiras de Cristal written by Luiz Antônio de Assis Brasil, is notorious the intense dialogue with other texts. It means a wide process of intertextuality. The intertextual connections with the biblical texts are worth of attention specially on the New Testament. From the light of Gennete, Bakhtin among others theoricians‟ propositions was analysed how are estabilished the relations between the novel Videiras de Cristal and the Holy Bible, as well their purposes. By the irony and intertextuality perspectives was observed how each process take place and the objective underlying these concepts along the literary text of Assis Brasil. The defended thesis is the concerning on the valorization of a historical fact revisited by the book and resized through the forged dialogues. It is understood this fact assumes through the literary work the status of a mere historical text would not have. The body of this research is composed by four chapters. On the first chapter is made a bibliographical review over the constitution of Novel and the Modern Age, over the author and his work, and also the factual basis of the analysed writing. On the second chapter is argued the possibility to classify Assis Brasil‟s novel as historical novel and on the last two chapters is made an analysis of the characters and the narrative itself aiming to check the intertextuality faces and a related dialogism present and inherent to Videiras de Cristal. / Na obra Videiras de cristal, de Luiz Antônio de Assis Brasil, nota-se um intenso diálogo com outros textos. Isto é, verifica-se um expansivo processo de intertextualidade. Merece destaque os intertextos com textos bíblicos, em especial os encontrados no Novo Testamento da Bíblia. Sendo assim, a partir das proposições de Genette, Bakhtin e outros teóricos, foi analisado como se estabelecem as relações entre o romance Videiras de Cristal e a Bíblia, bem como a que servem. Através do viés da ironia e da intertextualidade observou-se como ocorrem na obra cada um desses processos e com que objetivo tais conceitos são abordados no texto literário de Assis Brasil. A tese defendida é que na obra há uma preocupação com a valorização de um fato histórico, revisitado pela obra e redimensionado atráves dos diálogos que se forjam. Entende-se que este fato assume, através do fazer literário, o status que um texto puramente histórico não lhe daria. O corpo do presente trabalho é composto por quatro capítulos. No primeiro capítulo faz-se uma retomada sobre a constituição do Romance e a Era Moderna e uma abordagem sobre o autor e sua obra, bem como a base factual do romance em análise. No segundo capítulo discute-se sobre a possibilidade de classificação do romance de Assis Brasil com um romance histórico e nos dois últimos capítulos procede-se uma análise das personagens e da narrativa propriamente dita a fim de proceder-se a verificação das faces da intertextualidade e de um aparente dialogismo, presentes e inerentes à obra Videiras de Cristal.

A proposta do trabalho é investigar a música e sua centralidade nos rituais do Santo Daime ligados ao Centro Eclético da Fluente Luz Universal Raimundo Irineu Serra (CEFLURIS), fundado na década de 1970. A metodologia utilizada é a observação participante nos trabalhos de hinário, presenciados nas igrejas cariocas Céu do Mar e Jardim Praia da Beira-Mar e do conjunto de dez entrevistas em profundidade. Além de um capítulo da descrição do campo e outro com a revisão bibliográfica da literatura antropológica do Santo Daime, a dissertação conta com três capítulos de análise. O primeiro deles é aberto com a revisão de estudos da etnomusicologia para então abordar o ritual de hinário e a relação entre tempo e música na orientação de tarefas específicas durante as cerimônias; o que constrói entre outras coisas, uma nova concepção de realidade devido aos aspectos poético-musicais aliados ao contexto psicotrópico e ritualístico como um todo. No capítulo seguinte se discute a interpretação nativa que descreve a gênese dos hinos religiosos como um recebimento e suas especificidades, contrapostas a uma idéia de composição musical. As falas do grupo sobre a natureza dos pensamentos, sentimentos e a subjetividade, refletem-se nas noções de sagrado e nas diferenciações hierárquicas nos salões das igrejas daimistas, utilizando o conceito de micropolítica dos sentimentos o dialogo é construído desta vez com os estudos da antropologia das emoções. O terceiro capítulo da análise está voltado para uma discussão sobre as situações que envolvem a oferta de hinos em um complexo circuito de dádivas, quando o daimista presenteia outro membro do grupo por intermédio de canções religiosas, ligando o mundo dos espíritos e os homens pelo ato do presentear. Esta etapa do trabalho também é precedida por uma revisão da literatura antropológica, voltada para estudos clássicos sobre a dádiva, destacando-se a discussão da troca como uma gramática. Todas as fases da análise são introduzidas por revisões teóricas e, da forma como o trabalho está estruturado, os temas abordados nos capítulos iniciais são continuamente retomados ao longo das discussões. O argumento central da dissertação é construído sobre as seguintes questões: Qual o espaço ocupado pela música na vida diária dos seguidores da religião do Santo Daime e dentro dos rituais? De que maneira essas canções são como pontes de ligação entre as esferas sagrada e profana? Como as músicas orientam a práxis religiosa e as relações entre os crentes? De que forma os hinos religiosos do Santo Daime são capazes de suscitar e expressar sentimentos específicos? E enfim: como música e sentimento se articulam na conformação deste tipo de experiência religiosa? / The purpose of this study is to investigate the music and its centrality in the Santo Daime rituals connected to the "Eclectic Center of the Fluent Universal Light Raimundo Sierra Irenaeus" (CEFLURIS), founded in the 1970s. The methodology is participant observation in "works of the hymnal," witnessed in the churches of the Sky Rio Mar Beach and Garden Beira-Mar and the whole ten in-depth interviews. In a chapter describing the field and another with the anthropological literature review of the Santo Daime, the thesis has three chapters of analysis. The first opens with a review of studies of ethnomusicology and then discusses the ritual of "hymn" and the relationship between time and music in the orientation of specific tasks during the ceremonies, which builds among other things, a new conception of "reality" due to the poetic-musical aspects allies psychotropic and ritual context as a whole. The following chapter discusses the native interpretation that describes the genesis of religious hymns as a "receipt" and its specificities, opposed to the idea of "musical composition". The statements of the group on the nature of thoughts, feelings and subjectivity, reflected in the notions of sacred and the hierarchical distinctions in the halls of the Daime churches, using the concept of "micro feelings of" the dialogue is built this time with the studies of anthropology of emotions. The third chapter of the analysis is focused on a discussion of the situations involving the supply of hymns in a complex circuit of gifts, when the Daime presents another member of the group through religious songs, connecting the world of spirits and men by the act the gift. This stage of work is also preceded by a review of anthropological literature, classical studies focused on the donation, especially the discussion of the exchange as a "grammar". All phases of the analysis are introduced by theoretical revisions, and the way work is organized, the topics covered in the initial chapters are continuously taken up during the discussions. The central argument of this dissertation is built on the following questions: What is the space occupied by music in the daily life of followers of the religion of Santo Daime and within the rituals? How do these songs are like bridges linking the sacred and profane spheres? As the songs guide the practice and the relationship between religious believers? How do Santo Daime hymns are able to elicit specific and express feelings? And finally: how music and feelings are articulated in the conformation of this type of religious experience?