<p>Hemlöshet börjar bli en ökande del av det amerikanska samhället. Få studier har gjorts där den hemlöse själv beskriver sitt behov av omvårdnad och sjukvård. Denna studie syftar till att belysa vad amerikanska hemlösa uttryckt som sitt dagliga behov av omvårdnad och sjukvård. Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) kvalitativa innehållsanalys har använts för att bearbeta data. Med de existerande levnadsomständigheterna för hemlösa uppkommer behov och komplikationer som riskerar att orsaka ett ökat behov av sjukvård. I deras sökande efter behövlig sjukvård möttes de av utmaningar. I datamaterialet upptäcktes negativa yttringar likväl som uttryck av behov av omvårdnad som blivit tillgodosedda. Slutsats, hemlösa är i ett stort behov av omvårdnad och sjukvård i sitt dagliga liv. Sjukvårdssystemet behöver förändra sitt tillvägagångssätt och utvecklas för att bättre kunna möta de behov som finns bland dessa personer.</p> / <p>Homelessness is becoming an increasing part of the American society. Few studies have been done describing what the homeless themselves express as needs in care and healthcare. The aim in this study is to describe how homeless American individuals express needs of care and healthcare in their daily life. In doing so literature were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundmans (2004) qualitative content analysis. With the living conditions of the homeless there arose needs and complications, having the potential to cause health care needs. There were obstacles in their way while trying to receive health care. Negative expressions as well as fulfillment in care were also discovered in the data. In conclusion the homeless individuals are in great need of care and health care in their daily lives. The health care system needs to broaden its views and approaches when it comes to caring for these individuals to be able to meet their conditions better.</p>

<p>The aim of this paper is to see how the local authorities in Norrköping create a way to look at homelessness. This aim is examined with the help of the central questions: How does the municipality describe homelessness as a phenomenon? What causes to homelessness can be seen in the texts? How do they describe homeless people? And What kind of actions are used or proposed? The analysis has been done with the tools and thoughts of the critical discourse analysis and made on text documents written by politics and employees of the city of Norrköping. The theories which have been used are those of postmodernism, welfare, homelessness, civil society and relative poverty. The analysis shows that the way the municipality of Norrköping looks at homelessness correspond with the way homelessness is presented in current Swedish research. The result leads up to discussions about alternative ways of looking at some of the causes and some of the actions that prevent and reduce homelessness. </p><p>Central thoughts in this paper are those of individual and structural causes that lead to homelessness. These causes are discussed with the focus on how they co-operate and what they can say about the responsibility that is shared between the city and its citizens. Another interesting thing that is shown in the analysis is that some problems are identified but more or less forgotten in further thoughts. The judgement made in this paper is that the excluded parts often are of a nature that reaches beyond the municipality’s liability.</p>

The aim of this paper is to see how the local authorities in Norrköping create a way to look at homelessness. This aim is examined with the help of the central questions: How does the municipality describe homelessness as a phenomenon? What causes to homelessness can be seen in the texts? How do they describe homeless people? And What kind of actions are used or proposed? The analysis has been done with the tools and thoughts of the critical discourse analysis and made on text documents written by politics and employees of the city of Norrköping. The theories which have been used are those of postmodernism, welfare, homelessness, civil society and relative poverty. The analysis shows that the way the municipality of Norrköping looks at homelessness correspond with the way homelessness is presented in current Swedish research. The result leads up to discussions about alternative ways of looking at some of the causes and some of the actions that prevent and reduce homelessness. Central thoughts in this paper are those of individual and structural causes that lead to homelessness. These causes are discussed with the focus on how they co-operate and what they can say about the responsibility that is shared between the city and its citizens. Another interesting thing that is shown in the analysis is that some problems are identified but more or less forgotten in further thoughts. The judgement made in this paper is that the excluded parts often are of a nature that reaches beyond the municipality’s liability.

Hemlöshet börjar bli en ökande del av det amerikanska samhället. Få studier har gjorts där den hemlöse själv beskriver sitt behov av omvårdnad och sjukvård. Denna studie syftar till att belysa vad amerikanska hemlösa uttryckt som sitt dagliga behov av omvårdnad och sjukvård. Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) kvalitativa innehållsanalys har använts för att bearbeta data. Med de existerande levnadsomständigheterna för hemlösa uppkommer behov och komplikationer som riskerar att orsaka ett ökat behov av sjukvård. I deras sökande efter behövlig sjukvård möttes de av utmaningar. I datamaterialet upptäcktes negativa yttringar likväl som uttryck av behov av omvårdnad som blivit tillgodosedda. Slutsats, hemlösa är i ett stort behov av omvårdnad och sjukvård i sitt dagliga liv. Sjukvårdssystemet behöver förändra sitt tillvägagångssätt och utvecklas för att bättre kunna möta de behov som finns bland dessa personer. / Homelessness is becoming an increasing part of the American society. Few studies have been done describing what the homeless themselves express as needs in care and healthcare. The aim in this study is to describe how homeless American individuals express needs of care and healthcare in their daily life. In doing so literature were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundmans (2004) qualitative content analysis. With the living conditions of the homeless there arose needs and complications, having the potential to cause health care needs. There were obstacles in their way while trying to receive health care. Negative expressions as well as fulfillment in care were also discovered in the data. In conclusion the homeless individuals are in great need of care and health care in their daily lives. The health care system needs to broaden its views and approaches when it comes to caring for these individuals to be able to meet their conditions better.

The purpose of this study was to investigate a nursing home for people who were previously homeless. The study was based on a case study done on the nursing home Gamlebo. The fol-lowing questions were asked, (1) What conditions apply for the job? (2) How is work carried out ? (3) What are the needs of the residents at Gamlebo? (4) What distinguishes Gamlebo from other nursing homes for older people? A qualitative approach was used along with semi-structured interviews. The theory was made with standard theory. The results showed that the staff at Gamlebo had the potential to work through clear guide-lines that took into account the residents' individual needs. Work was conducted with individ-ual solutions and most importantly a good treatment. A good treatment was according to the staff crucial when working with the residents. The residents were characterized by their homelessness and had a distrust of society. To create trust towards the residents was therefore crucial and to wait out the residents own will. What distinguishes Gamlebo from other tradi-tional nursing homes is that the staff has the expertise and experience to meet older people who have been homeless in their own terms.

This dissertation explores human interactions with Toronto’s Don River Valley from the late eighteenth century to the present, focusing on the period of intense urbanization and industrialization between 1880 and 1940. Its concentration on the urban fringe generates new perspectives on the social and environmental consequences of urban development. From its position on the margins, the Don performed vital functions for the urban economy as a provider of raw materials and a sink for wastes. Insights derived from the intersections between social and environmental history are at the heart of this project. The dissertation begins by documenting the industrial history of the river and its transformation from a central provider in the lives of early Toronto residents to a polluted periphery in the latter half of the nineteenth century. An analysis of the valley’s related function as a repository for human “undesirables” reveals connections between the processes that identified certain individuals as deficient “others” and similar imperatives at work in classifying difficult or unpredictable environments as “waste spaces.” Efforts to “reclaim” and improve the river are the subject of the remaining chapters. A series of initiatives between 1870 and 1930 aimed at reconfiguring the lower Don as an efficient corridor for transportation and industrial development reveal in their shortcomings and unintended consequences a failure to accommodate dynamic and often unpredictable ecological processes. Reclamations of a different kind are explored in the conservation movement of the twentieth century, through which the valley emerges as a valuable public amenity. The dissertation concludes by investigating how the valley’s history informs current plans to “renaturalize” the river mouth. Throughout, the Don functions as an autonomous and causal force in the city’s history. On this small river on the urban fringe, nature and society worked in mutually constitutive ways to shape and reshape the metropolis.

The growing number of people living below the poverty line has made homelessness a topic of interest, once again. This paper focuses on the homeless adolescent population that is often overlooked, and explores the complexity of the homeless situation, and how there is no definite solution to overcome homelessness. At-risk and homeless adolescents are affected by many negative factors that cause them to seek early independence, such as parenting style, finical instability, lack of an education, drugs and alcohol, physical and sexual abuse, all of which are discussed in this paper. Along with the negative factors, there are protective barriers that can potentially help an at-risk adolescent but are ineffective once the adolescent is homeless. This paper also addresses how we as a society can be more proactive in helping this population, and be aware if the warning signs that can lead a youth to decide to run away and eventually end up homeless.

This dissertation explores human interactions with Toronto’s Don River Valley from the late eighteenth century to the present, focusing on the period of intense urbanization and industrialization between 1880 and 1940. Its concentration on the urban fringe generates new perspectives on the social and environmental consequences of urban development. From its position on the margins, the Don performed vital functions for the urban economy as a provider of raw materials and a sink for wastes. Insights derived from the intersections between social and environmental history are at the heart of this project. The dissertation begins by documenting the industrial history of the river and its transformation from a central provider in the lives of early Toronto residents to a polluted periphery in the latter half of the nineteenth century. An analysis of the valley’s related function as a repository for human “undesirables” reveals connections between the processes that identified certain individuals as deficient “others” and similar imperatives at work in classifying difficult or unpredictable environments as “waste spaces.” Efforts to “reclaim” and improve the river are the subject of the remaining chapters. A series of initiatives between 1870 and 1930 aimed at reconfiguring the lower Don as an efficient corridor for transportation and industrial development reveal in their shortcomings and unintended consequences a failure to accommodate dynamic and often unpredictable ecological processes. Reclamations of a different kind are explored in the conservation movement of the twentieth century, through which the valley emerges as a valuable public amenity. The dissertation concludes by investigating how the valley’s history informs current plans to “renaturalize” the river mouth. Throughout, the Don functions as an autonomous and causal force in the city’s history. On this small river on the urban fringe, nature and society worked in mutually constitutive ways to shape and reshape the metropolis.

This dissertation focuses on the potential empowerment writing has among a homeless community in Atlanta, Georgia. Through the participation in a newly created writing workshop and a street newspaper in that community, the narrative and communication among writing participants demonstrate negotiations of self-identification as public and private writers and the situational influence writing has on their lives. The study adds to the “public turn” of writing instruction with the intention of helping to bridge the gap between traditional composition pedagogy in academia and such education in outside community. That participatory instruction reinforces the notion that writing and rhetorical performances can effect positive change in individual lives beyond that institutional space.

This study examines framing strategies employed by the social movement responding to homelessness in Atlanta, Georgia over the course of the 20th century. Drawing on archival records, media accounts and interviews with religious, business and government leaders, this longitudinal case study documents the varied casts of individuals and groups responding to the visible poor on the streets of the city. At the forefront of this project were religious groups serving variously as agents of social control or prophets calling for justice. Social movement framing theory, supplemented by resource mobilization and political opportunity theories, are applied to analyze movement processes. Framing theory provides an explanation for the coordination of collective action in social movements. However, the processes by which movements develop, contest and subsequently transform frames have received little scholarly attention and remain central questions for framing theory. This study addresses these questions. Analytically, I consider the movement in two waves: 1) an early movement dating from 1900 to 1970 and, 2) a modern movement covering the years from 1975 to 2005. In each period movement leaders adopted diagnostic, prognostic and motivational frames to organize and direct their actions. In the first wave, the Salvation Army and Union Mission drew on frames of sin and redemption to develop specialized, separate institutions and programs for the visible poor. The second wave of the movement developed its framing by incorporating elements from the civil rights movement, liberation theology and the Catholic Worker traditions. Religious leaders developed a church based, volunteer run shelter system providing free emergency night shelter to homeless persons. Freezing deaths on the streets of the city in 1981 led to rapid diffusion of church-based sheltering and adoption of a crisis/disaster frame. Central to these developments was a core group of religious leaders bringing a variety of personal experiences and visions to sheltering. The experience of sheltering and the confrontations with downtown business and political leaders fostered the development of frames with greater complexity and highlighted internal contradictions in the movement. New frames explaining homelessness variously emphasized either structural (injustice) or individual (disability) factors leading to framing conflicts within the movement.