Submitted by Suzana Kotzent (su_kotzent@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-17T13:27:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final 170317 Suzana Kotzent.pdf: 1627152 bytes, checksum: fb879e427474125c781d95d8fcc0faa5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-23T16:43:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 kotzent_s_me_jabo_par.pdf: 1254030 bytes, checksum: 86a63f13335a097462b3bb9d50cce954 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T16:43:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 kotzent_s_me_jabo_par.pdf: 1254030 bytes, checksum: 86a63f13335a097462b3bb9d50cce954 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os probióticos são microorganismos vivos que afetam de forma benéfica o hospedeiro ou o ambiente. Na aquicultura podem ser usados tanto na água como na ração, mas seu uso na alimentação é destacado como uma das principais medidas profiláticas. As doenças bacterianas são consideradas um dos principais entraves no crescimento da aquicultura, e assim, há a necessidade urgente no desenvolvimento de probióticos. O tambaqui Colossoma macropomum é a espécie nativa mais produzida no Brasil, e apesar de sua importância econômica, não há estudos que estabeleçam os microorganismos com potencial probiótico para esta espécie de peixe. Neste trabalho foi possível identificar e caracterizar bactérias autóctones com potencial probiótico para o tambaqui a partir de testes de: caracterização morfológica, catalase, tolerância à bile, antagonismo frente à patógenos, sensibilidade a antimicrobianos e sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. As cepas selecionadas foram: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Staphylococcus hominis e Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Todas as cepas foram tolerantes aos ácidos biliares do tambaqui e capazes de inibir o crescimento dos patógenos Enterococcus casseliflavus, Lactococcus garvieae e Aeromonas hydrophila. Todas as cepas foram parcialmente resistentes contra sete antibióticos. Como as cepas de S. saprophyticus e E. faecalis apresentaram menores valores no teste de antagonismo e por estas bactérias serem relatadas como agentes zoonóticos, concluímos este estudo selecionando quatro potenciais cepas: E. hirae, L. lactis, P. pentosaceus, S. hominis. Este é o primeiro estudo a referir o potencial uso probiótico de cepas autóctones para o tambaqui. / Probiotics are living microorganisms that beneficially affect the host or the environment. In aquaculture it can be used in both water and feed, but its use in feed is highlighted as one of the main prophylactic measures. Bacterial diseases are considered to be one of the major obstacles to the growth of aquaculture, and thus, there is an urgent need for the development of probiotics. The tambaqui Colossoma macropomum is the most produced native species in Brazil, and despite its economic importance, there are no studies that establish the microorganisms with probiotic potential for this fish species. In this study it was possible to identify and characterize autochthones bacteria with probiotic potential for tambaqui from tests of: morphological characterization, catalase, bile tolerance, antagonism of pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibility and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The selected strains were: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. All strains were tolerant to acids bile from tambaqui and capable of inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus casseliflavus, Lactococcus garvieae and Aeromonas hydrophila pathogens. All strains were partially resistant against seven antibiotics. Since the strains of S. saprophyticus and E. faecalis presented lower values in the test of antagonism and because these bacteria were reported as zoonotic agents, we conclude this study selecting four potential strains: E. hirae, L. lactis, P. pentosaceus, S. hominis. This is the first study to mention the potential probiotic use of autochthonous strains for tambaqui.

Resumo: Avaliou-se comparativamente duas formulações, de ação prolongada, contendo Ivermectina (4% e 3,15%) em quatro experimentos em bovinos. Pelo grupo controle, constatou-se a presença das seguintes espécies de nematódeos gastrintestinais: Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata, Trichostrongylus axei, Oesophagostomum radiatum e Trichuris discolor. Quanto à eficácia anti-helmíntica, observou-se que a Ivermectina 4%* foi estatisticamente (P<0,05) superior à Ivermectina 3,15% contra Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata e Oesophagostomum radiatum. As duas formulações praticamente não diferiram quanto à eficácia anti-Boophilus microplus e antilarvas de Dermatobia hominis (berne). Decorridos 120 dias pós-tratamento, foram registrados, em relação ao grupo controle, diferenciais de ganho de peso corporal de 17,79 e 11,19 kg em bovinos medicados com Ivermectina 4% e Ivermectina 3,15%, respectivamente. / Abstract: Comparative endectocide efficacy and effect on weight gain in cattle treated with two (3.15% or 4%) ivermectin formulations. Four trials were conduced to a comparative evaluation of two long action (3.15% or 4%) ivermectin formulations. In the anthelmintic study, the 4% ivermectin formulation showed efficacy statistically higher than 3.15% ivermectin against Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Ivermectin at both concentrations was similarly effective against Boophilus microplus and larvae of Dermatobia hominis (warble fly). After 120 days post-treatment, it was observed, relative to the control group, difference in the weight gain of 17.70kg and 11.10kg in cattle treated with 4% ivermectin and 3.15% ivermectin, respectively. / Orientador: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira / Coorientador: Alvimar José da Costa / Banca: Márcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira / Banca: Oeliton Ferreira Barbosa / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Fabiano Araujo Pires-01.pdf: 878766 bytes, checksum: 9179bfb28ddd6cee14d8d4414534b8f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / We performed a combination of proteinase assay, either in solution or immobilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel copolymerized with gelatin, to detect and quantify proteinases of Dermatobia hominis second (L2) and third (L3) instar larvae. In quantitative assays, we examined proteinase activity by hydrolysis of a panel of peptide bonds specific for the main proteinase classes. We verified that the pGlu-Phe-Leu p-nitroanilide substrate was hydrolyzed by crude extracts of L2 (3.0 ? 0.2 nmoles hour-1 mg of protein-1) and L3 (7.7 ? 0.1 nmoles hour-1 mg of protein-1) and that both activities were partially inhibited by transepoxysuccinyl- L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane, 15 % and 3 % respectively. Also, we demonstrated that the Na-p-Tosyl-L-Arg methyl ester substrate was hydrolyzed by crude extracts of L2 (117 ? 24 nmoles hour-1 mg of protein-1) and L3 (111 ? 10 nmoles hour-1 mg of protein-1), suggesting a predominance of esterase activity in the crude larval preparation. Interestingly, the specific activity of serine-proteinases was totally inhibited by Phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride in the L3 crude extract, while only 10 % of this enzyme class activity was inhibited in the L2 crude extract. Also, we have detected crude extract L2 (Km = 7,59) larvae have more affinity than L3 larvae (Km = 35,75) to Na-p-Tosyl-L-Arg methyl ester. The results of the qualitative assays with substrate gels suggested that L2 and L3 larvae express serine-proteinases with similar (13 kDa and 22 kDa) and distinct (50 kDa in L2 and 30 kDa in L3) relative molecular masses. Additionally, we have isolated an enriched esterase activity from L3 crude extract using successive chromatographies in Aprotinine-Agarose and DEAE-Sephacell columns. By this strategy we detected only one 50 kDa proteinase in this larvae crude extract. Finally, these findings contribute to the biochemical characterization of D. hominis L2 and L3 larvae. / Neste trabalho foram realizados ensaios de atividade de proteinase em solu??o e com prote?nas imobilizadas em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de s?dio copolimerizado com gelatina, para detec??o e quantifica??o das proteinases presentes nos extratos larvares de segundo (L2) e terceiro (L3) est?gios de Dermatobia hominis. Nos ensaios quantitativos, utilizou-se um painel de pept?deos sint?ticos espec?ficos para as principais classes de proteinases. Verificamos que o substrato pGlu-Phe-Leu p-nitroanilide foi hidrolisado pelo extrato total de L2 (3,0 ? 0,2 nmoles hora-1 mg de prote?na-1) e L3 (7,7 ? 0,1 nmoles hora-1 mg de prote?na-1) e que ambas atividades foram parcialmente inibidas pelo trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane, 15 % e 3 % respectivamente. Tamb?m, demonstramos que o substrato Na-p-Tosyl-L-Arg methyl ester foi hidrolisado pelos extratos totais de L2 (117 ? 24 nmoles hora-1 mg de prote?na-1) e L3 (111 ? 10 nmoles hora-1 mg de proteina-1), sugerindo uma predomin?ncia da atividade ester?sica nestes extratos. A atividade espec?fica de serino-proteinases foi totalmente inibida pelo phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride nos extratos de L3, enquanto que somente 10 % desta atividade foi inibida nos extrados de L2. Al?m disso, n?s detectamos que o extrato total das larvas L2 (Km = 7,59) tem maior afinidade ao Na-p-Tosyl-L-Arg methyl ester do que o extrato total das larva de L3 (Km = 35,75). Os resultados do ensaio qualitativo com g?is de substrato sugerem que os extratos larvares L2 e L3 expressam serino-proteinases com similares (13 kDa e 22 kDa) e distintas (50 kDa em L2 e 30 kDa em L3) massas moleculares relativas. Adicionalmente, isolamos uma atividade ester?sica enriquecida do extrato total de L3 utilizando sucessivas cromatografias em colunas de Aprotinina-Agarose e DEAE-Sephacell. Com esta estrat?gia, detectamos somente uma banda de proteinase de 50 kDa neste extrato total. Estes resultados contribuem para a caracteriza??o das proteinases larvares de D. hominis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 canavaci_fht_me_jabo.pdf: 217331 bytes, checksum: b1d45ab310a2e588fc1485227ef1cd7d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Avaliou-se comparativamente duas formulações, de ação prolongada, contendo Ivermectina (4% e 3,15%) em quatro experimentos em bovinos. Pelo grupo controle, constatou-se a presença das seguintes espécies de nematódeos gastrintestinais: Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata, Trichostrongylus axei, Oesophagostomum radiatum e Trichuris discolor. Quanto à eficácia anti-helmíntica, observou-se que a Ivermectina 4%* foi estatisticamente (P<0,05) superior à Ivermectina 3,15% contra Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata e Oesophagostomum radiatum. As duas formulações praticamente não diferiram quanto à eficácia anti-Boophilus microplus e antilarvas de Dermatobia hominis (berne). Decorridos 120 dias pós-tratamento, foram registrados, em relação ao grupo controle, diferenciais de ganho de peso corporal de 17,79 e 11,19 kg em bovinos medicados com Ivermectina 4% e Ivermectina 3,15%, respectivamente. / Comparative endectocide efficacy and effect on weight gain in cattle treated with two (3.15% or 4%) ivermectin formulations. Four trials were conduced to a comparative evaluation of two long action (3.15% or 4%) ivermectin formulations. In the anthelmintic study, the 4% ivermectin formulation showed efficacy statistically higher than 3.15% ivermectin against Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Ivermectin at both concentrations was similarly effective against Boophilus microplus and larvae of Dermatobia hominis (warble fly). After 120 days post-treatment, it was observed, relative to the control group, difference in the weight gain of 17.70kg and 11.10kg in cattle treated with 4% ivermectin and 3.15% ivermectin, respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brant_mprc_me_botfmvz.pdf: 347841 bytes, checksum: 07a65a6f458afcc54be76d10fc51457e (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar os produtos de excreção/secreção (PE/S) de larvas de Dermatobia hominis, especialmente, no que se refere à atividade proteolítica desses produtos. Os PE/S foram obtidos de larvas de primeiro estágio (L1) cultivadas em laboratório e de larvas de segundo (L2) e terceiro (L3) estágios colhidas de bovinos parasitados. O perfil das proteínas foi obtido pela eletroforese dos PE/S em gel de poliacrilamida contendo sódio dodecil sulfato (SDS-PAGE) e a atividade proteolítica foi investigada utilizando gelatina, azocaseína e N-a-benzoil-arginina-nitroanilida (BAPNA) como substratos. Para caracterização das proteases foram realizados ensaios utilizando estes mesmos substratos, nos quais as amostras foram tratadas com os inibidores: PMSF, TPCK, TLCK, DCI, E-64, EDTA, Elastatinal, Leupeptina, Fenantrolina e Antipaína. Nos PE/S de L1 foram detectadas exclusivamente proteases com peso molecular aparente acima de 168 kDa, cuja inibição revelou pertencerem aos grupos das metalo-proteases e serina-proteases. Os zimogramas dos PE/S de L2 e L3 em géis copolimerizados com gelatina revelaram uma ampla faixa de atividade proteolítica, na qual estavam presentes proteases de alto, médio e baixo pesos moleculares aparentes. Nos ensaios realizados com inibidores de proteases, utilizando os três substratos, as proteases presentes em L2 e L3 foram identificadas como pertencentes ao grupo das serina-proteases, sendo em L3, predominantemente, do tipo tripsina. As alterações nos padrões de proteólise e nas características bioquímicas das proteases presentes nos três estágios larvais discuti- se à atividade das larvas em cada fase do seu desenvolvimento. / In the present investigation the biochemical characteristics of the Dermatobia hominis larvae secretory/excretory products (PE/S) were analyzed mainly regard to their proteolytic activities. The PE/S of first-instar larvae were collected from larvae reared in the laboratory and of the second and third instars from larvae removed from infested cattle.The PE/S were tested in a sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to identify their proteic profiles and the proteases activity were investigated using gelatine, azocasein, and N-a-benzoil-arginine-nitroanilide (BAPNA) as substrates. The proteases characterizations were performed by treating PE/S samples by the following proteases inhibitors: PMSF, TPCK, DCI, E-64, EDTA, Elastatinal, Leupeptine, Phenatroline, and Antipain. SDS-PAGE-Gelatin profiles of L1 PE/S revealed only proteases with molecular weight above 168 KDa whereas profiles from L2 and L3 PE/S revealed a high range of proteolytic activity, including high, medium and low molecular weight proteases. The assays performed with the protease inhibitors, and gelatin and azocasein as substrates, revealed that metalloprotease is the major class of proteases present in the PE/S of L1 besides the low content of serine-proteases. The major class of proteases present in the PE/S of L2 and L3 was characterized as serine-proteases, being in L3 predominantly of trypsin type. The changes in the proteolytic patterns and biochemical characteristics of the proteases found in all three instar larvae of D. hominis were with the larval activity in each phase of their development.

The cytopathology of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in H.Ep.2 and BHK-21 cells was studied using the techniques of light microscopy, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, autoradiography and cytogenetics. Both cell types supported rapid growth cycles of HSV resulting in the production of maximum titres after 22 - 24 hours of infection. Cultures treated with 10 µg/ml ara-C or 100 µg/ml IDU at the time of infection showed a 99% decrease in infectious virus production. HSV-infected H.Ep.2 and BHK-21 cells revealed typical virus-induced inclusion bodies and a generalized disorganization of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Syncytia formation was not observed but after 24 hours of infection, nearly 100% of the cells were rounded and often detached from the glass surface. Addition of 10 µg/ml ara-C or 100 µg/ml IDU failed to prevent virus cytopathology but did cause a characteristic cytoplasmic disruption and rounding of uninfected cells. Virus-infected cells also revealed at least four separate immuno-fluorescent elements after exposure to hyperimmune serum prepared in guinea pigs. These elements included small nuclear granules, amorphous nuclear masses, diffuse cytoplasmic antigens, and intense surface fluorescence. The nuclear antigens and cytoplasmic fluorescence appeared after treatment with ara-C or IDU but the surface fluorescence was not produced in the presence of the anti-viral agents. Herpes simplex virus developed in the nucleus of infected H.Ep.2 and BHK-21 cells. The virions were enveloped at the inner lamella of the nuclear membrane and after passing into the cytoplasm, were released from the cells by a process of reverse phagocytosis. Ara-C and IDU allowed the synthesis of certain viral antigens and the development of nuclear cytopathology but completely prevented the formation of infectious HSV particles. Both drugs caused a marked distortion of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in uninfected cells. DNA synthesis in HSV-infected cells, as measured by ³H-thymidine incorporation, was almost completely inhibited by 4 hours of infection. This early inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis was followed by an immediate increase in ³H-thymidine uptake corresponding to the synthesis of viral DNA. Both cell types showed a brief stimulation of mitosis prior to the complete inhibition observed after 20 hours of infection. Cellular and viral DNA synthesis and mitosis appeared to be inhibited in virus-infected and uninfected cells treated with ara-C or IDU. Infection with HSV resulted in severe chromosomal damage to H.Ep.2 and BHK-21 cells. Chromosomal abnormalities included chromatid gaps and breaks, enhanced secondary constrictions, fragmentation, erosion, and endoreduplication, and were dependent on virus dose and time of infection. The capacity of the virus to induce chromosomal aberrations in cultured cells was UV-inactivated approximately five times less rapidly than the infectious property. Ara-C acted synergistically with the virus to produce a large number of cells with multiple chromosome breaks and also caused a significant number of abnormalities in uninfected cells. In contrast, IDU treatment resulted in few aberrations over and above those produced by HSV and little damage in uninfected cells. It was concluded that HSV was capable of producing severe morphological and genetic alterations in cultured human and hamster cells. The antiviral agents ara-C and IDU were able to completely inhibit virus multiplication but were unable to prevent any of the virus-induced cytopathic effects in vitro. / Science, Faculty of / Microbiology and Immunology, Department of / Graduate

<p>UVOD: Blastocistis hominis (Bh) je najrasprostranjeniji protist na na&scaron;oj planeti, ali pri tome najkontraverzniji. Infekcija Bh počinje ingestijom hrane ili tečnosti koja je kontaminirana cističnom formom Bh. Nakon gutanja, iz ciste se razvijaju u debelom crevu čoveka vakuolarne forme protista. Fekalno - oralni prenos je najče&scaron;ći put &scaron;irenja infekcije. Oboljenje koje Bh izaziva kod ljudi naziva se blastocistoza. Najče&scaron;će inficirani imaju gastrointestinalne tegobe, pre svega bol u trbuhu i proliv. Blastocistoza se danas povezuje sa dva klinička entiteta koji predstavljaju poremećaj rada creva, odnosno sindromom iritabilnog creva i hroničnom inflamatornom bolesti creva (HIBC). CILJ RADA I HIPOTEZE: Predmet istraživanja je da se utvrdi povezanost prisustva infekcije Blastocistis hominisom i postojanja zapaljenja sluzokože debelog creva (kolitisa) kod dece sa gastrointestinalnim tegobama, zatim da se utvrdi udeo dece sa posebnom formom kolitisa, hroničnom inflamatornom bolesti creva, među inficiranim Blastocistis hominisom, a da bi se omogućilo bolje razumevanje blastocistoze kod dece. Osnovne hipoteze u istraživanju su statistički značajno veća učestalost pojave kolitisa i hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece uzrasta od 1 meseca do 18 godina, hospitalizovane zbog bola u trbuhu i/ili proliva koji su inficirani Blastocistis hominisom, kao i statistički značajno veća učestalost kolitisa u odnosu na hroničnu inflamatornu bolest creva u istom uzorku. MATERIJAL I METODE: Prospektivnim ispitivanjem su obuhvaćeni pedijatrijski bolesnici, hospitalizovani na Odeljenju za gastroenterologiju, hepatologiju i ishranu, Instituta za zdravstvenu za&scaron;titu dece i omladine Vojvodine, zbog bola u trbuhu i/ili proliva, iz čije stolice je dokazan Blastocistis hominis. U toku ispitivanja primenjene su standardne metode uzimanja anamneza od bolesnika, fizički pregledi, odgovarajuće standardne laboratorijske analize krvi i stolice, ultrazvučni pregled abdomena, kolonoskopija i patohistolo&scaron;ki pregled biopsija debelog creva. Svi bolesnici su lečeni metronidazolom u trajanju 10 dana, prema važećim terapijskim protokolima. REZULTATI: Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 102 bolesnika, koji su an osnovu patohistolo&scaron;kog nalaza podeljeni u tri grupe: 1. Grupa (bolesnici koji nemaju kolitis, obuhvatila je 4 bolesnika (4.4%)), 2. Grupa &ndash; (bolesnici koji imaju nespecifični kolitis, obuhvatila je 56 bolesnika (56.55%)) i 3. Grupa &ndash;(bolesnici koji imaju hroničnu inflamatornu bolest, obuhvatila je 42 bolesnika (42.41%)). Među ispitanicima je bio podjednak broj dece mu&scaron;kog i ženskog pola, odnosno 51 dečak i 51 devojčica. Uzrast ispitanika koji imaju infekciju Blastocistisom hominisom se kretao u interval od 11 meseci do 17 godina i 7 meseci. Medijana je iznosila 12.54 godine, a prosečna starost 11.25 godine. Blastocistoza nema sezonski karakter (&chi;2=0.667; df=3; p=0,881). Značajno vi&scaron;e inficiranih Blastocistis hominisom živelo u kući, nego u stanu i posedovalo domaće životinje i/ili kućne ljubimce, ali ne postojanje odgovarajućih higijenskih uslova, kanalizacije i vodovoda nije prediktivni faktor za razvoj infekcije Blastocistis hominisom, kao ni pohađanje kolektiva ili život u ruralnom sredinama. Stariji uzrast deteta (p=0,020) i život u kući (p = 0,033) su prediktivni faktori za pojavu hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece sa kolitisom. Deca sa blastocistozom su imala antropometrijske parametre u granicama normale.Ispitanici najče&scaron;će bili primljeni u bolnicu pod djagnozom gastroenterokolitisa, zbog proliva i bola u trbuhu, a da prisustvo gastrointestinalnih tegoba i prisustvo op&scaron;tih znakova infekcije nisu jedan od sigurnih kliničkih značajnih znakova infekcije Blastocistis hominisom. Prisustvo patolo&scaron;kih primesa u stolici nije jedan od sigurnih klinički značajnih znakova infekcije Blastocistis hominisom.Na osnovu laboratorijskog, kliničkog i endoskopskog skora za aktivnost HIBC većina bolesnika je imala umerenu aktivnost.Inficirani sa Bh imaju najče&scaron;će C-reaktivni protein u okvirima refentnih vrednosti, izuzev ukoliko nemaju i HIBC. Povi&scaron;ena sedimentacija eritrocita je karakteristična za bolesnike sa HIBC. Oboleli od blastocistoze imaju najčesce imunoglobulin A, leukocite, neutrofile i eozinofile u krvi u referentnim granicama.Vrednosti feremije upućuju da je većina ispitanika bila anemična, a naročito deca koja su imala i infekciju sa Bh i HIBC. Kod bolesnika sa blastocistozom, postojanje pozitivnog testa na okultnu krv u stolici, treba da pobudi sumnju na udruženu HIBC. Ispitanici sa infekcijom Bh i sa HIBC su imali najče&scaron;će kvantitativno veći broj Bh u stolici. Mezenterajalni limfadenitis i splenomegalija su nespecifični ultrazvučni nalaz kod inficiranih sa Bh, iako su bili najče&scaron;će opisane patolo&scaron;ke promene na ultrazvuku abdomena. Zaključujemo da su ispitanici najče&scaron;će imali nespecifične endoskopske promene i patohistolo&scaron;ke promene u debelom crevu. Metronidazol je bezbedan i efikasan, u dozi 15-50 mg/kg/dan, u trajanju od 10 dana, u terapiji infekcije sa Bh kod dece. ZAKLJUČAK: Deca inficirana sa Bh imaju najče&scaron;će colitis od patolo&scaron;kih promena na debelom crevu, bez značajne razlike između nespecifičnog kolitisa i HIBC. Značajno manje inficiranih sa Bh ima uredan kolonoskopski nalaz.Utvrđivanja značaja Blastocistis hominisa u nastanku kolitisa i hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece, doprinosi prihvatanju Blastocistisa hominisa kao patogena i ukazuje na nephodnost njegovog lečenja.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: Blastocystis hominis (Bh) is the most outspread protist on our planet, but also the most controversial. Infection Bh starts by digestion of the eaten food or liquid which has been contained by a cyst form Bh. After swallowing, from the cyst they grow (progress) in the colon of the human, with a vacuolar form of a protest. Oral transmission is the most common way of spreading the infection. The disease caused by Bh on humans is called blastocystisis. In most cases the infected humans have gastrointestinal complaints, the most common are abdominal pain and diarrhea. Blastocystis is nowadays connected to two clinical disease, the irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). THE AIM AND HYPOTHESESS: The subject of research is to establish the connection between the presence of the infection Bh and the existence of mucosal inflammation of the colon in children with gastrointestinal complaints, as well as to establish the group of the children with a special form of colitis, inflammatory bowel disease and the ones infected by Bh, wich would insure better understanding of the blastocystosis in children. The basic hypothesis in the study were statistically significantly higher incidence of chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease in children aged 1 month to 18 years, hospitalized for abdominal pain and/or diarrhea who are infected Bh, as well as significantly higher incidence of colitis compared in chronic inflammatory bowel disease in the same sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study included pediatric patients with abdominal pain and/or diarrhea, and stool positive on Bh, that have been hospitalized on the Department for gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition, in the Institution for Health Care of Children and Youth in Vojvodina. The standard testing methods were used: anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory analysis of blood and stool, ultrasound examination of the abdomen, colonoscopy and histopathological examination of the biopsy of the colon. All patients have been treated with metronidazole for 10 days, according to the applicable protocols. RESULTS: The study included 102 patients, which are divided into three groups : 1. group (patients that have no colitis, included 4 patients (4.4%)), 2. group (patients with unspecified colitis, included 56 patients (56.55%)) and 3. group (patients with inflammatory bowel disease, included 42 patients (42.41%)). Among them, there was an equal number of children that were male and female, 51 boys and 51 girls. Age of respondents who have Bh infection ranged from 11 months to 17 years and 7 months. The median is 12.54 years, and the average age of 11.25 years. Blastocistosis no have seasonal character (&chi;2 = 0.667, df = 3, p = 0.881). Significantly more infected Blastocistis hominid lived in the house, but in an apartment owned and domestic animals and / or pets,yet the existence of appropriate hygiene, sanitation and water supply is not a predictive factor for the development of infection Bh, as well as attending the collective or life in rural areas . The older child&#39;s age (p = 0.020) and life at home (p = 0.033) were predictive factors for development of inflammatory bowel disease in children with colitis. Children with blastocistosis had anthropometric parameters within normal limits. Respondents most frequently been admitted to hospital under diagnosis gastroenteritis due to diarrhea and abdominal pain, and that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and general signs of infection are not a significant clinical signs of infection Bh. The presence of pathological findings in stool is not one of reliable signs of clinically infection Bh. Based on laboratory findings, clinical and endoscopic activity score for IBD most patients had moderate activity of desease. Children with Bh infection usually have normal C-reactive protein in terms of value, unless if have IBD. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is characteristic of patients with IBD. Children with blastocistosis usually have normal level of Immunoglobulin A, leukocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. Serum iron indicate that most subject were anemic, especially children who have had an infection with the Bh and IBD.Children with blastocistosis, the existence of a positive test for occult blood in the stool, should arouse suspicion of association IBD. Subject with IBD had mostly quantitatively greater number of Bh in the stool. Mesenterial lymphadenitis and splenomegaly are non-specific ultrasound findings in infected with Bh, although they were usually described pathological changes in abdominal ultrasound. This is to conclude that the subject usually had colitis and IBD changes in endoscopic and histopathological changes in the colon. Metronidazole has beem proved safe and effective, at 15-50 mg/ kg/day for 10 days in the treatment of infections in children with Bh. CONCLUSION: Children infected with Bh colitis usually have pathological changes in the large intestine, with no significant difference between the non-specific colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Significantly less infected with Bh has a normal colonoscopy findings. Confirmed the importance of Bh in the development of chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease in children, increase public acceptance Blastocistisa hominis as pathogens and points to the necessity of treatment.</p>

A endometriose é uma doença caracterizada pela presença de endométrio fora do útero. O estudo objetivou detectar Mollicutes (M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. urealyticum e U. parvum), HPV e N. gonorrhoeae em amostras de swab endocervical, fluido peritoneal e tecido de biópsia de mulheres com (grupo caso) e sem endometriose (grupo controle) e avaliar os achados com a endometriose. No swab endocervical, prevalências de M. hominis (Mh), M. genitalium (Mg), U. urealyticum (Uu) e HPV foram maiores no grupo caso (43,7%, 14,1%, 8,5% e 5,9% respectivamente) que no grupo controle. No fluido peritoneal também foi maior no grupo caso (Mh: 27,8%; Mg: 40,7%; Uu: 3,7% e HPV: 9,6%) do que o grupo controle. No tecido de biópsia, Mh (5,9%) e Mg (13,2%) foram maiores no grupo caso. M. genitalium no fluido peritoneal foi associado à maior produção de IFN-&#947; e IL-1&#946; (p < 0,05). O perfil de downregulation de genes da inflamação foi acentuado na presença de M. genitalium. Upregulation ocorreu na presença de M. hominis. Mollicutes podem influenciar na resposta imune na endometriose. / Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the presence of endometrium outside of uterus. This study aimed to detect Mollicutes (M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum), HPV and N. gonorrhoeae in samples of endocervical swab, peritoneal fluid and biopsied tissue from women with (case group) and without endometriosis (control group) and evaluate the finds with endometriosis. In swab samples the prevalence of M. hominis (Mh), M. genitalium (Mg), U. urealyticum (Uu) and HPV were higher in case group (43.7%, 14.1%, 8.5% e 5.9% respectively) than the control group. In the peritoneal fluid it was higher in the case group as well (Mh: 27.8%; Mg: 40.7%; Uu: 3.7% e HPV: 9.6%).In the biopsied tissue, Mh (5.9%) and Mg (13.2%) were higher in the case group. M. genitalium in the peritoneal fluid was associated to a higher production of IFN-&#947; and IL-1&#946;. Downregulation of inflammatory genes were accentuated when M. genitalium was detected. Upregulation occurred when M. hominis was detected. Mollicutes could influence in the immune response on endometriosis.

A endometriose é uma doença caracterizada pela presença de endométrio fora do útero. O estudo objetivou detectar Mollicutes (M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. urealyticum e U. parvum), HPV e N. gonorrhoeae em amostras de swab endocervical, fluido peritoneal e tecido de biópsia de mulheres com (grupo caso) e sem endometriose (grupo controle) e avaliar os achados com a endometriose. No swab endocervical, prevalências de M. hominis (Mh), M. genitalium (Mg), U. urealyticum (Uu) e HPV foram maiores no grupo caso (43,7%, 14,1%, 8,5% e 5,9% respectivamente) que no grupo controle. No fluido peritoneal também foi maior no grupo caso (Mh: 27,8%; Mg: 40,7%; Uu: 3,7% e HPV: 9,6%) do que o grupo controle. No tecido de biópsia, Mh (5,9%) e Mg (13,2%) foram maiores no grupo caso. M. genitalium no fluido peritoneal foi associado à maior produção de IFN-&#947; e IL-1&#946; (p < 0,05). O perfil de downregulation de genes da inflamação foi acentuado na presença de M. genitalium. Upregulation ocorreu na presença de M. hominis. Mollicutes podem influenciar na resposta imune na endometriose. / Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the presence of endometrium outside of uterus. This study aimed to detect Mollicutes (M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum), HPV and N. gonorrhoeae in samples of endocervical swab, peritoneal fluid and biopsied tissue from women with (case group) and without endometriosis (control group) and evaluate the finds with endometriosis. In swab samples the prevalence of M. hominis (Mh), M. genitalium (Mg), U. urealyticum (Uu) and HPV were higher in case group (43.7%, 14.1%, 8.5% e 5.9% respectively) than the control group. In the peritoneal fluid it was higher in the case group as well (Mh: 27.8%; Mg: 40.7%; Uu: 3.7% e HPV: 9.6%).In the biopsied tissue, Mh (5.9%) and Mg (13.2%) were higher in the case group. M. genitalium in the peritoneal fluid was associated to a higher production of IFN-&#947; and IL-1&#946;. Downregulation of inflammatory genes were accentuated when M. genitalium was detected. Upregulation occurred when M. hominis was detected. Mollicutes could influence in the immune response on endometriosis.

Las enteroparasitosis intestinales constituyen un problema de salud pública en Perú, debido a que estos parásitos pueden ingresar al organismo por vía oral y hábitos higiénico-sanitarios deficientes que facilitan su transmisión y conservación. Cuando la carga de dichos parásitos es considerablemente alta o se acompaña de alteraciones en la inmunidad del hospedero, se pueden producir complicaciones que comprometen seriamente la salud del paciente. Sabemos que el control farmacológico de las parasitosis es efectivo y seguro. No obstante, sin autocuidado y mantenimiento sostenible de buenas condiciones higiénico-sanitarias, no es posible su erradicación. Considerando lo mencionado anteriormente, desarrollaré la presente investigación en una población escolar de la Institución Educativa N° 6041 “Alfonso Ugarte” del distrito San Juan de Miraflores para determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales. Se eligió una muestra representativa conformada de 116 niños de 8 a 13 años. Las muestras fecales obtenidas fueron analizadas utilizando: examen macroscópico, método directo, método de Parodi Alcaraz y test de Graham. El 85.3% de los alumnos examinados resultaron parasitados. La incidencia parasitaria fue mayor en mujeres (86.8%) comparado a los hombres (83.6%). La frecuencia parasitaria de acuerdo al Monoparasitismo de los grupos taxonómicos fueron 35.3% del Phylum Amoebozoa, 3.4% del Phylum Metamonada, 3.4% del Phylum Platyhelminthes, 0.9% del Phylum Bigyra y 0.9% del Phylum Nematoda, con las especies Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Blastocystis hominis y Enterobius vermicularis, respectivamente. La mayor frecuencia correspondiente al Biparasitismo fue la asociación de los Phyla Metamonada y Amoebozoa con 32.8%. La mayor frecuencia correspondiente al Triparasitismo fue la asociación de los Phyla Metamonada, Amoebozoa y Platyhelminthes con 1.7%. The intestinal enteroparasites constitute a public health problem in Peru, due to these parasites can enter the body by mouth and hygienic habits-poor health that facilitate its transmission and conservation. When the burden of such parasites is considerably high or is accompanied by alterations in the immunity of the host, it can produce complications which seriously compromise the health of the patient. We know that the pharmacological control of the parasitosis is effective and safe. However, self-care and sustainable maintenance of good hygienic and sanitary conditions, it is not possible to its eradication. Considering the above, I will develop this research in a school population of the Educational Institution N° 6041 "Alfonso Ugarte" of the district San Juan de Miraflores to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitism. I chosen a representative sample consisted of 116 children 8 to 13 years old. Stool samples obtained were analyzed using: macroscopic examination, direct method, Parodi Alcaraz’s method and Graham’s test. The 85.3% of the students examined were parasitized. The parasitic incidence was higher in women (86.8%) compared to men (83.6%). The frequency of parasites according the Monoparasitism of taxonomic group was 35.3% of the Phylum Amoebozoa, 3.4% of the Phylum Metamonada, 3.4% of the Phylum Platyhelminthes, 0.9% of the Phylum Bigyra and 0.9% of the Phylum Nematoda, with the species Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Blastocystis hominis and Enterobius vermicularis, respectively. The highest frequency corresponding the Biparasitism was the association of the Phyla Metamonada and Amoebozoa with 32.8%. The highest frequency corresponding the Triparasitismo was the association of the Phyla Metamonada, Amoebozoa and Platyhelminthes with 1.7%.