nÃo hà / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar, a partir das contribuiÃÃes teÃricas de Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben, a produÃÃo do inumano atravÃs dos processos educacionais. Portanto, parte-se de dois polos teÃricos diferentes e atà distintos: o anormal, pensado pelas anÃlises foucaultianas, e o Homo Sacer, analisado pelas contribuiÃÃes agambenianas. Neste enfoque, o fracasso escolar daria lugar a uma concepÃÃo de escola como uma grande maquinaria normalizadora e seletiva da produÃÃo de subjetividades e dessubjetividades. A escola seria uma das instituiÃÃes e a principal delas que, por meio de dispositivos bio-disciplinares e de controle, e dispositivos de exceÃÃo, operacionalizaria e agenciaria os sujeitos atravÃs da qualidade, eficÃcia e produtividade dos capitais humanos. Ou seja, a escola contemporÃnea à uma mÃquina biopolÃtica de exceÃÃo, responsÃvel por produzir, classificar, separar, dividir e aperfeiÃoar os âbonsâ capitais humanos ou expurgar e eliminar dos processos escolares e dos processos de concorrÃncia capitalistas os âmausâ capitais humanos considerados lixos e descartÃveis. E, neste contexto, diante das crises do capitalismo contemporÃneo, percebe-se como os empreendedores de si fracassados, biodegradÃveis, tornam-se os anormais contemporÃneos que irÃo se transmutar em Homo Sacer ciganos, oâprecariadoâ, constantemente ameaÃados pela exceÃÃo como regra geral. Os empreendedores de si sÃo uma cesura biopolÃtica ameaÃada constantemente pelo bando soberano e seu estado de exceÃÃo polÃtico-econÃmico, que à um regime de guerra declarado dentro das sociedades contemporÃneas. Os empreendedores de si fracassados sÃo o empresariado da misÃria, pessoas que vivem sempre sob o espectro fantasmagÃrico do Homo Sacer cigano. Assim, a exclusÃo e a precarizaÃÃo dos indivÃduos e dos trabalhadores transmutam-se em processos de eliminaÃÃo e extermÃnio comandados por polÃticas de Estado de ExceÃÃo. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar, a partir das contribuiÃÃes teÃricas de Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben, a produÃÃo do inumano atravÃs dos processos educacionais. Portanto, parte-se de dois polos teÃricos diferentes e atà distintos: o anormal, pensado pelas anÃlises foucaultianas, e o Homo Sacer, analisado pelas contribuiÃÃes agambenianas. Neste enfoque, o fracasso escolar daria lugar a uma concepÃÃo de escola como uma grande maquinaria normalizadora e seletiva da produÃÃo de subjetividades e dessubjetividades. A escola seria uma das instituiÃÃes e a principal delas que, por meio de dispositivos bio-disciplinares e de controle, e dispositivos de exceÃÃo, operacionalizaria e agenciaria os sujeitos atravÃs da qualidade, eficÃcia e produtividade dos capitais humanos. Ou seja, a escola contemporÃnea à uma mÃquina biopolÃtica de exceÃÃo, responsÃvel por produzir, classificar, separar, dividir e aperfeiÃoar os âbonsâ capitais humanos ou expurgar e eliminar dos processos escolares e dos processos de concorrÃncia capitalistas os âmausâ capitais humanos considerados lixos e descartÃveis. E, neste contexto, diante das crises do capitalismo contemporÃneo, percebe-se como os empreendedores de si fracassados, biodegradÃveis, tornam-se os anormais contemporÃneos que irÃo se transmutar em Homo Sacer ciganos, oâprecariadoâ, constantemente ameaÃados pela exceÃÃo como regra geral. Os empreendedores de si sÃo uma cesura biopolÃtica ameaÃada constantemente pelo bando soberano e seu estado de exceÃÃo polÃtico-econÃmico, que à um regime de guerra declarado dentro das sociedades contemporÃneas. Os empreendedores de si fracassados sÃo o empresariado da misÃria, pessoas que vivem sempre sob o espectro fantasmagÃrico do Homo Sacer cigano. Assim, a exclusÃo e a precarizaÃÃo dos indivÃduos e dos trabalhadores transmutam-se em processos de eliminaÃÃo e extermÃnio comandados por polÃticas de Estado de ExceÃÃo. / The present work aims to discuss, from theoretical contributions of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, the production of inhuman by the educational processes. Therefore, the search will start from two different theore tical and even distinct poles: the abnormal, thought by foucaultians analysis, and the Homo Sacer, analyzed by the agambenians contributions. In this approach, the school failure would give way to a conception of school as a big regulatory and selective machinery of production of subjectivities and desubjectivities. The school would be one of the institutions and the main one that, through bio-disciplinaries and control devices, and exception devices, would operate and manage the subject through the quality, effectiveness and productivity of human capital. In other words, the school is a contemporary biopolitical machine, responsible for produce, classify, separate, divide and improve "good" human capital or expunge and eliminate from th e school processes and capitalist competition processes the "bad" capital humans considered trash and disposable. And, in this context, on the crises of the current capitalism, we notice how the failed and biodegradable self-entrepreneurs become th e current abnormals who will transmute into gypsies Homo Sacer, the "precariat", constantly threatened by exception as a general rule. Self-entrepreneurs are a biopolitical caesura constantly threatened by the sovereign flock and its state of political-economic exception, which is a declared war regime within contemporary societies. Th e failed self-entrepreneurs are the entrepreneurs of misery, people who always live under the phantom ghost of gypsy Homo Sacer. Thus, exclusion and precariousness of ind ividuals and workers transmutam in processes of elimination and exterminationpolicy of controlled state of exception. / The present work aims to discuss, from theoretical contributions of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, the production of inhuman by the educational processes. Therefore, the search will start from two different theore tical and even distinct poles: the abnormal, thought by foucaultians analysis, and the Homo Sacer, analyzed by the agambenians contributions. In this approach, the school failure would give way to a conception of school as a big regulatory and selective machinery of production of subjectivities and desubjectivities. The school would be one of the institutions and the main one that, through bio-disciplinaries and control devices, and exception devices, would operate and manage the subject through the quality, effectiveness and productivity of human capital. In other words, the school is a contemporary biopolitical machine, responsible for produce, classify, separate, divide and improve "good" human capital or expunge and eliminate from th e school processes and capitalist competition processes the "bad" capital humans considered trash and disposable. And, in this context, on the crises of the current capitalism, we notice how the failed and biodegradable self-entrepreneurs become the current abnormals who will transmute into gypsies Homo Sacer, the "precariat", constantly threatened by exception as a general rule. Self-entrepreneurs are a biopolitical caesura constantly threatened by the sovereign flock and its state of political-economic exception, which is a declared war regime within contemporary societies. Th e failed self-entrepreneurs are the entrepreneurs of misery, people who always live under the phantom ghost of gypsy Homo Sacer. Thus, exclusion and precariousness of ind ividuals and workers transmutam in processes of elimination and exterminationpolicy of controlled state of exception.

Septinas compreendem uma conservada família de proteínas de ligação a nucleotídeo de guanina e formação de heterofilamentos. Em termos estruturais, elas possuem uma organização comum: um domínio GTPase central, uma região N-terminal e um domínio C-terminal, este último é predito para formar estruturas em coiled coil. Atualmente, o heterocomplexo de septinas humanas (SEPT2/SEPT6/SEPT7) mais bem caracterizado revela a importância do domínio GTPase na formação do filamento, todavia a ausência de densidade eletrônica para os domínios C-terminais faz com que sua função permaneça obscura. Estudos com septinas de mamíferos, e de outros organismos como C. elegans e S. cerevisea sugerem que alguns grupos de septinas (por exemplo, II e IV em mamíferos) interagem através de seus domínios C-terminais, e estes poderiam atuar de modo determinante para a montagem correta do filamento. Assim, o presente projeto objetivou estudar a afinidade homo/heterotípicas para os domínios C-terminais das septinas humanas dos grupos II (SEPT6C/8C/10C/11C) e IV (SEPT7C), investigando se esses domínios contribuem para preferência das septinas interagirem com proteínas de grupos distintos durante a formação do heterofilamento. Os domínios C-terminais foram expressos em E. coli e purificados. Foram conduzidos estudos de ultracentrifugação analítica e espectropolarimetria de dicroísmo circular, que permitiram identificar maior afinidade e estabilidade da associação heterotípica comparada à homotípica. Foram obtidas constantes de dissociação aparente para homodímeros em torno de baixo µM, enquanto que para heterodímeros os dados já existentes no grupo revelaram constante de dissociação na ordem de nM. Para entender os fatores no nível atômico responsáveis pela significativa predileção na interação entre os domínios C-terminais dos grupos II e IV foram realizados estudos utilizando modelagem e análise das sequências primárias. As análises sugerem a presença de um alto número de resíduos carregados na posição a do coiled coil como responsável pela seletividade. Consequentemente, o heterodímero seria favorecido em virtude do menor efeito repulsivo proveniente do intercalamento dos resíduos carregados em a. Desse modo, os resultados indicaram a atuação decisiva ou cooperativa dos domínios C-terminais na organização preferencial das septinas durante a formação do filamento, favorecendo a interface NC entre septinas dos grupos II e IV. / Septins comprise a conserved protein family that binds guanidine nucleotide and forms heterofilaments. In structural terms they have a common organization: a central GTPase domain, a N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain, this last one is predicted to form coiled coil structures. Currently, the human septin heterocomplex best characterized (SEPT2/SEPT6/SEPT7) reveals the importance of the GTPase domain in filament assembly, however the absence of electron density for the C-terminal domains makes its function still unknown. Studies with mammals septins, and of others organisms like C. elegans and S. cerevisea suggests that some septins groups (e.g. II e IV in mammals) interact via its C-terminal domains and this could act in a determinative way to correct filament assembly. In this way, this project aimed to study the homo/heterotypical affinity for the C-terminal domains of human septins belonging to groups II (SEPT6C/8C/10C/11C) e IV (SEPT7C), investigating whether this domain contributes with the preference of septins to interact with proteins of different groups during assembly of the heterofilament. The C-terminal domains were expressed in E. coli and purificated. It was carried out studies using analytical ultracentrifugation and circular dichroism spectropolarimetry tecniques which allowed identification of major affinity and stability in the heterotypical association compared to homotypical. It was measured apparent dissociation constants for homodimers of low µM range while for heterodimers our group\'s data shows dissociation constants in the nM range. To understand at atomic level the factors responsible for this significant preference in the C-terminal domains interaction between groups II and IV was performed molecular modelling studies and analysis of the primary sequence. These analysis suggests the presence of a high number of charged residues in position a of the coiled coil as responsible for selectivity. Consequently, the heterodimer would be therefore favoured because of the minor repulsive effect coming from the staggered of charged residues in a. Thus, these results indicate the crucial or cooperative action of C-terminal domains in preferential organization of septins during filament assembly, favouring the NC interface between septins of groups II and IV.

Dans ce travail, nous avons exploré certains courants qui font du choro une pratique musicale collective vivante et en expansion dans différentes villes du monde. Nous nous intéressons à la continuité des rencontres entre chorões qui, depuis les dernières décennies du XIXe siècle, cultivent cette pratique musicale en groupe, à la fois ludique, créative et collaborative, dont le processus continu d’enseignement & apprentissage se déroule pendant la réalisation même dujeu. Nous observons des chemins parcourus par ces musiciens qui expérimentent la puissance créatrice et libératrice de l’art en pleine époque de la reproductibilité technique au cœur de sociétés spectaclistes. À titre d’exemple, nous avons transcrit quatre morceaux qui représentent le corpus enregistré par le musicien Pixinguinha et les Batutas, dans lesquellesnous pouvons vérifier clairement certains des codes de jeu traditionnels encore vivants dans la musique de chorões contemporains : un jeu de ritournelles, car c’est un jeu libre et transformant. Nous avons vu que sa qualité et sa durée n’existent que dans l’action réelle de personnes, dans le récit et l’improvisation, dans le bien-être hédoniste, dans la création qui se renouvelle une génération après l’autre, toujours vivante dans la puissance de la roda musicale collaborative et amicale. / The goal of the research work hearby presented was to explore the choro as an ensemble musical practice established all over the world, gathering chorões since the last decades of the nineteenth century, emphasizing the interaction and collaborative ambience in a continuous teaching & learning process, caracteristic of its tradition. In contrast with nowadays’tendencies, which establish almost mechanical reproductions, individual paths and experiences were examined, accessing musicians’ artistic, creative and liberating power. In order to illustrate these features, music recorded by Pixinguinha and the Batutas was transcribed, where some of the traditional performance codes can be verified, which are still cultivated by living chorões, particularly the use of ritornelli as a free and life-changing way of playing. Quality and timing of execution have proven to be actually possible only in realtime performance where people engage in a stream of narration, improvisation and overall hedonist pleasure, fruit of this creative activity which has been passed on by generations, dueto the invaluable collaborative and friendly musical interaction it promotes.

La grotte de Tabon (Palawan, Philippines) est un site préhistorique majeur en Asie du Sud-Est. Elle a livré des fossiles d’Homo sapiens datant du Pléistocène supérieur, rares dans la région. Pourtant, son histoire demeure mal connue : d’importantes altérations physiques et chimiques compliquent la lecture de sa stratigraphie, tandis que des objets archéologiques sans contexte clair entravent l’élaboration d’une chronologie fiable. Cette étude jette un nouveau regard sur la grotte de Tabon à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire des sciences de la Terre. Elle explore notamment l’environnement et le climat des premiers hommes anatomiquement modernes dans la région. Les résultats mettent en lumière une période clef entre 40 et 33 ka BP, caractérisée par des climats plus secs, des paysages plus ouverts et une empreinte humaine marquée dans la grotte. Cette période a également été ponctuée par un court épisode d’humidité qui a laissé un spéléothème gypsifère étendu en guise de témoin. Dans l’avenir, de nouvelles approches, prenant en compte les contraintes particulières du site, pourraient permettre de souligner davantage la valeur scientifique et patrimoniale unique de la grotte de Tabon, une fenêtre sur les premiers périples de notre espèce à travers les archipels d’Asie du Sud-Est. / Tabon Cave (Palawan, Philippines) is a key prehistoric site in Southeast Asia, one of the few to have yielded Homo sapiens fossils from the Late Pleistocene. Its history remains poorly understood: heavy physical and chemical alterations have greatly complicated its stratigraphy, and contextually isolated archaeological finds hamper the construction of a clear chronology. This study reexamines Tabon Cave using a multi-pronged geosciences approach to explore environment, climate, and early modern human presence in the region. The results reveal a major period in the cave’s history between 40 and 33 ka BP, when drier climates, more open landscapes, and active human use of the cave were briefly spaced by a wet episode that left an extensive, gypsiferous speleothem. Future innovative research approaches spurred by the unique constraints of the site will undoubtedly further highlight the unique scientific and heritage value of Tabon Cave, a window into the earliest odysseys of our species across the archipelagos of Southeast Asia.

Au cours de la gastrulation de l’embryon de Drosophile, l’activation apicale du cytosquelette d’acto-myosine orchestre la constriction apicale dans le mésoderme en invagination ainsi que l’intercalation cellulaire dans l’ectoderme en extension. Un contrôle quantitatif de l’activité des GPCRs et, par conséquent, de l’activation de Rho1 est à l’origine des différences de déformation des cellules du mésoderme et de l’ectoderme mais ces mécanismes demeurent incompris. L’activité du GPCR Smog se concentre respectivement en deux compartiments distincts à la surface de la membrane plasmique (PM) et dans ses invaginations (PMI). Au moyen de la FCS, nous avons étudié la surface de la PM et pu montrer que Smog oligomérise en homo-clusters en réponse à son activation par le ligand Fog. L’endocytose de Smog est facilitée par la kinase Gprk2 et sa protéine adaptatrice la β-Arrestine-2 qui retire Smog actif de la PM. Lorsque que la concentration de Fog est élevée ou que l’endocytose est réduite, Smog s’organise en homo-clusters et s’accumule au niveau des PMI qui agissent comme des centres d’activation de Rho1. Une concentration plus importante d’homo-clusters de Smog et un nombre plus important PMI dans le mésoderme par comparaison avec l’ectoderme. Répartition dynamique de Smog actif à la surface de la PM ou dans ses invaginations impacte directement sur la signalisation Rho1. Les PMI accumulent de hauts niveaux de Rho1-GTP suggérant qu’elles forment des centres de signalisation. La concentration de Fog et l’endocytose de Smog sont des processus régulateurs couplés qui contrôlent la différence quantitative d’activation de Rho1 dans le mésoderme et l’ectoderme de la Drosophile. / During Drosophila gastrulation, apical activation of the actomyosin networks drives apical constriction in the invaginating mesoderm and cell-cell intercalation in the extending ectoderm. Here, we show that cell-surface G-protein coupled receptor, Smog activates G-proteins, Rho1 and Rho-kinase that is required for apical constriction and cell-cell intercalation. Quantitative control over GPCR activity and thereby Rho1 activation underlies differences in deformation of the mesoderm and ectoderm cells but the mechanisms remain elusive. We show that GPCR-Smog activity is concentrated on two different apical plasma membrane compartments i.e. the surface and the plasma membrane invaginations. Using FCS, we probe the surface of the plasma membrane (PM) and show that Smog homo-clusters in response to its activating ligand Fog. Endocytosis of Smog is facilitated by the kinase Gprk2 and the adaptor protein β-Arrestin-2 that clears active Smog from the surface of PM. When Fog concentration is high or endocytosis is low, Smog arranges in homo-clusters and accumulates in plasma membrane invaginations (PMI), that are hubs for Rho1 activation. Lastly, we find high Smog homo-cluster concentrations and numerous apical PMIs in the mesoderm compared to the ectoderm. We identify that dynamic partitioning of active Smog on the surface of the PM or PMI directly impact on Rho1 signaling. PMIs accumulate high Rho1-GTP suggesting they form signaling centers. Fog concentration and Smog endocytosis form coupled regulatory processes that regulate quantitative differential Rho1/MyoII activation in the Drosophila mesoderm and ectoderm.

<p>U&nbsp; ovom&nbsp; radu&nbsp; ostvarene&nbsp; su&nbsp; sinteze C19-derivatizovanih&nbsp; steroidnih&nbsp; D-homo laktona.&nbsp; Takođe,&nbsp; sintetisani&nbsp; su&nbsp; i&nbsp; 5,6-halogeni derivati,&nbsp; 5,6-supstituisani&nbsp; kiseonični&nbsp; derivati,<br />kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; 6,19-epoksi&nbsp; steroidi.&nbsp; Za&nbsp; sva&nbsp; sintetisana jedinjenja&nbsp; je&nbsp; utvrđen&nbsp; antitumorski&nbsp; potencijal ispitivanjem&nbsp; njihove&nbsp; oralne&nbsp; bioraspoloživosti, antiproliferativne&nbsp; aktivnosti&nbsp; na&nbsp; &scaron;est&nbsp; ćelijskih linija&nbsp; kancera,&nbsp; vezivanja&nbsp; za&nbsp; odabrane&nbsp; steroidne receptore&nbsp; i&nbsp; inhibitorne&nbsp; aktivnosti&nbsp; na&nbsp; enzim AKR1C3.</p> / <p>In&nbsp; this&nbsp; paper,&nbsp; a&nbsp; synthesis&nbsp; of&nbsp; C19-derivatized steroidal D-homo lactones has been conducted. 5,6-Halogen derivatives, 5,6-substituted oxygen derivatives&nbsp; and&nbsp; 6,19-epoxy&nbsp; steroids&nbsp; were&nbsp; also synthesized.&nbsp; Antitumor&nbsp; potential&nbsp; was determined&nbsp; for&nbsp; all&nbsp; synthesized&nbsp; compounds&nbsp; by examining&nbsp; their&nbsp; oral&nbsp; bioavailability, antiproliferative activity on six cancer cell lines, binding&nbsp; to&nbsp; selected&nbsp; steroid&nbsp; receptors&nbsp; and inhibitor activity on the AKR1C3 enzyme.</p>

No description available.

Dans les années 1970, la théorie des présapiens (considérant la présence en Europe d'ancêtres de l'homme moderne) a été abandonnée faute de preuves paléontologiques. L'interprétation du registre fossile comme représentant une lignée dans laquelle les caractères des Néandertaliens se mettent en place progressivement est alors devenue consensuelle. L'accumulation des restes humains découverts en Espagne sur les sites de la Gran Dolina et de la Sima de los Huesos, dont les plus anciens sont datés de plus de 780 000 ans, devait relancer le débat concernant la taxinomie de ces premiers européens et leurs relations phylétiques. L'espèce Homo antecessor Bermudez de Castro et al. 1997 est créée pour qualifier les hominidés du premier gisement dont la morphologie faciale, semblable à celle de l'homme actuel est associée à des caractères dentaires primitifs. De plus, le nom Homo heidelbergensis Shoetensack 1908, inventé à l'occasion de la découverte de la mandibule de Mauer (Allemagne), est réutilisé. Bien que son acceptation soit multiple, il désigne généralement les prédécesseurs des Néandertaliens en Europe. <br />La majorité des hominidés fossiles d'Europe mais aussi d'Afrique et d'Asie documentant le dernier million d'années d'évolution humaine, dont certains ont été mis au jour récemment tel ATD6 69 (Gran Dolina, Espagne) et Yunxian II (Hubei, Chine), a été considérée dans cette recherche. Ce dernier spécimen, datant du début du Pléistocène moyen, est particulièrement complet mais très déformé. C'est pourquoi, nous avons argumenté une proposition de reconstitution crânienne qui a été mise en forme virtuellement et produit un prototype. <br />Nous nous sommes concentrés sur les parties supérieure et moyenne de la face de ces hominidés. Pour la première fois, l'intégralité de la cavité orbitaire a été appréhendée tandis que la région zygomatico-maxillaire, particulièrement mise à profit dans une perspective taxinomique, a fait l'objet d'un nouvel examen. Dans le but de conserver l'ensemble des données de ce système osseux, nous avons utilisé de manière complémentaire la morphométrie traditionnelle et la morphométrie géométrique tridimensionnelle. Celle-ci, basée sur des superpositions Procruste et des analyses en composantes principales, permet le traitement global de l'information après une étape d'extraction du paramètre de la taille des individus de l'échantillon qui devient alors une variable indépendante. Dans le cas des fossiles de Yunxian, l'acquisition tomographique a permis, en visualisant l'intérieur des crânes, de préciser l'histoire de leur déformation et de générer une reconstitution de Yunxian II. Ce nouveau support d'étude, plus complet et plus précis, ainsi que la méthodologie mise en oeuvre, ont apporté une contribution certaine aux questions des premiers peuplements de l'Eurasie.<br />Nos résultats mettent en évidence que les hominidés fossiles considérés présentent deux types de face qui les distinguent à l'échelle spécifique. C'est le développement relatif des os maxillaire et zygomatique et leurs relations topographiques qui diffèrent entre, d'une part, les spécimens de Gran Dolina, Arago 21 et les Néandertaliens du Pléistocène supérieur et, d'autre part, Yunxian II reconstitué, Bodo, Kabwe 1, Atapuerca 405 et Pétralona. Chez ces derniers, une tendance à la conformation faciale de type homme actuel est notable tandis que chez les premiers, l'ensemble du complexe zygomatico-maxillaire est en extension. Nous avons argumenté que l'utilisation des termes Homo heidelbergensis et Homo rhodesiensis est la plus appropriée pour les qualifier respectivement, sachant que le premier induit l'idée d'une ancestralité vis-à-vis des Néandertaliens et le second vis-à-vis de l'homme moderne. Il faut donc envisager, sur la base des données morphométriques de la face, qu'il n'y ait pas en Europe uniquement des hominidés engagés dans le processus de la néandertalisation et que les fossiles tant africains qu'asiatiques et européens aient contribué à l'émergence de l'homme moderne.

<p>Det övergripande syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka vilka kunskaper ungdomsmottagningskuratorer upplever sig ha om bemötande och stöd till homo- och bisexuella ungdomar. Frågeställningarna berörde kuratorernas HB-kunskaper, hur ungdomsmottagningen var anpassad så att homo- och bisexuella ungdomar skulle känna sig välkomna, hur många kuratorer som genomgått en HB-utbildning, vad de hade för attityder till en sådan och om det fanns skillnader mellan kuratorer som gått respektive inte gått en HB-utbildning. Tidigare forskning visar att homo- och bisexuella ungdomar har specifika behov och problem och att kunskapsbrist hos professionella kan leda till att homo- och bisexuella känner sig kränkta. En kvantitativ enkätstudie genomfördes med samtliga av Stockholm läns ungdomsmottagningskuratorer. Analysen gjordes utifrån socialkonstruktivistiska teorier om heteronormativitet. Slutsatser som kunde dras utifrån studien var att mottagningarna i hög grad hade anpassats så att homo- och bisexuella ungdomar skulle känna sig välkomna. De flesta av kuratorerna skattade sin HB-kunskap som god och många tyckte att HB-utbildning var viktigt och att de hade nytta av en sådan. Två tredjedelar av kuratorerna hade gått en HB-utbildning och den gjorde att många av kuratorerna ändrat sitt arbetssätt i något avseende. Kuratorerna fick även en högre medvetenhet om heteronormativiteten och dess verkningar. De mottagningar vars kurator gått en HB-utbildning hade högre HB-kompetens än de som inte gått utbildningen. Skillnaderna var däremot inte särskilt stora.</p>

There is variation in Neandertal permanent dentition in both the size and shape of first molars. Ecogeography as well as chronology would be expected to account for at least some of the variation observed. Occlusal outlines of maxillary and mandibular first molar casts from European Neandertals, (Spy 1, Scladina 4A-4, Engis 2, l’Hortus 2, 4, 5, and 8, La Quina H5, Malarnaud 1) were generated through photostereomicroscopy and non-landmark smooth tracing methods, and occlusal areas, buccolingual breadths and mesiolingual lengths were measured by calibrated Motic 3.0MP microscope cameras. Principal component (PC) scores of elliptical Fourier harmonic descriptors were calculated using SHAPE v1.3, yielding a total of 76 and 67 PC scores for mandibular and maxillary data respectively. Of the maxillary outlines analyzed, a strong correlation exists between PC1 (58.4% of variance) and occlusal area, explaining size influence. On PC1, the smallest (Engis 2), is followed by Scladina 4A-A, Hortus 8, La Quina 5 and Spy 1. On PC2 (23% of variance), Scladina 4A-A is an outlier. On PC3 (12.6%), Hortus 8 is separated from the others whereas Scladina 4A-A is difficult to classify. PC4 accounts for 5.8% of the variance and separates Spy 1 from La Quina 5. Spy 1 appears as distinct on PC1, PC3, and PC4 while Scladina 4A-A is relatively distinct on all axes. In a cluster analysis of PC scores Spy 1 and La Quina 5 are linked by the shortest distance and joined secondarily to Hortus 8, whereas Scladina 4A-A and Engis 2 are relatively distinct from the others. Mandibular results indicate that Malarnaud is distinct on PC1 (40% of variance) and again on PC2 (27%), while La Quina 5 appears as slightly distinct on PC3 (14%), though grouped with Engis 2, while Hortus 2 and 4 group together this axis as well as PC1. PC4 (12%) again separates Malarnaud, and presents Hortus 5 as an outlier. Overall, chronology correlates better than geography to the variance observed in occlusal first molar shape in these European Neandertals, with some inconsistencies most likely due to individual biological variability. This study demonstrates a new method to compute the elliptical Fourier descriptors of molar occlusal outlines, and applies these to explain variation in these Neandertals with respect to ecogeographic and chronological situation.