No description available.

Background: Impaired homocysteine metabolism is associated with a number of vasculopathies including extracranial aneurysms. We analyzed the possible association of nine genetic variants of homocysteine metabolism with the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: Caucasian patients (n = 255) treated at two German hospitals for intracranial aneurysms and local controls (n = 348) were genotyped for the following polymorphisms: methionine synthase (MTR) c.2756A→G, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c.677C→T, MTHFR c.1298A→C, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) c.844_855ins68, CBS c.833T→C, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) c.594 + 59del19bp, glutathione S-transferase Ω-1 (GSTO1) c.428C→A, reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) c.80G→A and transcobalamin 2 (Tc2) c.776C→G. Results: The G-allele of the missense polymorphism Tc2 c.777C→G was found to be underrepresented in patients, suggesting that this variant may protect from the formation of cerebral aneurysms [odds ratio per two risk alleles (OR) 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.77; p = 0.002]. We obtained borderline results for the G-allele of RFC1 c.80G→A (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.01–2.65; p = 0.051) and the insertion allele of DHFR c.594 + 59del19bp (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.00–2.60; p = 0.059), which were found to be overrepresented in patients. Conclusion: Polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism are possible risk factors for the formation of intracranial aneurysms. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

No description available.

Background: Impaired homocysteine metabolism is associated with a number of vasculopathies including extracranial aneurysms. We analyzed the possible association of nine genetic variants of homocysteine metabolism with the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: Caucasian patients (n = 255) treated at two German hospitals for intracranial aneurysms and local controls (n = 348) were genotyped for the following polymorphisms: methionine synthase (MTR) c.2756A→G, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c.677C→T, MTHFR c.1298A→C, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) c.844_855ins68, CBS c.833T→C, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) c.594 + 59del19bp, glutathione S-transferase Ω-1 (GSTO1) c.428C→A, reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) c.80G→A and transcobalamin 2 (Tc2) c.776C→G. Results: The G-allele of the missense polymorphism Tc2 c.777C→G was found to be underrepresented in patients, suggesting that this variant may protect from the formation of cerebral aneurysms [odds ratio per two risk alleles (OR) 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.77; p = 0.002]. We obtained borderline results for the G-allele of RFC1 c.80G→A (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.01–2.65; p = 0.051) and the insertion allele of DHFR c.594 + 59del19bp (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.00–2.60; p = 0.059), which were found to be overrepresented in patients. Conclusion: Polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism are possible risk factors for the formation of intracranial aneurysms. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gustavohenriquemarucci_dissert.pdf: 2122770 bytes, checksum: 2efb8990fe737368548a02b38fdef073 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-12 / Down syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic disease resulting mainly from the presence of three copies of chromosome 21. It is the most frequent human chromosomal abnormality and, in most cases (about 95%) results from maternal chromosome nondisjunction, which occurs during meiosis I. Recent studies suggest that the etiology of maternal risk for DS in young mothers is associated with polymorphisms in genes of folate/homocysteine metabolism. The proper function of folate metabolism is essential for the synthesis of methyl groups necessary for DNA methylation. The deficiency of this metabolite has resulted in DNA hypomethylation, chromosomal breakage and aneuploidies. Objectives: Evaluate the influence of the C1420T polymorphism in serine hidroximetiltransferase (SHMT) gene on the maternal risk for DS, and investigate the association between this polymorphism and variation in the concentration of serum folate, plasma Hcy and methylmalonic acid (MMA); investigate the impact of 19 base pairs (pb) deletion polymorphism of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene and the C1420T polymorphism of the SHMT gene on serum folate concentrations, plasma Hcy and MMA in individuals with DS. Material and methods: 105 mothers of individuals with free trisomy of chromosome 21 and 185 mothers of individuals without the syndrome (no history of miscarriage), and 85 individuals with free trisomy of 21 chromosome were included in this study. The polymorphism of DHFR gene was evaluated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by fragment size difference, and the polymorphism of SHMT gene was analyzed by real-time PCR allelic discrimination. Results: The SHMT CC and CT genotypes were associated with decreased maternal risk for DS (CC: P= 0.0002; 95% CI: 0.20 0.60; OR: 0.35. CT: P < 0.0001; 95% IC: 0.11 - 0.39; OR: 0.21). The different genotypes did not influence the concentrations of metabolites studied. In individuals with DS, the combined genotypes DHFR II/ SHMT TT and DHFR DD/ SHMT TT were associated, respectively, with increased concentrations of Hcy (P<0.001) and folate (P<0.001). Moreover, individuals with DHFR II/ SHMT CT genotypes presented a reduction of folate concentration (P= 0.01). Conclusion: The CC and CT genotypes of SHMT C1020T polymorphism has a protector effect for maternal risk for DS. This polymorphism does not seem to influence the folate, Hcy and MMA concentrations. The del 19pb DHFR and SHMT C1420T polymorphisms present a synergic effect in modulating folate and Hcy concentrations in individuals with DS. / A síndrome de Down (SD) é uma doença genética complexa resultante, principalmente, da presença de três cópias do cromossomo 21. É a cromossomopatia humana mais frequente e, na maioria dos casos (cerca de 95%), decorrente da não disjunção cromossômica materna, ocorridas durante a meiose I. Recentes estudos sugerem que a etiologia do risco materno para a SD em mães jovens está relacionada com polimorfismos em genes do metabolismo do folato/homocisteína (Hcy). O funcionamento adequado do metabolismo do folato é essencial para a síntese de grupos metil necessários para a metilação do DNA. A deficiência deste metabólito tem como resultado, a hipometilação do DNA, quebras cromossômicas e aneuploidias. Objetivos: Avaliar a influência do polimorfismo C1420T do gene serina hidroximetiltransferase (SHMT) no risco materno para a SD e nas concentrações de folato sérico, Hcy e ácido metilmalônico (MMA) plasmáticos ; investigar o impacto dos polimorfismos de deleção de 19 pares de base (pb) do gene dihidrofolato redutase (DHFR) e de transição C1420T do gene SHMT nas concentrações de folato sérico, Hcy e MMA plasmáticos em indivíduos com SD. Casuística e métodos: Foram incluídas no estudo 105 mães de indivíduos com trissomia livre do cromossomo 21 e 185 mães de indivíduos sem a síndrome (sem história prévia de aborto espontâneo), e 85 indivíduos com trissomia livre do cromossomo 21. O polimorfismo do gene DHFR foi avaliado por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) por diferença de tamanho de fragmentos, e o polimorfismo SHMT C1420T foi analisado por PCR em tempo real. Resultados: Os genótipos CC e CT do polimorfismo SHMT C1420T foram associados à redução do risco materno para SD (CC: P = 0,0002; 95% IC: 0,20 0,60; OR: 0,35. CT: P < 0,0001; 95% IC: 0,11 0,39; OR: 0,21). Os diferentes genótipos não influenciaram as concentrações dos metabólitos estudados. No grupo de indivíduos com SD, os genótipos combinados DHFR II/SHMT TT e DHFR DD/SHMT TT foram associados, respectivamente, com concentrações aumentadas de Hcy (P < 0,001) e de folato (P < 0,001). Além disso, indivíduos com os genótipos DHFR II/SHMT CT apresentaram concentração reduzida de folato (P = 0,01). Conclusão: Os genótipos CC e CT do polimorfismo SHMT C1420T conferem um efeito materno protetor para SD. Este polimorfismo parece não influenciar as concentrações de folato, Hcy e MMA. Os polimorfismos del 19pb DHFR e C1420T SHMT apresentam um efeito sinérgico na modulação das concentrações de folato e Hcy de indivíduos com SD.

Homocystein (tHcy) gilt als unabhängiger kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor und korreliert eng mit einer endothelialen Dysfunktion, welche nichtinvasiv mittels der flussinduzierten Vasodilatation (FMD) messbar ist. Experimentelle Hyperhomocysteinämie ist mit einer reduzierten Bioverfügbarkeit von endothelialen Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) bei gleichzeitig erhöhten Spiegeln des kompetetiven Inhibitors der NO-Biosynthese asymmetrisches Dimethylarginin (ADMA) assoziiert. In-vivo senkt eine Östrogenbehandlung neben tHcy auch die ADMA-Spiegel und verbessert signifikant die Endothelfunktion. Hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung als selektive Östrogenrezeptormodulatoren wird angenommen, dass Phytoöstrogene, speziell Sojaisoflavone, ähnliche Effekte hervorrufen.<br><br> Innerhalb einer europäischen, multizentrischen, doppelblinden Interventionsstudie an 89 gesunden, postmenopausalen Frauen wurde der Einfluss von Sojaisoflavonen auf den Homocysteinmetabolismus, den Blutdruck und die in-vivo Endothelfunktion untersucht. Die cross-over Studie umfasste zwei achtwöchige Interventionsperioden, die von einer gleichlangen Wash-out-Phase unterbrochen waren. Die Zuteilung zum Isoflavon- (50 mg/d) oder Plazeboregime für die erste Interventionsphase erfolgte randomisiert. Endpunkterhebungen fanden jeweils in den Wochen 0 und 8 der Interventionsperioden statt.<br><br> Die renale Ausscheidung von Genistein, Daidzein und Equol war während der Isoflavonintervention signifikant erhöht (P>0,001). Die Phyoöstrogene hatten weder einen Effekt auf die tHcy-Konzentration (P=0,286), noch auf ADMA, Erythrozytenfolat und Vitamin B-12 (P>0,05) im Plasma. Während die Summe aus Nitrat und Nitrit (NOx), welche die NO-Bioverfügbarkeit reflektiert, im Verlaufe der Plazebobehandlung abfiel, wurde ein leichter Anstieg bei der Isoflavonsupplementation beobachtet (Delta Wo8-Wo0: -2,60 [-8,75; 2,25] vs. 1,00 [-6,65; 7,85] µmol/L P<0,001), was zu einem signifikanten Behandlungseffekt führte. Weiterhin wurde eine positive Korrelation zwischen ADMA und Vitamin B-12 gefunden (R=0,252; P=0,018). Die flussinduzierte Vasodilatation (P=0,716), ein Maß für die Endothelfunktion, blieb durch die Isoflavonbehandlung unbeeinflusst, obwohl sich diese über die Zeit insgesamt verbesserte (P>0,001). Bis auf einen marginalen Anstieg des systolischen Wertes (P=0,032) im Vergleich zur Plazebobehandlung blieb der Blutdruck während der Isoflavonintervention unverändert.<br><br> Im Gegensatz zu Östrogen übten Sojaisoflavone weder einen Einfluss auf die in-vivo Endothelfunktion noch auf die traditionellen und neuen kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren den Blutdruck, tHcy und ADMA aus. Demzufolge ist der gesundheitliche Nutzen isolierter Isoflavone hinsichtlich einer Prävention hormonmangelbedingter Erkrankungen in gesunden postmenopausalen Frauen fraglich. / Homocysteine (tHcy) is a strong and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hyperhomocysteinemia contributes to endothelial dysfunction as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). The mechanisms by which homocysteine generates endothelial dysfunction remain incompletely understood although a growing body of data suggests that the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is reduced. The principal competitive inhibitor of endothelial NO-synthase asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) may play a central role in homocysteine related dysfunction as it is derived from homocysteine metabolism. Cardiovascular risk factor modification has suggested beneficial effects of estrogen on endothelial function by lowering homocysteine and ADMA levels. We hypothesize that phytoestrogens particular isoflavones act in a similar manner.<br><br> The effects of soy isoflavones on homocysteine metabolism and endothelial function were investigated within a multi-centre, double blind, cross-over intervention trial in 89 European postmenopausal women. Subjects consumed either fruit cereal bars with or without soy isoflavones (50 mg/d) for 8 weeks each with a 8 weeks washout period in between. Endpoint measurements were during both treatment phases at baseline and weeks 8, respectively. <br><br> Urinary phytoestrogens increased significantly after isoflavone intervention (P<0.001). Isoflavone supplementation did affect neither plasma total homocysteine (P=0.286) nor ADMA, vitamin B-12 or folate (P<0.05). Isoflavones had a favorable effect on NO-metabolism assessed by analysis of NO-metabolites (NOx) nitrite and nitrate. While NOx concentration significantly decreased during placebo there was a slight increase after isoflavone supplementation leading to a significant treatment difference (delta wk8-wk0: -2.60 [-8.75; 2.25] vs. 1.00 [-6.65; 7.85] µmol/L P<0.001). There was no association between total homocysteine and ADMA whereas a positive correlation was found for ADMA and vitamin B-12 (R=0.252; P=0.018). The endothelial function model did not demonstrate any difference between either treatment regime (P=0.716), although endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation improved in general (P<0.001). A potential adverse effect was noted, with an elevation in systolic blood pressure (P=0.032) whereas diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure remained unaffected.<br><br> Soy isoflavones did not have beneficial effects on endothelial function as well as on traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors like plasma homocysteine, blood pressure and ADMA as observed for estrogen treatment. The health benefit of isolated isoflavones in healthy postmenopausal women is questionable.

No description available.

L’adénosine (ADO) est un nucléoside ubiquitaire issu de l’ATP et du cycle de la méthionine. Via les récepteurs A1 (A1R), elle favorise la fibrillation atriale (FA). Via les récepteurs A2A (A2AR), elle induit une dilatation coronaire. L’ADO est donc un intermédiaire métabolique et un neurotransmetteur du système cardiovasculaire.La 1ère étude montre que, chez les patients coronariens, l’ADO est corrélée à l’homocystéine (Hcy) et l’uricémie. De plus, l’ADO et l’Hcy sont corrélées au score évaluant l’étendue de l’athérosclérose (score SYNTAX). Enfin, sur un modèle d’hépatocyte, l’ADO induit la production d’Hcy selon un effet dose et un effet temps. L’hyperadénosinémie semble ainsi participer à l’augmentation de l’homocystéinémie et de l’uricémie. Ces données apportent un nouvel éclairage sur la physiopathologie de la maladie coronarienne.Dans le 2nd travail, l’ADO augmente significativement uniquement chez les patients coronariens à test d’effort positif. De plus, leur expression des A2AR est plus faible que les patients à test négatif. Ainsi, la faible expression A2AR chez les coronariens à test d’effort positif participe au défaut d’adaptation coronaire durant le test. Un faible niveau d’A2AR pourrait être alors un biomarqueur de coronaropathie.Dans la 3ème étude, les patients avec FA sans cardiopathie sous-jacente ont une adénosinémie normale et une surexpression des A2AR. Sachant que l’ADO peut favoriser la FA, la surexpression des A2AR pourrait donc participer au déclenchement de FA en augmentant la sensibilité à l’adénosine.En conclusion, les médicaments modulant le système adénosinergique pourraient être utiles au traitement de la coronaropathie ou de la FA. / Adenosine (ADO) is an ubiquitous nucleoside that comes from ATP and from the methionine cycle. Via A1 receptors (A1R), it promotes atrial fibrillation (AF). Via A2A receptors (A2AR), it leads to coronary vasodilatation. Thus, adenosine is a metabolic intermediate and a neurotransmitter of the cardiovascular system.The first study showed that adenosine plasma level (APL) is correlated with homocystein (Hcy) and uric acid in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Furthermore, APL and Hcy are correlated with the SYNTAX score which evaluate CAD severity. Finally, in cellulo, ADO induced a dose and time dependant increase of HCY production by human hepatocytes. We concluded that high APL may participate into the high HCY and uric acid levels. These data bring new highlight on the physiopathology of CAD.In the second work, APL increased significantly only in patients with positive exercise stress testing (EST). Furthermore, A2AR expression was lower in positive EST patients compared with those with negative EST. Then, we concluded that the low expression of A2AR in CAD patients with positive EST, participates in the lack of adaptive response (coronary vasodilatation) to the EST. This result suggests that low A2AR expression may be a biological marker of CAD.In the third study, patients with AF and no structural heart disease have a normal APL but an increase in A2AR expression. Because adenosine promotes AF, we concluded that high A2AR expression may participate into the triggering of AF by increasing the sensitivity to adenosine.In conclusion, drugs that modulate the purinergic system should be useful tools for the treatment of CAD or AF.

Die Arbeit Synthese dendritischer Redoxverbindungen und deren Einsatz in der Bioanalytik beschreibt die Synthese von Dendrimeren und Dendronen mit benzylisch N-quarternisierten 4,4 -Bipyridinium-Verbindungen (Viologenen) im dendritischen Gerüst. Weiterhin werden Synthesen neuer Nitrilotriessigsäure (NTA)-Verbindungen synthetisiert, die eine disulfidische Gruppe oder einen Pyrrolrest besitzen.Sensorik: Es gelang, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Wieczorek, mittels eines massenspezifischen Sensorsystems (QCM) die Analyse zweier Proteine (G-Aktin und C-Untereinheit) bezüglich ihrer Interaktion und Stöchometrie nachzuweisen.NTA modifizierte Elektroden: Es wurden verschiedene NTA-Verbindungen auf Goldelektroden immobilisiert und mittels elektrochemischen Methoden und XPS beschrieben. Darüber hinaus gelang eine NTA Modifizierung einer GC-Elektrode. Eine Polypyrrolfilm-Elektrode, welche aktivierte Propansäureesterseitenkette besitzt, wurde mit Aminobutyl-NTA (AB-NTA) verknüpft. Diese modifizierte Elektrode zeigt reversible Nickelionen Aufnahme bzw. Abgabe.Im Bereich der Multielektronen- bzw. hoch geladenen Labels für Proteine wurden kegelförmige, dendritische Viologenderivaten mit funktionalisierten Fokalpunkt hergestellt und diese mit Proteinen derivatisiert (u.a. Cytochrome C). Der Nachweis der nunmehr pH-unabhängigen Oberflächenladungen des Proteins wurde nachgewiesen. (P. Schön et. al., JACS 2005, 127, 11486).

Bakgrund: Akne är en av de vanligaste dermatologiska sjukdomarna och drabbar nästan alla människor under puberteten. Sjukdomen kan även fortsätta eller utvecklas i vuxen ålder där prevalensen av akne är högre bland kvinnor. Vid måttlig till svår akne förekommer inflammatoriska lesioner i ansikte och på övre bål som ofta lämnar ärr vid läkning. Isotretinoin (Iso) är det mest effektiva läkemedlet mot akne men kommer med många besvärliga och allvarliga biverkningar. Utifrån två fallpresentationer verkar Iso kunna påverka kroppens folatstatus negativt. Folat är ett essentiellt vitamin som har en viktig roll i DNA-syntesen och metabolismen av aminosyror. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka om behandling med Iso har negativ effekt på kroppens folatstatus. Vid undersökning av detta söktes följande frågor att besvaras: Sänker Iso kroppens folatstatus? Ökar Iso homocysteinnivåerna i plasma? Sänker Iso kroppens B12-status? Metod: Arbetet har utförts genom systematisk litteratursökning i Pubmed och Scopus under januari och februari 2021. I båda databaserna har fyra olika fritextsökningar genomförts med isotretinoin som bestående sökord vidare tillsammans med folic acid, folate, homocysteine och vitamin B12. Elva artiklar har inkluderats för analys. Resultat: Effekten av Iso på kroppens folatstatus undersöktes i tio studier och i sex av dessa studier observerades signifikant minskade serumfolatnivåer. Homocysteinnivåer undersöktes i tio studier och i åtta av dessa observerades ökade homocysteinnivåer efter behandling med Iso. Åtta studier undersökte förändringar i serumkoncentrationen av B12 vid behandling med Iso och i tre av dessa studier observerades signifikant minskande B12-nivåer. Slutsats: Utifrån resultatet går det att tolka att omsättningen av folat och B12 kan ha ökat vid stigande homocysteinnivåer. Tillskott av folsyra och B12 kan vara att rekommendera till patienter med akne som behandlas med Iso och där homocysteinnivåerna i plasma stiger. Studier med längre behandlingsperiod bör utföras för att kunna avgöra hur en fullständig behandling med Iso påverkar vitaminstatusen för folat och B12. / Background: Acne is one of the most common dermatological diseases generally affecting people going through puberty. The prevalence of adult acne is increasing and especially among women. Clinical symptoms of acne in moderate and severe cases are inflammatory lesions located in the face and upper body that can often cause scarring. Isotretinoin (Iso) is the most effective therapeutic drug against acne but has many side-effects. Iso appears to adversely affect the body's folate status according to two case presentations. Folate is an essential vitamin and has an important role in DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to examine if treatment with Iso has a negative effect on the body's folate status. Following questions were searched to be answered: Does Iso lower the body's folate status? Dose Iso increase plasma homocysteine levels? Does Iso lower the body's vitamin B12 status?Method: Eleven articles examining the effect of Iso treatment on folate status, homocysteine and B12 levels were collected from a literature search in Pubmed and Scopus during January and February 2021. Four different free text searches were carried out with isotretinoin as the consisting key word together with folic acid, folate, homocysteine ​​and vitamin B12. Results: The effect of Iso on the body's folate status was examined by ten studies and in six of these studies significantly reduced serum folate levels were observed. Homocysteine levels were examined in ten studies and in eight of these were increased homocysteine levels observed after treatment with Iso. Eight studies examined changes in the serum concentration of B12 and in three of these studies significantly decreased B12 levels were observed after treatment with Iso. Conclusion: The results give an indication that the turnover of folate and B12 may have increased with rising homocysteine plasma levels. Supplements of folic acid and B12 may be recommended for patients undergoing treatment with Iso if plasma homocysteine levels are rising during treatment. Studies with a longer treatment period with Iso need to be done to determine how a complete treatment with Iso affects folate and B12 status.