Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / O tratamento do câncer através de novas tecnologias tem permitido a cura ou o controle da doença, por tempo progressivamente maior, requerendo o acompanhamento do paciente durante vários anos de maneira no sentido de avaliar resultados do tratamento ou intervir rapidamente nos casos de recidiva. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é desenhar um sistema informatizado capaz de agregar dados clínicos, procedimentos utilizados e custos associados ao tratamento de pacientes com câncer, com vistas a subsidiar a gestão da atenção oncológica. Objetivos específicos contemplados no desenho do sistema incluem: (1) projetar aagregação de dados cadastrais e dados longitudinais clínicos relativos ao uso de procedimentos e custos associados ao tratamento de pacientes com câncer; (2) complementar a informatização do cadastro de procedimentos/atividades, hoje parcialmente informatizado, e integrar os sistemas (criação do prontuário eletrônico); (3) desenvolver um subsistema de custos associados à realização de procedimentos diagnósticos, terapêuticos, de reabilitação e suporte clínico, na atenção aos pacientes com câncer, no nível ambulatorial e hospitalar, consistente com o cadastro de procedimentos/atividades; e (4) desenvolver ferramenta para extração de relatórios. Todos os dados a serem integrados deverão estar armazenados em bancos de dados eletrônicos para a disponibilização em tempo real das informações. Para a consideração dos custos de atenção será utilizado o método de análise de custo baseado em atividade, que provê um processo técnico de rastreamento de custos associados às atividades desenvolvidas. O programa de custos deverá ser construído em módulos capazes de dar conta de diferentes níveis de complexidade, vislumbrando o uso em instalações hospitalares de qualquer porte. O trabalho aqui desenvolvido tem forte potencial de aplicação no INCA, podendo viabilizar a geração de conhecimento sobre a situação do câncer, apontando caminhos de ação, identificando necessidades de investimento e contribuindo para a análise das tecnologias em uso, novas tecnologias e possíveis revisões e mudanças de protocolos. Espera-se que ele se constitua em um projeto piloto de um sistema de informação em câncer no país, capaz de fornecer dados confiáveis e atualizados acerca dos aspectos clínicos, uso de recursos, resultados e custos, relativos á atenção ao paciente com câncer. / Cancer treatment based on new technologies has allowed the cure or the disease control for progressively longer periods, requesting the follow-up of patients through many years, in the sense of outcomes evaluation as well as prompt intervention in the disease recurrence cases. This work is aimed at designing an electronic system able to aggregate clinical data, procedures employed and costs associated with cancer attention to subsidize oncologic attention management. Specific objectives contemplated in the system design include: (1) projecting aggregation of cadastral and clinical longitudinal data relative to procedures use and costs associated with cancer treatment; (2) fulfilling computerization needs regarding procedures and activities recording, and integrating electronic systems (creation of electronic patient recording system); (3) developing a cost subsystem related to diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitation and clinical support procedures, applied on outpatient and inpatient cancer attention, adjusted to procedures and activities recording; and (4) developing a report extraction tool. All data to be integrated must be loaded in electronic databases, able to provide real-time information. To consider attention costs, we will apply the activity-based costing method, which provides a technical process of monitoring costs associated with de activities. The cost applicative must be built as modules able to account for different complexity levels, applicable in any size hospitals. The work developed here has strong application potential in INCA, enabling it to generate knowledge about cancer status, pointing out courses of action, identifying investment needs and contributing to the analysis of the current technologies, new technologies and eventual protocol reviews and changes. It is expected to constitute the pilot project for a cancer information system in the country, able to provide reliable and updated data concerning clinical aspects, resource use, costs and outcomes relative to cancer patients’ health care.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar as informações contidas nas apólices de dano à pessoa em processos de sinistros de seguradoras, e propor melhorias para o atendimento de traumatizados portadores desse tipo de produto. Foram descritas as informações sobre o perfil do segurado - sexo, faixa etária e ocupação -; características do trauma - como local e etiologia do dano -; características da lesão e dos tratamentos reabilitadores; adequação dos tratamentos propostos, dos honorários e da documentação. Foram elencadas as falhas detectadas nas apólices cuja documentação apresentava-se insuficiente. O estudo abrangeu 151 processos, dos quais 132 constituiam-se em Avisos de Acidente (iniciais) e 19 em Avisos de Continuidade. Quanto aos tipos de seguros, 124 eram de Seguro Escolar, 07 de Afastamento Profissional e 01 de DPVAT. Nos processos, 84 (63,64%) segurados eram do sexo masculino e 48 (36,36%) do sexo feminino; a faixa etária predominante foi a compreendida entre 6 e 10 anos, com 42 (31,82%) casos; o local de maior ocorrência foi a área escolar (57 = 43,18%). Na etiologia do dano constatou-se que 59 (44,70%) acidentes aconteceram durante locomoções, 34 (25,76%) em atividades lúdicas, 18 (13,64%) em práticas esportivas e 16 (12,12%) em ambiente doméstico, nos três últimos dos quais as quedas ocorreram com maior freqüência. Os dados de lesões referem-se tão somente aos Avisos de Acidentes, nos quais predominaram as fraturas coronárias simples, com 94 ocorrências, e 21 acidentes geraram lesões associadas de tecidos duros e tecidos moles. Da mesma forma, os tratamentos reabilitadores só contemplam os Avisos de Acidentes, nos quais prevaleceu a dentística (112). Na análise da adequação de tratamentos propostos, dos 151 processos, 133 estavam adequados e 18 inadequados. Quanto aos honorários profissionais, 89 apresentaram valores satisfatórios e 55, valores acima dos usuais. Os 7 processos restantes eram de Afastamento Profissional, nos quais não são avaliados os custos de tratamento e sim o tempo de restabelecimento. Em relação à adequação da documentação, 74 estavam adequados e 77 não completaram a documentação requisitada. Dentre os inadequados, a principal falha foi a ausência de radiografias iniciais e/ou finais. / This dissertation aims at analyzing the data on accident claims in personal injury policies from insurance companies and at proposing improvements on the treatment of injured people who hold this kind of product. The study describes information related to the insured profile (gender, age and occupation), to the trauma (such as the place and etiology of damage), the lesion and rehabilitation treatment characteristics, as well as whether proposed treatments were adequate for the fees charged and for the documentary evidence submitted. Errors identified in policies with insufficient documentation were also listed. The study encompassed 151 claims, 132 of which were Notification of Accidents (Initial Claims) and 19 were Notification about the Eligibility for Continuity of Care. As for the kinds of insurance, 124 related to School Accident Insurances, while 07, to Professional Leave, and only 01 related to Motor Vehicle Personal Injury Insurance. In those claims, 84 (63,64%) insured were male, whereas 48 (36,36%) were female; the main age group ranged from 6 to 10 years old, totalizing 42 cases (or 31,82%). Schools were the place where the greatest number of accidents (57 = 44,53%) occurred. In the etiology of damage, it was observed that 59 accidents (44,70%) occurred during locomotion movement, 34 cases (25,76%) in playing, 18 (13,64%) during the practice of sports and 16 (12,12%) at home. In the last three types, fall accidents occurred more frequently. As for the kind of lesion, the simple fracture crown prevailed in 94 cases, whereas in 21 accidents, it were hard and soft associated lesions. In the rehabilitation treatments, dentistry prevailed in 112 proceedings. As for the suitability of proposed treatments, out of 151 claims, 133 were adequate whereas 18 were not. As far as fees for professional services were concerned, 89 were considered satisfactory, while 55 were considered overcharged. The last 7 claims were related to Professional Leave, and so what is assessed is the time to recovery and not the treatment costs. In relation to documentary evidence, 74 claims submitted proper documents, while 77 did not. The latter main error was that initial and /or final radiographic documentation was not sent to the insurance companies.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-16T12:14:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Roberta Ananias.pdf: 1607405 bytes, checksum: f9f134d9b4be38fd8bbd4004304ea2f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T12:14:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Roberta Ananias.pdf: 1607405 bytes, checksum: f9f134d9b4be38fd8bbd4004304ea2f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / The present study looked for how to know the impact of the Brazilian economic recessive situation, as this has influenced the pricing policy of accounting remunerations. The future of accounting in Brazil has been bringing changes regarding the virtual accounting firms that provide the service in an on-line and digital way, acting technologically with the client. The general objective was to reflect on the ways in which the market prices are priced and the technological world reality in accounting firms. The research approach was qualitative and descriptive, whose objective was to analyze the pricing characteristics used by accounting firms, the use of the questionnaire was employed. The study concluded that the accounting entrepreneur should measure in each remuneration, the hours provided, the costs involved, the margin of costs, the taxation for the definition of the price and the limit of the discount, if any. The study showed that there are accounting offices that do not have pricing criteria for their remunerations. The work has helped to alert managers of accounting firms to rethink pricing / O presente estudo procurou conhecer o impacto da situação econômica recessiva brasileira e como ela tem influenciado a política de preços dos honorários contábeis. O futuro da contabilidade no Brasil vem trazendo mudanças para as empresas contábeis virtuais que prestam serviço de modo on-line e digital, atuando tecnologicamente com o cliente. O objetivo geral foi refletir sobre formas e tendências da precificação no mercado quanto aos custos e sobre a realidade mundial tecnológica existente nas empresas de contabilidade. A abordagem da pesquisa foi qualitativa e descritiva. Para analisar as características de precificação utilizadas por empresas contábeis foi empregado o uso de questionário. A conclusão deste estudo é que o empresário contábil deve mensurar, em cada honorário, as horas prestadas, os custos envolvidos, a margem, a tributação para a definição do preço e o limite do desconto, se houver. Demonstrou que ainda existem escritórios de contabilidade que não têm critério de precificação dos seus honorários. O trabalho contribuiu para alertar gestores de empresas contábeis sobre a necessidade de repensar formas de precificação

Brazilians judicial labor procedure is ineffective. It often doesnt realize the complainants rights (at least, not entirely), and when it does, it takes so much time and causes so many privations to the complainant, that much of its utility is lost. This is due to the way in which the system is read by its operators, in a conservative and restrictive way, which still takes into account only the text of the law and ignores the values and principles that inform the system. This leads to the non achievement of the fundamental rights of the workers and the denial of access to justice. Thus, this study is an attempt of insurgency against the way in which the labor procedure law is applied and against the logic of our legal system, a perverse logic, which seems to always favor the debtor and discourage the compliance of the labor law. Our goal is to look for new ways to apply the procedural technique, in order to extract better results from the system, which is especially necessary regarding labor procedure law, because of the nature and importance of the rights that it protects - fundamental rights, thus defined by the Constitution. This is, in fact, an important subject in our study: the demonstration of the fundamentality of the labor rights, in the hope that, once recognized like that, they will be respected, as occurs with the rights recognized as fundamental. The fundamentality of the labor rights and of the right to access the justice (which we designate as the fundamental right to effective judicial protection - subject that also received special emphasis, as well as the vision of the process as a public service provided by the State, as well as its meaning and consequences) generate the necessity of a rapid and effective judicial process, one that, in a short time, offers the employee the full restoration of his violated labor rights. Thats what we tried to build, analyzing institutes such as the provisory injunction, the definitive and provisory execution, the abuse in the use of the process and many more, trying to present new ways to read them and use them, in order to increase the effectiveness of the process. What we tried to show, finally, was how a new vision of the procedural law generates a different application of its institutes, one that fulfills its objectives and protects the worker. What we tried, in other words, was to see how the judicial labor process can help the effectiveness of the labor law, whose restoration is the reason of the judicial system and an obligation of the State. / Brazilians judicial labor procedure is ineffective. It often doesnt realize the complainants rights (at least, not entirely), and when it does, it takes so much time and causes so many privations to the complainant, that much of its utility is lost. This is due to the way in which the system is read by its operators, in a conservative and restrictive way, which still takes into account only the text of the law and ignores the values and principles that inform the system. This leads to the non achievement of the fundamental rights of the workers and the denial of access to justice. Thus, this study is an attempt of insurgency against the way in which the labor procedure law is applied and against the logic of our legal system, a perverse logic, which seems to always favor the debtor and discourage the compliance of the labor law. Our goal is to look for new ways to apply the procedural technique, in order to extract better results from the system, which is especially necessary regarding labor procedure law, because of the nature and importance of the rights that it protects - fundamental rights, thus defined by the Constitution. This is, in fact, an important subject in our study: the demonstration of the fundamentality of the labor rights, in the hope that, once recognized like that, they will be respected, as occurs with the rights recognized as fundamental. The fundamentality of the labor rights and of the right to access the justice (which we designate as the fundamental right to effective judicial protection - subject that also received special emphasis, as well as the vision of the process as a public service provided by the State, as well as its meaning and consequences) generate the necessity of a rapid and effective judicial process, one that, in a short time, offers the employee the full restoration of his violated labor rights. Thats what we tried to build, analyzing institutes such as the provisory injunction, the definitive and provisory execution, the abuse in the use of the process and many more, trying to present new ways to read them and use them, in order to increase the effectiveness of the process. What we tried to show, finally, was how a new vision of the procedural law generates a different application of its institutes, one that fulfills its objectives and protects the worker. What we tried, in other words, was to see how the judicial labor process can help the effectiveness of the labor law, whose restoration is the reason of the judicial system and an obligation of the State.

Submitted by Cristiane Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@fgv.br) on 2011-05-23T18:56:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100005.pdf: 914060 bytes, checksum: 090034aaa6f5d766df12e2993800e704 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-23T19:28:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100005.pdf: 914060 bytes, checksum: 090034aaa6f5d766df12e2993800e704 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-23T19:30:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100005.pdf: 914060 bytes, checksum: 090034aaa6f5d766df12e2993800e704 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-24T11:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100005.pdf: 914060 bytes, checksum: 090034aaa6f5d766df12e2993800e704 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Because of technological advances and increased average life expectancy of the population, among other factors, spending on health care has grown significantly in Brazil. On one hand, health medical operators readjust their values to cope with increased costs, leading to complaints from its contractors and beneficiaries about rising prices. On the other hand, the medical service providers seem dissatisfied with their remunerations. Therefore, an impasse, which has been little studied and this work seeks to address, arises. Based on an extensive literature research and on interviews with executives and leaders in the field of health care, first presented are the profile of the sector and the major medical payment models in the country. Subsequently, the research results are discussed, giving voice to representatives of health medical operators and the medical profession. Among the main findings of the qualitative research are: the predominance of payment models by procedure or fee for service; widespread criticism about the emphasis that the fee for service model puts on quantity, not quality; the expectation that models capable of evaluating the performance of doctors and health care outcomes will be developed. The development of this new model would bring several benefits, not only economic, as long as the construction of performance and quality indicators can be decided with the participation of all stakeholders, including physicians. Only then we will come to a payment model that reduces unnecessary procedures (and costs), prioritize service quality, optimize the results and improve the satisfaction of everyone involved in health care. / Em razão dos avanços tecnológicos e do aumento da expectativa média de vida da população, entre outros fatores, os gastos na área da saúde vêm crescendo significativamente, no Brasil. Se de um lado as operadoras de planos de saúde reajustam seus valores para fazer frente ao aumento dos custos, levando seus contratantes e beneficiários a reclamarem da elevação de preços, de outro lado os médicos prestadores de serviços parecem insatisfeitos com seus honorários. Surge então um impasse, ainda pouco estudado, que a presente Dissertação procura enfrentar. Com base em ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e também em entrevistas realizadas com dirigentes e lideranças da área de saúde suplementar, apresentam-se, primeiramente o perfil do setor e as formas principais de remuneração do trabalho médico em nosso país. Discutem-se, em seguida, os resultados da pesquisa, dando voz a representantes das operadoras e da classe médica. Dentre os principais achados da pesquisa qualitativa, destacam-se: a predominância do modelo de remuneração por procedimento ou fee for service; críticas generalizadas a respeito da ênfase que a remuneração por procedimento coloca na quantidade, e não na qualidade; a expectativa de que se desenvolvam modelos capazes de avaliar o desempenho dos médicos e os resultados da atenção à saúde. O desenvolvimento desse novo modelo de remuneração traria benefícios, não apenas econômicos, contanto que a construção dos indicadores de resultado e de qualidade possam ser feitos com a participação de todos os atores, inclusive dos médicos. Só assim chegaremos a um modelo remuneratório que reduza os procedimentos (e os gastos) desnecessários, priorize a qualidade dos serviços, otimize os resultados e melhore os índices de satisfação de todos os envolvidos na cadeia da saúde.

Brazilians judicial labor procedure is ineffective. It often doesnt realize the complainants rights (at least, not entirely), and when it does, it takes so much time and causes so many privations to the complainant, that much of its utility is lost. This is due to the way in which the system is read by its operators, in a conservative and restrictive way, which still takes into account only the text of the law and ignores the values and principles that inform the system. This leads to the non achievement of the fundamental rights of the workers and the denial of access to justice. Thus, this study is an attempt of insurgency against the way in which the labor procedure law is applied and against the logic of our legal system, a perverse logic, which seems to always favor the debtor and discourage the compliance of the labor law. Our goal is to look for new ways to apply the procedural technique, in order to extract better results from the system, which is especially necessary regarding labor procedure law, because of the nature and importance of the rights that it protects - fundamental rights, thus defined by the Constitution. This is, in fact, an important subject in our study: the demonstration of the fundamentality of the labor rights, in the hope that, once recognized like that, they will be respected, as occurs with the rights recognized as fundamental. The fundamentality of the labor rights and of the right to access the justice (which we designate as the fundamental right to effective judicial protection - subject that also received special emphasis, as well as the vision of the process as a public service provided by the State, as well as its meaning and consequences) generate the necessity of a rapid and effective judicial process, one that, in a short time, offers the employee the full restoration of his violated labor rights. Thats what we tried to build, analyzing institutes such as the provisory injunction, the definitive and provisory execution, the abuse in the use of the process and many more, trying to present new ways to read them and use them, in order to increase the effectiveness of the process. What we tried to show, finally, was how a new vision of the procedural law generates a different application of its institutes, one that fulfills its objectives and protects the worker. What we tried, in other words, was to see how the judicial labor process can help the effectiveness of the labor law, whose restoration is the reason of the judicial system and an obligation of the State. / Brazilians judicial labor procedure is ineffective. It often doesnt realize the complainants rights (at least, not entirely), and when it does, it takes so much time and causes so many privations to the complainant, that much of its utility is lost. This is due to the way in which the system is read by its operators, in a conservative and restrictive way, which still takes into account only the text of the law and ignores the values and principles that inform the system. This leads to the non achievement of the fundamental rights of the workers and the denial of access to justice. Thus, this study is an attempt of insurgency against the way in which the labor procedure law is applied and against the logic of our legal system, a perverse logic, which seems to always favor the debtor and discourage the compliance of the labor law. Our goal is to look for new ways to apply the procedural technique, in order to extract better results from the system, which is especially necessary regarding labor procedure law, because of the nature and importance of the rights that it protects - fundamental rights, thus defined by the Constitution. This is, in fact, an important subject in our study: the demonstration of the fundamentality of the labor rights, in the hope that, once recognized like that, they will be respected, as occurs with the rights recognized as fundamental. The fundamentality of the labor rights and of the right to access the justice (which we designate as the fundamental right to effective judicial protection - subject that also received special emphasis, as well as the vision of the process as a public service provided by the State, as well as its meaning and consequences) generate the necessity of a rapid and effective judicial process, one that, in a short time, offers the employee the full restoration of his violated labor rights. Thats what we tried to build, analyzing institutes such as the provisory injunction, the definitive and provisory execution, the abuse in the use of the process and many more, trying to present new ways to read them and use them, in order to increase the effectiveness of the process. What we tried to show, finally, was how a new vision of the procedural law generates a different application of its institutes, one that fulfills its objectives and protects the worker. What we tried, in other words, was to see how the judicial labor process can help the effectiveness of the labor law, whose restoration is the reason of the judicial system and an obligation of the State.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar as informações contidas nas apólices de dano à pessoa em processos de sinistros de seguradoras, e propor melhorias para o atendimento de traumatizados portadores desse tipo de produto. Foram descritas as informações sobre o perfil do segurado - sexo, faixa etária e ocupação -; características do trauma - como local e etiologia do dano -; características da lesão e dos tratamentos reabilitadores; adequação dos tratamentos propostos, dos honorários e da documentação. Foram elencadas as falhas detectadas nas apólices cuja documentação apresentava-se insuficiente. O estudo abrangeu 151 processos, dos quais 132 constituiam-se em Avisos de Acidente (iniciais) e 19 em Avisos de Continuidade. Quanto aos tipos de seguros, 124 eram de Seguro Escolar, 07 de Afastamento Profissional e 01 de DPVAT. Nos processos, 84 (63,64%) segurados eram do sexo masculino e 48 (36,36%) do sexo feminino; a faixa etária predominante foi a compreendida entre 6 e 10 anos, com 42 (31,82%) casos; o local de maior ocorrência foi a área escolar (57 = 43,18%). Na etiologia do dano constatou-se que 59 (44,70%) acidentes aconteceram durante locomoções, 34 (25,76%) em atividades lúdicas, 18 (13,64%) em práticas esportivas e 16 (12,12%) em ambiente doméstico, nos três últimos dos quais as quedas ocorreram com maior freqüência. Os dados de lesões referem-se tão somente aos Avisos de Acidentes, nos quais predominaram as fraturas coronárias simples, com 94 ocorrências, e 21 acidentes geraram lesões associadas de tecidos duros e tecidos moles. Da mesma forma, os tratamentos reabilitadores só contemplam os Avisos de Acidentes, nos quais prevaleceu a dentística (112). Na análise da adequação de tratamentos propostos, dos 151 processos, 133 estavam adequados e 18 inadequados. Quanto aos honorários profissionais, 89 apresentaram valores satisfatórios e 55, valores acima dos usuais. Os 7 processos restantes eram de Afastamento Profissional, nos quais não são avaliados os custos de tratamento e sim o tempo de restabelecimento. Em relação à adequação da documentação, 74 estavam adequados e 77 não completaram a documentação requisitada. Dentre os inadequados, a principal falha foi a ausência de radiografias iniciais e/ou finais. / This dissertation aims at analyzing the data on accident claims in personal injury policies from insurance companies and at proposing improvements on the treatment of injured people who hold this kind of product. The study describes information related to the insured profile (gender, age and occupation), to the trauma (such as the place and etiology of damage), the lesion and rehabilitation treatment characteristics, as well as whether proposed treatments were adequate for the fees charged and for the documentary evidence submitted. Errors identified in policies with insufficient documentation were also listed. The study encompassed 151 claims, 132 of which were Notification of Accidents (Initial Claims) and 19 were Notification about the Eligibility for Continuity of Care. As for the kinds of insurance, 124 related to School Accident Insurances, while 07, to Professional Leave, and only 01 related to Motor Vehicle Personal Injury Insurance. In those claims, 84 (63,64%) insured were male, whereas 48 (36,36%) were female; the main age group ranged from 6 to 10 years old, totalizing 42 cases (or 31,82%). Schools were the place where the greatest number of accidents (57 = 44,53%) occurred. In the etiology of damage, it was observed that 59 accidents (44,70%) occurred during locomotion movement, 34 cases (25,76%) in playing, 18 (13,64%) during the practice of sports and 16 (12,12%) at home. In the last three types, fall accidents occurred more frequently. As for the kind of lesion, the simple fracture crown prevailed in 94 cases, whereas in 21 accidents, it were hard and soft associated lesions. In the rehabilitation treatments, dentistry prevailed in 112 proceedings. As for the suitability of proposed treatments, out of 151 claims, 133 were adequate whereas 18 were not. As far as fees for professional services were concerned, 89 were considered satisfactory, while 55 were considered overcharged. The last 7 claims were related to Professional Leave, and so what is assessed is the time to recovery and not the treatment costs. In relation to documentary evidence, 74 claims submitted proper documents, while 77 did not. The latter main error was that initial and /or final radiographic documentation was not sent to the insurance companies.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo tratar do direito de estar em juízo desacompanhado de advogado (ius postulandi) perante a Justiça do Trabalho, mais especificamente diante das alterações trazidas pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45/2004. O trabalho inicia-se por uma narrativa histórica que descreve o caminho traçado pelo instituto, desde sua criação até os dias de hoje, demonstrando que desde cedo houve problemas em relação à sua utilização. Após, cuida-se de analisar brevemente o novo quadro trazido pela Emenda já citada, evidenciando, sobretudo, o aumento substancial de matérias complexas que foram trazidas ao crivo do Judiciário Trabalhista. Em seguida, demonstra-se que, ao seguir a lógica da maioria da doutrina, ficaria autorizada a utilização do ius postulandi também para estes novos temas. Tal situação, prosseguimos, tornou polêmica a permanência do instituto no ordenamento, especialmente se levada em consideração uma análise que tenha como ponto principal a idéia do acesso à justiça. Depois, corroborando a tese, examinam-se alguns aspectos práticos da questão, descrevendo-se pontos relacionados ao ius postulandi quando efetivamente utilizado em uma Sala de Audiências. Ao final, trata-se de assuntos correlatos ao tema, indicando medidas que devem correr em paralelo à questão envolvendo citado instituto, para que se possa efetivamente buscar à situação mais justa para a parte. Conclui-se, assim, a dissertação, com a apresentação dos argumentos finais e o posicionamento no sentido da inaplicabilidade do ius postulandi em matéria trabalhista / The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss the ius postulandi (the right to claim without legal assistance) with regard to the Labor Law, especially concerning the modifications arisen out of Constitutional Amendment No. 4512004. The paper begins with a historical narrative that describes the evolution of ius postulandi in Brazil, and the problems related to its use, since its creation up to the present day. After that, it is briefly analyzed the new framework brought out by the Amendment, evidencing, in particular, the substantial increase of complex matters that were brought to the Labor Court Jurisdiction. Then, it is demonstrated that, by following the logic of the majority of the doctrine, it would also be authorized the use of ius postulandi for these new matters. Thereafter, this situation turned untenable the maintenance of the institute in the legal structure, once it can not resist to an analysis that takes as main topic the idea of the access to justice. Later, some practical aspects of such issue are analyzed, describing controversial topics related to the subject when effectively used in an Audience room. At the end, some corresponded topics concerning to ius postulandi are also analyzed, appointing altematives for granting non-restrictive access of justice for all employees and, consequently, reach the most fair to the party. The dissertation is concluded with the exposition of the final arguments and the position for the inapplicability of ius postulandi in Labor Courts in Brazil.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo tratar do direito de estar em juízo desacompanhado de advogado (ius postulandi) perante a Justiça do Trabalho, mais especificamente diante das alterações trazidas pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45/2004. O trabalho inicia-se por uma narrativa histórica que descreve o caminho traçado pelo instituto, desde sua criação até os dias de hoje, demonstrando que desde cedo houve problemas em relação à sua utilização. Após, cuida-se de analisar brevemente o novo quadro trazido pela Emenda já citada, evidenciando, sobretudo, o aumento substancial de matérias complexas que foram trazidas ao crivo do Judiciário Trabalhista. Em seguida, demonstra-se que, ao seguir a lógica da maioria da doutrina, ficaria autorizada a utilização do ius postulandi também para estes novos temas. Tal situação, prosseguimos, tornou polêmica a permanência do instituto no ordenamento, especialmente se levada em consideração uma análise que tenha como ponto principal a idéia do acesso à justiça. Depois, corroborando a tese, examinam-se alguns aspectos práticos da questão, descrevendo-se pontos relacionados ao ius postulandi quando efetivamente utilizado em uma Sala de Audiências. Ao final, trata-se de assuntos correlatos ao tema, indicando medidas que devem correr em paralelo à questão envolvendo citado instituto, para que se possa efetivamente buscar à situação mais justa para a parte. Conclui-se, assim, a dissertação, com a apresentação dos argumentos finais e o posicionamento no sentido da inaplicabilidade do ius postulandi em matéria trabalhista / The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss the ius postulandi (the right to claim without legal assistance) with regard to the Labor Law, especially concerning the modifications arisen out of Constitutional Amendment No. 4512004. The paper begins with a historical narrative that describes the evolution of ius postulandi in Brazil, and the problems related to its use, since its creation up to the present day. After that, it is briefly analyzed the new framework brought out by the Amendment, evidencing, in particular, the substantial increase of complex matters that were brought to the Labor Court Jurisdiction. Then, it is demonstrated that, by following the logic of the majority of the doctrine, it would also be authorized the use of ius postulandi for these new matters. Thereafter, this situation turned untenable the maintenance of the institute in the legal structure, once it can not resist to an analysis that takes as main topic the idea of the access to justice. Later, some practical aspects of such issue are analyzed, describing controversial topics related to the subject when effectively used in an Audience room. At the end, some corresponded topics concerning to ius postulandi are also analyzed, appointing altematives for granting non-restrictive access of justice for all employees and, consequently, reach the most fair to the party. The dissertation is concluded with the exposition of the final arguments and the position for the inapplicability of ius postulandi in Labor Courts in Brazil.