[pt] O trabalho analisa o papel das ordens honoríficas ao longo do Primeiro Reinado, entendendo-as como elementos fundamentais na constituição do Estado Imperial brasileiro. As condecorações eram concedidas pelo imperador a todos que prestassem serviços a ele e ao Estado, de forma que a larga utilização destes recursos permite entrever que D.Pedro os utilizava como instrumento de cooptação de alianças políticas, exercidas localmente. As ordens eram parte significativa das representações mentais daquela sociedade, pois elevavam hierarquicamente seus membros. Atendiam, portanto, ao desejo de distinção que permeava o tecido social pela existência de um forte sentimento aristocrático. A importância destes elementos é constatada não apenas pela quantidade de condecorações concedidas, mas também pela grande preocupação que estes suscitaram nas discussões promovidas no Parlamento e em veículos impressos. Aqueles que se dispuseram a discutir a constituição do novo Estado que se criava não deixaram de refletir sobre o papel destes instrumentos e suas ligações com o tipo de sociedade e de projeto político a eles ligados. / [en] The thesis analyzes the role of honorary orders during the First Reign, understanding them as a key element in the constitution of the Brazilian Imperial State. Those who received an award granted by the emperor were required to provide services to him and to the state, so that the widespread use of these resources shows that D.Pedro used it as an instrument to create political alliances locally constructed. The orders were a significant element of the mental representations of the Brazilian society on the nineteenth century, because its members ascend hierarchically. Thus it fulfilled the desire of distinction that permeated the society by the existence of a strong aristocratic feeling. The importance of these elements is evidenced not only by the amount of awards granted, but also by the major concern raised in the discussions of these elements held in Parliament and in media. Those who were willing to discuss the constitution of the new state reflected also on the role of these instruments and its links to the kind of society and political project associated with them.

The study aims to investigate the relationship between audit fees and non-audit fees to the economic performance of companies listed on BM & FBOVESPA. Therefore, we carried out a descriptive, document and quantitative research through the canonical correlation through StatGraphics® statistical software for the period 2010 to 2013. The study population was 615 companies and the sample included 319 companies in 2010, 312 in 2011, 307 in 2012 and 282 companies in 2013. Thus, in general, to analyze all the years together, the lower the audit fees and non-audit fees, the higher the ROA and ROE of smaller the companies analyzed. The control variables, size of the audited company, corporate governance level and auditing firm (BIG4) had relationship with economic performance, but only the size of the company showed a positive relationship. The only independent variable with the high strength of association with economic performance was the size of the company. The ROA also stood out above moderate association strength every year. Therefore, it is concluded that there was a relationship between audit fees and non-audit fees with economic performance. / El objetivo del estudio es verificar si hay relación entre los pagos de honorarios por auditoría y los pagos de honorarios por servicios que no son de auditoría, y el desempeño económico de las empresas en la BM&FBOVESPA. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación descriptiva, documental y cuantitativa usando un análisis de correlación canónica durante el periodo 2010-2013. La población del estudio fue de 615 empresas y la muestra comprendió a 319 empresas en el 2010, 312 en el 2011, 307 en el 2012 y 282 empresas en el 2013. Los resultados demostraron que cuanto menor eran los honorarios por auditoría y por servicios adicionales a la auditoría, mayor era el ROA y menor era el ROE de las empresas analizadas. Las variables de control, el tamaño de la empresa auditada, nivel de gobierno corporativo y empresa auditora (BIG4) están relacionadas con el desempeño económico; pero solo el tamaño de la empresa presentó una relación positiva. La única variable independiente que tenía una gran asociación con el desempeño económico fue el tamaño de la empresa. El ROA también se vio afectado por encima del promedio en todos los años. Se concluyó que hubo una relación entre los pagos de honorarios por auditoría y los adicionales a la auditoría, y el desempeño económico. / O estudo objetiva verificar a relação entre honorários de auditoria e de honorários de não auditoria com o desempenhoeconômico de empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Para tanto, realizouse uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e quantitativa por meio da correlação canônica no período de 2010 a 2013. A população do estudo foi de 615 empresas e a amostra compreendeu 319 empresas em 2010, 312 em 2011, 307 em 2012 e 282 empresas em 2013. Os resultados demonstram que quanto menor os honorários de auditoria e os honorários de não auditoria, maior será o ROA e menor será o ROE das empresas analisadas. As variáveis de controle, tamanho da empresa auditada, nível de governança corporativa e empresa de auditoria (BIG4) apresentaram relação com o desempenho econômico, porém, somente o tamanho da empresa apresentou relação positiva. A única variável independente que teve força de associação alta com o desempenho econômico foi o tamanho da empresa. O ROA também se destacou com força de associação acima de moderada em todos os anos. Concluise que houve relação entre os honorários de auditoria e honorários de não audi-toria com o desempenho econômico.

The thesis deals with the present functions of the honorary consuls and their importance to the business diplomacy and international trade. The general part is focused on the historical development of the consular representation, the codification of the international law related to the consular relations and business diplomacy. The practical part analyzes the results obtained by questionnaire from the Czech honorary consuls.

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The study examines the formation and development of Chinese American populations in Augusta, Savannah, and Atlanta, Georgia from the beginnings of Chinese Exclusion period through the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965. Although people of Chinese ancestry were in an ambiguous position upon their arrival in the 1880s within the black-white dyad that defined southern race relations, they were able to negotiate this system, transforming themselves from being perceived as “outsiders” before the 1940s to being treated as “honorary whites” by the late 1960s. To explore this transition, this project analyzes generational differences between immigrants and their children. Before the 1920s, the mostly Chinese immigrant male population concerned themselves with establishing viable businesses for sending remittances back to family in China and creating social institutions that helped the men cope with decades of separation from their families. The men avoided possible conflict with Jim Crow by having their businesses and residences in black or immigrant areas. Some men cultivated better relations with whites by attending Sunday schools that catered to Chinese immigrants. The mutation from “outsider” to “honorary white” status began when prosperous Chinese men started sending for wives to join them in the 1910s, thus ushering in a new pattern of planned long-term settlement in the state. Families successfully challenged the older perception by joining white churches, enrolling their children in white schools, and building social ties with white community leaders. Second generation Chinese Americans reaped the benefits of this strategy in the 1950s and 1960s by gaining access to housing in white neighborhoods, employment opportunities in white-collar occupations, and acceptance as partners in marriages with European Americans.

The aim of this study is to understand which strategies helped women escape honourbased violence, by reading the autobiographies of seven women. Honourbased violence is a relatively new problem in Sweden, but it has existed for a long time. According to FN (2012) 5000 women are murdered every year in the name of honour. Honourbased violence is about maintaining the honour of the family. Womens sexuality is connected to men´s honour, and because of that they are not allowed to express it. They are being under constant control and surveillance by their family, to make sure they don´t violate the line. The father of the family has the right to make all the decisions of the whole family. In some cases, this leads to woman wanting liberation and successfully escape, starting a new life. In this study we wanted to investigate which persons and organizations meant the most to those women, during their journey. The study also investigates which strategies they used to become free. To help us analyze our result we used a theory based on power. We mean that honourbased violence rely on power and it´s structures, to maintain men´s power over women. We used a qualitative method using textual analyses. Results show that both single individuals and also organizations helped them escape. The most important strategies turned out to be hope, acceptance, denial, isolation, escape, resistance and even suicide attempt.

The study examines the formation and development of Chinese American populations in Augusta, Savannah, and Atlanta, Georgia from the beginnings of Chinese Exclusion period through the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965. Although people of Chinese ancestry were in an ambiguous position upon their arrival in the 1880s within the black-white dyad that defined southern race relations, they were able to negotiate this system, transforming themselves from being perceived as “outsiders” before the 1940s to being treated as “honorary whites” by the late 1960s. To explore this transition, this project analyzes generational differences between immigrants and their children. Before the 1920s, the mostly Chinese immigrant male population concerned themselves with establishing viable businesses for sending remittances back to family in China and creating social institutions that helped the men cope with decades of separation from their families. The men avoided possible conflict with Jim Crow by having their businesses and residences in black or immigrant areas. Some men cultivated better relations with whites by attending Sunday schools that catered to Chinese immigrants. The mutation from “outsider” to “honorary white” status began when prosperous Chinese men started sending for wives to join them in the 1910s, thus ushering in a new pattern of planned long-term settlement in the state. Families successfully challenged the older perception by joining white churches, enrolling their children in white schools, and building social ties with white community leaders. Second generation Chinese Americans reaped the benefits of this strategy in the 1950s and 1960s by gaining access to housing in white neighborhoods, employment opportunities in white-collar occupations, and acceptance as partners in marriages with European Americans.

This thesis aims to analyse the problems concerning the reorganization of the Swedish consulary system, which took place right after the Swedish entry in the European Union in 1995. This thesis shows the underlying debate in the Parliament before the changes. It also discusses which factors caused the reorganisation. My work focuses on the Swedish consulary representation in Spain which exist of an embassy in Madrid and 20 underlying honorary consulates. The consulates are not foreign authorities but are still handeling a lot of cases as an govenmental authority. This add to the fact that the assignment as an consul is unpaid makes the case with the honorary consulates even more complex. The thesis analyses the problems with the implementaty chain and it also sees to the consul´s role. The consul works as a burecrate right under the Embassay, which in their turn works under the Foreign Affair departement (UD) in Stockholm. The role is quite complex and has to be seen in both a top- down and an bottom- up perspective, taking consideration to the local conditions. Threw a metod of interviews and empirical research is my intention to analyse the role of the counsul, the power of the authorities and the legitimacy of the consulary activities with the help of theories from Michael Lipsky’s Street- Level bureaucracy, Guy Peter’s management thinking and Max Weber’s legitimacy thoughts. The result of the analysis indicates that there are some problems with the Swedish consulary activities of today. The system is not a long- term solution and it has to be rechanged to be both effective and durable. The opinions of the future consulary system are diverging and they suggest different courses of development even though most of the involved proclaims that a changing is needed in one way or another.

No description available.