1 Abstract Block exemptions are very specific institute of competition law but although they have existed in European law for many decades, their application is not well-known in public. Certain activities in an economic competition were generally considered distorting the free competition and thus being undesirable so the EU institutions decided to prohibit them unless otherwise provided. The cartels and state aid generally bring imbalance and unfair conditions in the internal market, but there are certain circumstances which justify their usage and allowance in some cases. The actions, which are allowed due to their specific circumstances and under certain conditions, are provided in the form of so called block exemptions. Block exemptions are issued in two areas of competition law, agreements between undertakings and state aid. Agreements between undertakings, i.e. cartels, which affect the business in the internal market, are prohibited by Art. 101 (1) TFEU and the block exemptions determine the categories of cartels which can be allowed. On the other side, the state aid is only considered as incompatible with the internal market in Art. 107 (1) TFEU. According to Art. 108 (1, 3) TFEU, the Commission has to be notified by Member States about every state aid which is scheduled to be provided in advance...

This thesis research relations between Czechoslovakia and the Mongolian People's Republic during the normalization process. The work is focused on the transformation of relations between both countries from the Prague Spring period to the revocation of Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal in 1984. The remaining five chapters, covering the time scope of foreign policy, monitor economical relationships, ideological and cultural section of Czechoslovak-Mongolian relations during the normalization process. The content of the thesis draws chiefly primary sources: government delegations, period articles, official reports, cultural campaigns and other archival material. Thanks to these sources it was possible to authentically describe relations of both countries

The French President Nicolas Sarkozy is presented in the long term as the head of state with a strong media influence and strong media manipulation ability. This tendency is moreover not rare in the field of politics, and it can have a strong impact on society. That is why it seems appropriate to devote attention to this topic within media studies. The aim of this thesis is to find out, based on the content-study of three Czech national newspapers, how Czech journalists deal with the topic of the French presidency - do they have their specific sources, how do they cope with information from the Élysée Palace, do they use the same sources, do they create stereotypes about Nicolas Sarkozy etc. Qualitative analysis of the articles is supplemented by findings from interviews with the journalists themselves. The thesis has two main parts. In the first one, the overview of the available research in the field of agenda-setting and news coverage sociology is offered, literature is also presented, which deals with the influence of President Sarkozy and the issues affecting French journalists' work. The second part presents the analysis of the daily newspapers' material, which makes it possible to see the current trends in journalists' work with sources. The findings are supplemented by information from the...

The aim of the present thesis is to examine an impact of reproductive and recording technique and of the global network of the Internet on the institute of collective management of copyright and related rights which forms traditional part of the system of copyright law. Firstly, the thesis embeds an issue of the institute of collective management into the appropriate legal framework and historical context. The delimitation of collective management's purpose follows; an emphasis is placed on the position of the collective manager of copyright as an intermediary between the competing interests of the right holders and interests of users. It is explained that the change of manners of communication of the work to the public from "point-to-mass" to "point-to-point" tends to weaken such position. The real and legal monopoly of collective management is scrutinized and conclusions of academics drawn from the coexistence of copyright management companies on the market in the United States are contrasted in the following part of the thesis. The issue with licenses is addressed. The collision between the potential ubiquity of works made available on the Internet and the principle of territoriality (lex loci protectionis) is described and, simultaneously, legal issues connected with functioning of the system...

Supervision over public tenders This diploma thesis focuses on explanation and evaluation of the activity of the Office for the Protection of Competition as the authority entitled to assess complience with the Act no. 137/2006 Coll., on Public Contracts, during the process of public procurement. The thesis evaluates quality of legislative regulation on the supervision over public tenders and atempts to define problematic aspects of the matter and tries to suggest their solution. After an introductory part the thesis is devided into three main chapters. The goal of the first chapter is to provide necessary outline of terminology used by the Act no. 137/2006 Coll., on Public Contracts, including the key term of supervision over public tenders and the outline of the basic principles which the whole system of public procurement proceedings stands on. The first chapter also considerates important aspects of previous and current legislation. In chapter two I deal with the functioning of supervising activity over public tenders. It was necessary to outline general concepts of supervision including their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this chapter focuses on outlining the scope of activities by which the Office for the Protection of Competition provided and which have been significantly...

Block Exemptions represent means of exemption from the prohibition of restrictive agreements set by the Article 101 (1) TFEU. The main aim of my thesis is to analyze and describe the development of an approach to block exemptions and to present how the block exemptions work in practice. Generally, block exemptions are issued in the form of Block Exemption Regulations according to Article 101 (3) TFEU. The wording of this provision specifies the conditions under which certain types of agreements may be exempted from the prohibition set by Article 101 (1) TFEU. Regulations are issued by the Council or by the Commission, which is more often. If an agreement accomplishes the criteria laid down in a block exemption regulation, there is no need to notify that agreement individually because the agreement is automatically valid and effective. The thesis is composed of six chapters. The first two chapters are introductory. Chapter One refers to the protection of competition in general. Subsequently, Chapter Two deals with main exemptions from the prohibition of restrictive agreements, such as agreements exempted from the prohibition under Article 101 (3) TFEU or the de minimis rule of exemption from the prohibition. Chapter Three, which is subdivided into three parts, explains the development of the...

The thesis explores the influence of economic recession and recovery on strategy of courier, express and parcel service providers and on a change of the service portfolio. It then focuses on the development of the supply chain caused by increasing volume of small consignment. The thesis also analyzes the impact of the economic crisis on employment and turnover of selected service providers.

Title: Competition Protection in Network Industries Abstract: I provide description of relevant markets within electroenergy industry in European countries since after liberalization movements of the last 20 years the development of these markets open new issues in antimonopoly legislation to be passed and in antimonopoly practice to be solved. The key term of any antimonopoly issue is the relevant market. Hence, its definition as provided by case law of European Commission and European Courts is crucial for companies as well as regulators to understand in order to be able to pursue their activities. As I show, after 20 or so years, the countries of the EU at least in electroenergy area are no closer to the Single Market as they were at the beginning of 90s before liberalization of electricity markets began and there is no sign of improvement for year to come. This thesis provides an overview (the tools and analyses) that can be used to explore individual national relevant markets in the area of electroenergy business. For further research it is worth exploring detailed analysis of relationship between price development and degree of competition, phasing of market opening, protection of small consumers and RES support within individual national energy systems. Keywords: competition, competition law and...

The purpose of the thesis is to answer the question whether the new legal rules set forth by the Directive 2014/104/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 November 2014 on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of the European Union and its transposition into Act. No. 262/2017 Coll., on Damages in the Field of Competition, as amended, is able to provide for more effective private enforcement of competition law by all injured parties compared to present. The thesis is composed of eight chapters, except from the introduction and the conclusion, each of them analyzes the current regulation of private enforcement of competition law, evaluates it and proposes the possible solutions for securing the rights of injured parties. The second chapter describes the main differences and relationship between public and private enforcement of competition law. Since the competition law cases often includes the international element, the third chapter deals with the questions of international jurisdiction and applicable law and its importance for facilitating claims for damages by injured parties. The fourth chapter examines the scope of application of the above mentioned regulations. The fifth...

Topic of the thesis is the image of Czech far-right parties in Czech media prior to Elections to Chamber of Deputies in 2017. Aim of the thesis is to investigate how media displays far-right parties prior to the Elections in 2017, what the topics of media coverage are in regards of far- right and how the topics changed in the Elections in 2017 comparing with Elections in 2013. Using quantitative content analysis the thesis monitors texts with far-right topics in national daily newspapers Mladá fronta DNES, Lidové noviny, Právo and Hospodářské noviny in the periods prior to the Elections to Chamber of Deputies in 2017 and 2013. Author also uses qualitative analysis of specific texts. The parties followed in thesis are chosen based on definition of far-right by Cas Mudde and definition of right wing populism by Hans-Georg Betz. In the period prior to the Elections in 2017 the followed parties are: Dělnická strana sociální spravedlnosti; ROZUMNÍ - stop migraci a diktátu EU - peníze našim občanům, důchodcům, dětem, zdravotně postiženým; Svoboda a přímá demokracie - Tomio Okamura; Blok proti islamizaci - Obrana domova; Sdružení pro republiku - Republikánská strana Československa Miroslava Sládka and Řád národa - Vlastenecká unie. In the period prior to the Elections in 2013 the focus is on parties Úsvit...