L'analyse des accidents aériens fait ressortir ces dernières années le rôle crucial desopérateurs humains, et leurs erreurs qui peuvent avoir des conséquences dramatiques. Uncas particulier d’erreur humaine reste cependant peu abordé : la surdité inattentionnelle,c’est-à-dire l’incapacité temporaire à entendre, à prendre conscience d’une informationauditive. Dans le domaine de l’aéronautique, cette défaillance cognitive est évidementcritique, car elle signifie l’omission d’alarmes auditives. Le premier enjeu de ce projet derecherche est de définir des métriques comportementales et physiologiquescaractéristiques de la surdité inattentionnelle. Pour cela, nous nous sommes intéressés enparticulier à deux postes de travail fondamentaux de la sécurité aérienne et soumis à desalarmes auditives : le pilotage et le contrôle aérien. Nous avons cherché à mettre enévidence les conditions contextuelles favorisant l’apparition de la surdité inattentionnelle,notamment la charge de travail des opérateurs. Un second enjeu était d’identifier despistes d’adaptation des interfaces avec les pilotes et les contrôleurs aériens, permettant deprévenir ou limiter la surdité inattentionnelle à ces postes spécifiques. Pour répondre àcette problématique, 3 expériences ont été menées. La première a étudié l’impact de lacharge de travail sur le traitement des alarmes auditives lors d’une tâche d’atterrissage.Elle a permis de déterminer que la P300 était un indicateur de la surdité. La secondeexpérimentation a porté sur l’impact du design des alarmes visuelles sur les capacités detraitement cognitif des alarmes auditives, dans le cadre du contrôle aérien. Les résultatsnous ont montré une restauration de la P3b auditive avec le design visuel amélioré. Enfinla dernière expérience a testé la pertinence de mesures oculaires pour détecter lescontextes favorisant la surdité inattentionnelle. Ces résultats ouvrent des pistesprometteuses de prévention et de détection de la surdité inattentionnelle aux postescritiques de la sécurité aérienne. / The analysis of airplane accidents has recently highlighted the crucial role of humanoperators, their mistakes having potential dramatic consequences. A specific type ofhuman error remains little discussed: inattentional deafness, which is defined as thetemporary inability to hear or to become aware of auditory information. In aeronautics,this cognitive failure is obviously critical because it can lead to the omission of auditoryalarms. The first challenge of this research project is to define behavioral and physiologicalcharacteristics of inattentional deafness. For this purpose, we focused on the twofundamental jobs in aviation safety and subjected to auditory alarms: piloting and airtraffic control. We planned to highlight the contextual conditions favoring the appearanceof inattentional deafness, in particular the operators' workload. A second challenge was toidentify potential adaptation in the interfaces with pilots and air traffic controllers toprevent or limit the apparition inattentional deafness. To address these issues, threeexperiments were conducted. The first experiment studied the impact of workload on thetreatment of auditory alarms during a landing task. It was determined that P3b was anindicator of deafness. The second experiment focused on the impact of design visualalarms on cognitive processing abilities auditory alarms, as part of air traffic control. Theresults showed a restoration of auditory P300 with the enhanced visual design us. Finally,the last experiment tested the relevance of eye measurements to detect contexts favoringinattentional deafness. These results open promising possibilities for prevention anddetection of inattentional deafness in critical positions of aviation safety.

Alla SOLAS-fartyg har ett krav på att vara utrustade med ECDIS ombord fartygsbryggorna senast 1:a juli 2018 och de nya kraven blir en utmaning i kompetens för sjöfarten. Idag är ungefär 80% av alla olyckor som sker till sjöss orsakade av den mänskliga faktorn. Denna kvalitativa studie är fokuserad på hur operatören upplever handhavandet och ECDIS användarvänlighet ombord fartygsbryggorna. Resultaten av studien visar att det finns kunskapsklyftor mellan befälen till sjöss samt att det finns behov för utveckling av utbildningar och kraven för certifiering på ECDIS. Studien baseras på avgångsklassen på Sjökaptensprogrammet i Kalmar 2019 och aktiva sjöbefäls perspektiv och åsikter om användarvänlighet, utbildning, kompetens och säkerhet angående ECDIS. Studien tar även upp haverirapporter och belyser farorna med okunskap och felaktigt användande som direkt kan resultera i onödiga olyckor. / All ships regulated by SOLAS were required to have ECDIS onboard by 1st of July 2018, these new requirements pose a challenge in competence for the maritime industry. Today approximately 80% of accidents at sea are caused by the human factor. This qualitative study focuses on the operators experiences and the user-friendliness of ECDIS on the bridge. The results of the study indicates that knowledge gaps regarding ECDIS exists varying between officers and that improvement of the education can be done as well as revising the requirements for certification of ECDIS. The study is based on the graduating class of master mariners of 2019 in Kalmar and active officers’ perspective and opinions on user-friendliness, education, competency and safety regarding ECDIS. The study also entails maritime accidents and highlights the dangers of lack of knowledge and how the faulty use of ECDIS can lead to unnecessary accidents.

Based on the limited outcomes and often failed implementation processes of annual employee surveys a new phenomenon for collecting people data has risen; the pulsed employee survey. This survey and its continuous way of measuring are by many providers and consultants stated to be an important tool that increases employee engagement. The phenomenon of the pulsed employee survey has so far received limited academic attention, despite its growing importance as a potential institutionalized practice. Therefore, this study aims at broadening the understanding of the phenomenon of the pulsed employee survey. How is it transformed into organizations during an implementation process and can the process be seen as coupled or decoupled from the institutionalized practice? Further, what explains the potential coupling or decoupling? To investigate this, a model based on decoupling theories by Bromley & Powell(2012) has been used through a qualitative case study. The result shows that, even though the surveys are implemented into the organizations, means-ends decoupling can be found, whichmay be explained by the complexity of what is measured as well as the multifaceted expectations and perceptions at different organizational levels.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo se propÃe a analisar a organizaÃÃo social do trabalho na ordem burguesa, enfocando a relaÃÃo histÃrica entre os modelos produtivos e as formas de organizaÃÃo do trabalho humano e destacando os processos de melhoria da qualidade de vida no trabalho e as nuanÃas do trabalho alienado. Esta anÃlise parte de um levantamento sobre as transformaÃÃes socioeconÃmicas iniciadas com o Fordismo e segue o percurso histÃrico atà a ReestruturaÃÃo Produtiva, destacando, neste Ãltimo, o papel desempenhado pelo Estado Neoliberal. No segundo momento, fizemos um resgate histÃrico da organizaÃÃo do trabalho salientando as formas de inserÃÃo da classe trabalhadora atravÃs da exploraÃÃo de sua forÃa de trabalho e as formas de resistÃncias possÃveis em cada momento, percebendo os caminhos traÃados e conquistados para a melhoria das condiÃÃes de vida no trabalho. Depois de toda explanaÃÃo, refletimos sobre a apropriaÃÃo das teorias motivacionais e dos processos de melhoria da vida do trabalhador como uma estratÃgia para beneficiar o capital. No terceiro momento, partindo do pressuposto que a alienaÃÃo à parte constituinte do capitalismo e que tem um papel fundamental na desumanizaÃÃo do trabalhador, fizemos uma exposiÃÃo categorial e analisamos como os processos de qualidade de vida no trabalho e alienaÃÃo coexistem. Na anÃlise final, constatamos que nÃo podemos negar a importÃncia das melhorias das condiÃÃes fÃsicas, humanas e sociais do trabalho, entretanto, somente em uma outra forma de sociabilidade, com a organizaÃÃo social do trabalho livremente associada, o trabalhador irà superar a condiÃÃo de explorado, atravÃs da emancipaÃÃo de sua classe e de toda a humanidade em que todos poderÃo experimentar e vivenciar a autonomia plena. / This paper considers analyzing the social organization of the work in the bourgeois order, focusing the historical relation between the productive models and the forms of organization of the human work and detaching the processes of improvement of the quality of life in the work and nuances of the mentally ill work. This analysis originates from a survey on the social-economic transformations initiates with the Industrial Revolution and follows the historical passage analyzing the Fordismo and the Productive Reorganization, detaching in this last, the role played for the Neoliberal State. In the second moment, a historical rescue of the organization of the work was made pointing out the forms of insertion of the proletariat through the exploration of its force of work and the forms of possible resistance at each moment, perceiving the ways conquered tracings and for the improvement of the conditions of life in the work. After all explanation, we reflect on the appropriation of the motivation theories and the processes of improvement of the life of the worker as a strategy to benefit the capital. At the third moment, leaving of the estimated one that the alienation is part of the capitalism and that has a basic role in the negation of the humanity of the worker, we made a categorical exposition and we analyze as the processes of quality of life in the work and alienation walks side by side. In the final analysis, we evidence that we cannot deny the importance of the improvements of the physical conditions and the conditions of social and human of the worker, however, only in another form of sociability, with the social organization of the work freely associated, the worker will go to surpass the explored condition of, through the emancipation of the proletariat and all the humanity where everybody will be able to try and to live deeply the happiness to be free.

This work modifies Shamir’s algorithm by sharing a random key that is used to lock up the secret data; as against sharing the data itself. This is significant in cloud computing, especially with homomorphic encryption. Using web design, the resultant scheme practically globalises secret sharing with authentications and inherent secondary applications. The work aims at improving cybersecurity via a joint exploitation of human factors and technology; a human-centred cybersecurity design as opposed to technology-centred. The completed functional scheme is tagged CDRSAS. The literature on secret sharing schemes is reviewed together with the concepts of human factors, trust, cyberspace/cryptology and an analysis on a 3-factor security assessment process. This is followed by the relevance of passwords within the context of human factors. The main research design/implementation and system performance are analysed, together with a proposal for a new antidote against 419 fraudsters. Two twin equations were invented in the investigation process; a pair each for secret sharing and a risk-centred security assessment technique. The building blocks/software used for the CDRSAS include Shamir’s algorithm, MD5, HTML5, PHP, Java, Servlets, JSP, Javascript, MySQL, JQuery, CSS, MATLAB, MS Excel, MS Visio, and Photoshop. The codes are developed in Eclipse IDE, and the Java-based system runs on Tomcat and Apache, using XAMPP Server. Its code units have passed JUnit tests. The system compares favourably with SSSS. Defeating socio-cryptanalysis in cyberspace requires strategies that are centred on human trust, trust-related human attributes, and technology. The PhD research is completed but there is scope for future work.

Information security is one of the most essential concerns in today’s organizations. IT departments in larger organizations are tasked to implement security, by both ensuring to have pertinent hardware and software, and likewise enlighten, teach and educate organization’s employees about security issues. The aim of this research is to focus on the human factor of the organization, which impacts the security of the information, since technological solutions of technical problems become incomprehensible without human recognition about security. If the security is not addressed in firms, this might lead to essential data of the organization to be compromised. This study explores ways to enhance information security and improve the human factor by integrating the crucial information security elements in organizations. Social constructivist worldview is adopted throughout the study, and an inductive based - qualitative approach, a single case study design and hermeneutical analysis for analyzing the observations and interviews are utilized. The research setting for this study is Växjö Municipality in Sweden. The empirical investigation suggests that human factor plays an essential role in maintaining information security, and organizations can improve employees’ role by keeping their security policies up to date and find the best ways to disseminate that information. As a result, this research comes up with “information security human management model” for organizations.

Le Lean est une démarche qui consiste à éliminer les opérations à non-valeur ajoutée, utiliséepar les entreprises pour améliorer la performance des activités de production. Les entreprisesappliquant cette démarche observent des gains rapides sur le plan opérationnel mais,progressivement, certaines observent une chute des résultats opérationnels voire une dégradation dela santé des opérateurs. Nous cherchons à pallier ces limites et nous nous interrogeons sur la capacitédes acteurs de l’entreprise à les anticiper et à prendre des actions correctives. Pour cela, nous posonsla question du modèle de performance et de la prise de décision adoptés par les acteurs pour déployerle Lean. Nous proposons que les acteurs évaluent l’efficience des activités de production, transforméespar la démarche Lean, en prenant en compte non seulement la dimension opérationnelle de laperformance, mais aussi la dimension humaine intégrant l’activité de travail. Nous définissons unmodèle de performance qui supporte cette vision de l’Homme au travail « acteur ». Pour aider lesacteurs des entreprises à faire évoluer leur modèle de performance Lean existant, nous proposons uneméthodologie d’accompagnement basée sur une démarche de réingénierie intégrant unaccompagnement qui favorise l’évolution des représentations des acteurs au moyen d’unapprentissage sociocognitif. Cette méthodologie s’appuie sur un cadre et des outils de modélisationqui permettent de représenter les impacts de ce nouveau modèle de performance sur la prise dedécision et sur la pérennisation des bénéfices du lean. / Lean is an approach aiming at eliminating non-value added operations, used by companies to improve the performance of their production activities. Companies applying this approach are observing rapid gains in operational terms but gradually some observe a fall in operating results or a degradation of the health of work force. We seek to overcome these limits and we ask about the ability of those of the company to anticipate and to take corrective actions. For this, we question about the performance model and the decision adopted by corporate actors to deploy Lean. We propose thatcorporate actors evaluate the efficiency of production, processed by the Lean approach, taking into account not only the operational level of performance, but also the human dimension integrating realwork activity. We define a performance model that supports a kind of “actor” vision of man at work.To help corporate actors to change their existing model of Lean performance, we offer a support methodology based on a reengineering approach integrating coaching aimed at changing there presentations of the actors by a sociocognitive learning. This methodology is based on a framework and modeling tools to represent the impacts of this new performance model on the decision and on the sustainability of the lean benefits.

The presented doctoral thesis is focused on assessment of human factor impact on safety of industrial furnaces. Industrial furnaces are classified as machinery and belong to a group of industrial thermal equipment. The operation of industrial furnaces is burdened with the risks which the manufacturers and the furnace operators realize. The first part of the thesis presents an analysis of the current situation of legislation and scientific knowledges in the field of assessment of human factor impact on safety of industrial furnaces. In this part of the thesis the issue of human factor in other industrial branches: chemical industry, aviation and nuclear industry is also described. On the basis of conducted research the main aim of the thesis was established: preparation of a methodology for assessment of human factor impact on safety of industrial furnaces. Secondary targets were also listed. The second part deals with the assessment of risks connected with the operation of industrial furnaces and the assessment of human factor impact on safety of industrial furnaces. The furnace safety requirements, the process of furnaces risk assessment, the methods used for risk assessment and problems connected with the risk assessment are described. This part of the thesis explains the concept of human factor, presents a classification and description of the methods used for human reliability assessment, as well as the factors influencing the reliability of the operator. The third part of the thesis contains a proposed methodology for assessment of human factor impact on safety of industrial furnaces. Within the methodology performance shaping factors are stated, qualitative and quantitative assessment of human factor impact on safety of industrial furnaces is made and the system integration of the knowledges into the developed methodology is proposed – qualitative model for improvement of system state. The methodology is further verified on a real equipment – a hardening furnace.

This diploma thesis put its focus on dealing with risk management issues during the implementation of changes in a particular company with a focus on the human factor. The literature research is devoted to a professional description of topics related to the research issues of this diploma thesis. The following part describes the methods that were used to achieve the goal of the thesis. The next part distinguish the analysis of the current situation of the company, the design of measures that would minimize most of the risk factors and processes of the company. The last part presents a project for which risks are identified and possible measures are proposed in order to increase the probability of success.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of human failures during the risk activities. The aim of the work is to apply risk analysis to the operation of a selected unnamed company that processes vegetables. The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, the theoretical basis is discussed and serves as a basis for a better understanding of the topic and subsequent elaboration of the analytical part. The analytical part focuses on the characteristics of the selected company, organizational structure, working positions and the operation itself and analyses these issues with the focus on human factor. The last part of the diploma thesis is dealing with suggestions leading to the prevention of human failure in risk activities. The aim of these suggestions is to improve the situation of the company.