The aim of this thesis is summarising the issue of hospital related infections on intensive care units in district hospitals. This issue is greatly underestimated. The background section discusses the different types of healthcare acquired infection, where they are most commonly found and the most common types. They use statistical data to confirm these points. Within this section risk factors and preventive measures are also discussed. The researchers use a questionnaire to assess the intensive care units staff's knowledge of the procedures to prevent a healthcare acquired infection. The data is expressed using tables and graphs to aid clarity. The results of research reveal, that the staff all downgrade the prevalence and prevention of hospital acquired infections. Key words: Healthcare acquired infections / Nosocomial disease Prevention of hospital related diseases Hand hygiene Intensive care

The aim of the thesis is to describe methods which may be applied to develop a child's voice and its musicality within the first grade of a primary school. The thesis should be used as an inspirational teaching aid for teachers. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is based on scholarly literature and deals with voice hygiene, proper technique of singing (breathing, posture, non-overstraining of voice). Peripherally it also mentions voice disorders and proper voice preparation for singing. I would like to transfer (apply) the knowledge gained in the theoretical part into an elaborately developed theme plan in the practical part. The conclusion of the theoretical part deals with the development of child's rhythmic creativity. The practical part includes a theme plan compiled for the peroid fo a school year. I tis arranged according to particular months and embraces the description of various activities, which are used to fill each music lesson whithin the period of a school year.

Thesis deals with ?the issue of awareness of nosocomial infections from undergraduate students of Bachelor and Master degree from Health education field at the University of South Bohemia in the Czech Budejovice.? This is very timely topic as nosocomial infections are a global economic and clinical problem not only for the present time but also for the future. Thesis is divided into two parts. Details of nosocomial infections, epidemic processes, agents of these infections, hand hygiene, prevention, health education, healthy lifestyle, immunity and support options for immune system are described in the theoretical part. The practical part describes the research problem, formulates hypothesis and shows statistical methods for research. The aim of this thesis was to find out the awareness of nosocomial infections from students of Bachelor and Master degree of VKZ at JU in the Czech Budejovice. Further I tried to compare this knowledge with respect to the age, education and field in which they act. I am trying to find out the possible way of prevention, personal protection against nosocomial infections moreover subjective perception of information related to this problem from respondents. I used the basic way of collecting data for achievement the given aim such as questionnaire in the aim group. There were used basic statistical methods suitable for analysis of categorical data. These results are illustrated in pie chart and bar chart for better interpretation. Test of the main hypothesis and working hypotheses are statistically made by 2 ? test. There was used Fisher factorial test in case there would be break prerequisite for correct usage of the previous test. The results of these tests are interpreted on the base of , with 95 % of reliability. I set this hypothesis in my thesis: ? Better knowledge will have students whose high school education was connected with the problems of health care. ? The result shows better knowledge for these students than for students from other high school however this difference was not statistically important. From all tests was found out that all students know the right definition of nosocomial infection however they have significantly less information related to the prevention against nosocomial infection. This thesis should give us food for thought about this problem and should change the attention to the health and the health of others and the possibility of further education.

This diploma thesis is focused on the prevention and monitoring of healthcare-associated infections at the Hospital Prachatice, a.s. The main objective was to describe current situation in the field of prevention of nosocomial infections in this hospital. I focused on verification of medical personnel knowledge of nosocomial infections, the work of cleaners and the quality of hand hygiene of medical personnel. Diploma thesis is focused on the 4 selected departments of the hospital department of internal medicine, gynecology-obstetric department, surgical department and ARO and ICU. Thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The present knowledge about the healthcare-associated infections are processed in the theoretical part. To obtain all needed information was used domestic and foreign professional literature. The practical part was about the observation and the short research in the Hospital Prachatice, a.s. The research part was combined. The qualitative method including short interviews with the cleaners was combined with a quantitative method. Within this quantitative method have been used short questionnaires, which were intended for nurses. With these questionnaires I tried to find out their basic knowledge about nosocomial diseases and how they prevent them. The microbiological department of the Hospital Prachatice, a.s. was helpful in monitoring the quality of hand hygiene through method of microbiological fingerprinting. The questionnaires were handed out to nurses which worked on shift in that time on four mentioned departments of hospital. I return total 32 questionnaires back. Questionnaire had 11 questions and my plan was find out the basic knowledge of nurses about the issue. Interviews were conducted with cleaners working on focused departments where the research took place. The microbial fingerprints of hands were collected from medical staff on current work shift including doctors and cleaners. The fingerprints were made on blood agar where after 24-hours of incubation the colonies of bacteria were evaluated. None of the fingerprints was completely negative. I determined totaly 4 research questions: 1. Are all workers of selected hospital departments well informed about nosocomial diseases? 2. What is the hygiene quality of hands among medical staff? 3. On what hygienic level is job of cleaners how often they are cleaning, which way and how often they are changing the working equipment and are the all hygiene criterions followed? 4. How is manipulated with laundry? The results of the questionnaires was surprised for me because most of the medical personnel correctly answered all the asked questions. It was found a total 16 kinds of gram+ and gram microorganisms during a hand hygiene by microbial fingerprints. Most occurred findings was Staphylococcus epidermidis and Microccocus species. In two cases occurred a epidemiologically significant Staphylococcus aureus, which in both cases was found among cleaners. From my observation, investigation and interviews with cleaners I can infer that the work they are doing, they do really conscientiously and normally the health regulations are not violated. Further was found that the manipulation with laundry in Hospital Prachatice, a.s. is in accordance with the hygiene requirements for medical devices. What is important is the effective education of personnel in the prevention of infections and supervision of compliance of mandated procedures.

This diploma thesis deals about the points at issue of the psycho-social strain with people taking care of the person dependant on the care of other physical person in the home background. The problems of family home helps in the natural millieu of an individual dependant on the care are getting more and more actual. The aim of this diploma thesis lies in defining the decisive factors of the psycho-social strain on the persons caring of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background. The partial aim is to find out in which areas the persons taking care of persons dependant on the asistence of other physical person in the home background feel the increased strain. Another partial aim is to find out whether the persons taking care of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background know and apply the principles of mental hygiene. Following the aims of the diploma thesis, there are postulated two research questions. The research question 1: Which kind of stress do the caring persons consider the most relevant in their job? The research question 2: Which possible symptoms of burnt-out effect do the caring persons observe on themselves? The practical part of the diploma thesis is worked out in the form of qualitative research. The method of inquiry and the technique of semi-structuralized interview were used for the purposes of the research. Furthermore, the technique of observation was applied. The research was implemented with the Inventory of symptoms of burnt-out effect adapted for the purpose of this research. The selected file is formed of eight persons taking care of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background who complied with the pre-set criteria; the method of so-called "snowball" was chosen. The gained data were evaluated by the method of open coding. The research pointed out the facts and risks that the realization of the care of a person dependant on the care of other physical person in the home background is carrying out. The research pointed out the areas in which these persons feel the increased strain. The area of physical exertion in caring, the consciousness of responsibility in connection with caring, the area of communication and understanding a person dependant on the care and facing up to the fate and watching helplessness are demanding the most for the caring persons. It was found out from the evidences that caring persons consider this activity stressful; they feel both acute and chronical stress during the execution of the care, they feel it in connection with the lack of time and with the responsibility, in connection with the fears of future, but also in connection with not coping with the past. Family and friends, that provide both psychical support and assistence in the realization of the care, help most the persons caring of persons dependant on the care to deal with the demands of this care. As well as solitude and rest, sport activities and culture help them. In connection with caring the engaged persons have the feeling of doing a good thing, but also the feelings of sorrow, doubts and despairs. Those caring persons who perceive the risky factor of burnt-out effect can observe its symptoms on the emotional, rational, physical and social level on themselves. This thesis can contribute to understanding the importance of work of caring persons in the home background. It will deliver the information about the relevant factors of psycho-social strain on the persons taking care of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background. Moreover, it can contribute to the eventual development of services corresponding to the needs of the persons taking care of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background.

The diploma thesis deals with problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities. The thesis is a theoretical one; it has been processed by means of review and synthesis. In this thesis, four objectives were set, namely to create a comprehensive overview of the problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities. Other objectives were to map and analyze clinically relevant sites of transmission and possibilities of prevention of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities and to propose recommendations for the prevention of these infections. The thesis is divided into several chapters that deal with the characteristics of healthcare-associated infection, focusing on the causative agents, formation, spreading and prevention. It also deals with particular nursing activities. The first chosen activity was the care of medical devices intended for repeated use, with a particular focus on the implementation of their disinfection. Secondly, hand sanitation as a basic factor affecting the transmission of healthcare-associated infection activity was selected. This chapter deals primarily with the hygienic hand disinfection, its indications, methods and implementation of disinfection products. It also deals with strategies for improving hand hygiene and glove use in providing nursing care. As the third nursing activity, aseptic techniques, which are an essential part in providing nursing care, were chosen. The thesis describes three specific clinical nursing procedures: aseptic collection of venous blood from a peripheral vein, preparation and administration of a drug into an existing peripheral venous catheter, and uncomplicated (aseptic) wounds dressing. Processing of the thesis was based on a range of relevant sources from the Czech Republic but also from abroad. It also contains various recommendations of national and international institutions. The thesis can serve as a basis for more effective prevention of healthcare-associated infection in certain areas.

My thesis became Occupational safety and health, the requirements of which are regulated primarily in Act no. 262/2006 Coll., The Labour Code. Information regarding safety and health at work are given but also in numerous other legislation and government regulation. The thesis is processed in such a way as to assist staff to ensure health and safety at work both in the public sphere, but also in local government, and also for professionals and small and medium-sized enterprises. The most important essence of this work is to define the legislation relating to accidents at work, which is summarized in the theoretical part. In conclusion, it gives statistics of occupational injuries by evaluating and proposing possible changes and improvements.

Thesis is focused on aspects of nursing care in a child hematooncology and their impact on nurses. Cancer by children in the Czech Republic are the second leading cause of death in childhood. The incidence of childhood cancer has increased at the beginning of the second half of last century by about 1 % per year, but since the late 80 years is no longer apparent increase in incidence. Tumors in children most often arise in hematopoietic tissue and ranks at the top of the various types of tumors in children. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes the problems in each chapter hematooncology children, hospitalized child and his needs, the role of nurses, mental and physical workload, burnout and mental hygiene. The practical part was the task of verifying three goals. The first objective was to find out the specifics of children's nurses work hematooncology. The second objective was to find out what demands are made for nurses working in child hematooncology. The third objective was to find out how nurses working in this department handle mental stress. To achieve the objective method was used qualitative research project, in the form of two half standardized interview and standardized questionnaires. The research sample consisted of thirteen nurses working on the unit hematoonklogie children. Of which there were three sisters from České Budějovice Hospital, two nurses from University Hospital Motol in Prague, five sisters from the University Hospital Brno and three nurses from University Hospital Olomouc. It emerged from research that nurses consider the work of the department for children hematooncology very professional. The specifics of their department nurses find different ways. The greatest majority of respondents consider the specifics of the presence of parents in the nursing department, long-term hospitalization of children and work with cytostatics. Demands on the work of nurses according to their testimony are significant. Their work places increased demands on the skills and manual dexterity. They consider the greatest burden as the psychological burden, especially in the care of a child with end stage, and his subsequent death. The interviews revealed that most nurses in the department are satisfied. They consider their work is very diverse and specific. The output of the thesis will be creating a Power Point presentation (Annax n. 7) that will be used as presentation material at the Fifth International Conference on Present and Future of Nursing and Midwifery, which will be held on 6 - 7 September 2012 in the České Budějovice. It is planned to make these materials and technical paper subsequently published in peer-reviewed medical journal with the theme.

Thesis deals with the problem of the older school age boys dental injuries in České Budějovice region. The injury means: ?sudden damage of the health by effect of external factors which exceed adaptation options of the human body?. In the sphere of dental injuries the children is the most jeopardized group of population. The most often reason for the children injuries is their imperfect stability. In case of older children and young people there are injuries mostly caused by sport. Teoretical part of my thesis is focused on definition of older school age as well as on anatomy and teeth physiology. The part of thesis also is the enumeration of dental injuries and its treatment. I also mention prosthetic dentistry and the influence of accidents on individual physical and mental health. At the end of teoretical part there is mentioned process of the injured examination, posttraumatic dental hygiene and patient nutrition after teeth accident. Research part finds with the help of questionnaire survey the kinds of dental accidents, circumstances of injuries formation and the influence of accidents on individual physical and mental health in specific age category. The questionnaire survey was evaluated and processed in grafical part of thesis. The part of thesis also is health and educational material which helps to rise the quality of dental hygiene and also contributes to the prevention of dental accidents formation of second degree students at primary schools.

The thesis deals with hygiene of educational process and sources of school strain. Theoretical part describes learning, socialization, human needs, specifics and risk of puberty, school strain and its sources, nature of reactions to stress, issue of class climate and abuse. Part of theoretical part deals with prevention and health promotion. Two main objectives have been determined: 1. Map subjective perception of each factors of hygiene of educational process, 2. Investigate the most common sources of school strain which influences health of ninth-grade pupils. Quantitative research methods have been selected for the practical part. Data was obtained through anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of twenty questions, the first two are identifiable (gender, age) and the remaining eighteen questions are focused on fading of subjective perceptions of the factors of the educational process. Preliminary research on twenty respondents was made before the start of the survey. Collection of questionnaires was made in February and March 2013. Data were evaluated in MS Excel and the results are presented in graphical and tabular form. The research group consisted of ninth-grade pupils of primary schools in Pardubice. The sampling frame was selected by simple random sampling. Each fifteen primary schools were properly numbered and then five of them were drawn lots of a hat. In total, 300 questionnaires were distributed. Although the response rate was 100%, 68 questionnaires remained unfilled, so 232 copies (77%) was evaluated in the practical part. Of the 232 respondents,106 respondents (46%) registered male and 126 respondents (54%) enrolled female. Age of probands was between fourteen into sixteen years. The paper outlines two hypothesis: H1. The boys are satisfied with the quality of the physical factors of the educational process more than girls, H2. The girls suffer subjective health problems more often than boys. For testing of both hypothesis was selected two sample test of significance for the mean value of two sample sizes (Student´s t-test). To verify H1 was necessary to use evaluation of four closed questions related to physical factors of the educational process (illumination, noise, air quality, air temperature). Testing of H2 was mediated by data obtained from question that map frequency of health problems.Because there is no difference between the sexes in the studied phenomena, the expected hypothesis were rejected. The results of this thesis show that pupils are more dissastified with the quality of school furniture than with the quality of physical factors. Non-school breaks from teachers is a fundamental problem. More than 50% of respondents recorded this adverse effect. The issue of homework can not be ignored neither. More than 46% of pupils record having a homework every day or several times a week. Perceptions of pupils that are recorded in the results of thesis and then confronted in discussion may be used as a source of informatiion for teachers of primary schools who will be able to compare the results of the research with data obtained from their primary school.