Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

Darbo tikslas - nustatyti ir palyginti Kauno miesto privačiose ir valstybinėse odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose besilankančių pacientų burnos higienos raštingumo lygį bei palyginti jį su burnos higienistų funkcijomis. Tyrimo metodika: Tai momentinis tyrimas, kurio metu buvo įvertintas 2 privačiose bei 2 valstybinėse odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose pas burnos higienistą apsilankiusių asmenų burnos higienos raštingumo lygis bei burnos higienistų atliekamos funkcijos. Iš viso apklausta 400 respondentų. Duomenų statistinis patikimumas įvertintas χ² testu. Rezultatai: Burnos higienos neraštingumas nustatytas 39 proc. privačiose ir 51,5 proc. valstybinėse odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose tirtiems asmenims, funkcinis lygis nustatytas 44 proc. privačiose bei 34,5 proc. valstybinėse, interaktyvusis 14 proc. privačiose ir 12,5 proc. valstybinėse, o kritinis burnos higienos raštingumo lygis vos - 3 proc. privačiose bei 1,5 proc.valstybinėse įstaigose apklaustų respondentų. Kuo dažniau respondentai nurodė, kad juos burnos higienistai „visada“ moko taisyklingos burnos ertmės priežiūros, individualiai pritaiko burnos ertmės priežiūros priemones bei rekomenduoja naudoti papildomas priemones, konsultuoja savo pacientus, informuoja juos apie esamas burnos ertmės organų problemas bei nukreipia pas kitus specialistus, tuo aukštesnis respondentų burnos higienos raštingumo lygis. Išvados: Aukštesnis burnos higienos raštingumo lygis buvo nustatytas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study - was to set and compare the oral hygiene literacy levels of patients in Kaunas private and state dental care institutions. In addittion, the work compares patients‘ oral hygiene literacy level with dental hygienists‘ functions. Methods: It was a cross - sectional survey, which evaluated oral hygiene literacy levels of patients in 2 private and 2 state dental care institutions as well as the functions of dental hygienists. Overall 400 respondents were examined. The statistical significants has been evaluated with χ² test. Results : Oral hygiene illiteracy has been determined for 39 percent in private and 51.5 percent in state dental clinics. Futhermore, functional level can be stated being 44 percent in private and 34.5 percent in state institutions; interactive level 14 percent and 12.5 percent respectively; while critical level is barely - 3 percent in private and 1.5 percent in state sector of questioned respondents. The oral hygiene literacy level correlates highly with dental hygienists‘ functions. The more patients have indicated that the hygienists always teach correct oral hygiene behavior, apply individual means of dental care and recomend using addtional ones, they both consult and inform their patients about present dental problems and redirect them to other dental specialists the higher their oral hygiene literacy level. Conclucions: Respondents in private dental clinics can be claimed to have higher oral hygiene literacy level in comparison... [to full text]

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan personlighet och normativt beteende, i denna studie definierat som hygienbeteende i följandet av rekommendationer för COVID-19. Studien undersökte även sambandet mellan personlighet och rädsla för COVID-19, samt könsskillnader i hygienbeteende och rädsla för COVID-19. Studiematerialet utgjordes av svaren från en enkät (N = 160). Enkäten mätte personlighet utifrån NEO-FFI-3 och rädsla för COVID-19 (FCV-19S), samt följandet av rekommendationer för COVID-19 (hygienbeteende). Resultaten visade att hög grad av målmedvetenhet korrelerade positivt till att följa rekommendationerna och att hög grad av känslomässig instabilitet och vänlighet korrelerade positivt med rädsla för COVID-19. Studien fann även att kvinnor rapporterade högre i rädsla för COVID-19, samt en högre anpassning i beteende för att följa rekommendationerna. Resultaten går i linje med tidigare forskning, men framtida forskning bör vidare undersöka sambandet mellan personlighet och rädsla för COVID-19, samt om det kan finnas kulturella skillnader. / The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between personality and normative behavior, defined as compliance to recommendations, and the relationship between personality and fear of COVID-19. The study also examined gender differences in compliance to recommendations and fear of COVID-19. The sample consisted of Swedish university students (N = 160). Questionnaires were used to collect data, and it measured personality (NEO-FFI-3), fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and compliance to recommendations. The results showed that individuals with high scores on conscientiousness were more likely to comply with the recommendations. High scores on neuroticism and agreeableness were positive correlated with high fear for COVID-19. Women reported higher fear for COVID-19 and were more likely to comply with the recommendations. These results are in line with previous research, but future research need to investigate the relationship between personality and fear of COVID-19 and if there are any cultural differences.

In recent years, much focus has been put on the sustainability of water and sanitation development projects. Experts in this field have found that many of the projects of the past have failed to achieve sustainability because of a lack of demand for water and sanitation interventions at a grassroots level. For years projects looked to create this demand through various subsidy schemes, with the "software" of behavior change and education taking a backseat to the "hardware" of infrastructure provision. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a fairly new way of looking at the issues of increasing basic sanitation coverage, promoting good hygiene practices, and facilitating the change in behaviors that is necessary for a level of basic sanitation coverage to be sustained for any significant length of time. CLTS looks to get people to come to the realization that open defecation is dangerous, and that they have to power to stop this practice. The purpose of this research study was to assess the water, sanitation, and hygiene situation on the ground in villages that through CLTS have achieved open defecation free (ODF) status in the Mopti region of Mali, West Africa. This assessment was done through a willingness-to-pay study, that showed how important sanitation infrastructure was in the daily lives of villagers in this region of Mali. This research study also examines any possible correlations between certain socioeconomic data and willingness-to-pay. A questionnaire was developed and completed with 95 household heads spread across 6 of the 21 ODF villages in the region. The results of this research study show that the behavior change brought about by CLTS was sustained. Every household in the study had at least one latrine (total latrines = 186), or had access to a neighbor's latrine because theirs had recently collapsed. Of these latrines 82.3% were reported as meeting the Malian nation government requirements of basic sanitation. 89.3% of the observed latrines were built by the participant families themselves using predominately materials that could be found in or harvested from the local environment (e.g., mud, rocks, sticks). Fifty-three percent of the latrines were built completely free of cost, and of the 88 latrines that were paid for in part or in whole the average cost was about US $13.00. The majority of the participants (64.2%) in the research study reported making improvements and maintaining their latrines, clearly showing the importance of sanitation infrastructure in the 6 study villages. The average cost of this maintenance was about US $1.50. Alongside of willingness-to-pay data, more qualitative data were collected on the relative importance of sanitation infrastructure in the daily lives of people in ODF villages in Mopti. This study found that on average throughout the 6 study villages, about 13% of discretionary funds are saved for or spent on maintenance and improvements to sanitation infrastructure on a monthly basis. When sanitation infrastructure investments were compared with other infrastructure and livelihood investments, on the average it was ranked 7th out of the possible 10. These data seem to indicate that future investment in sanitation infrastructure was not a high priority for the participants. This could be stem from the fact that many of the participants had not directly experienced the need for continued investments, because their original latrines were still functional. The willingness-to-pay regression analysis produced very few statistically valid results. Only a few of the correlations found between willingness-to-pay data and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample were found to be statistically valid. For example, the correlation coefficient between willingness-to-pay for pit maintenance, including emptying when full or covering the pit with top soil, digging a new one, and reconstruction, and education level of the participants was about 1.2 and was statistically valid with a t-statistic of about 2.2. Indicating that the more educated a participant was, the more they would be willing to pay for pit maintenance. None of the overall regressions explained enough of the variability in willingness-to-pay data to be considered statistically valid. Regressions for two scenarios, constructing a cement slab as an improvement to an existing latrine and sealing/lining the pit on an existing latrine with cement, explained 10.3% and 10.4% of the variability in willingness-to-pay data respectively. However, this did not meet the minimum criteria of 15%. While the willingness-to-pay data would have been useful to study partners that are piloting a Sanitation Marketing program in Mali, the main research objective of assessing the CLTS intervention was still met.